2004-03-05 Silva Celebration [recital program]

              Luigi Silva
The UNCG School of Music has been recognized for years as one of the elite
music institutions in the United States. Fully accredited by the National
Association of Schools of Music since 1938, the School offers the only
comprehensive music program from undergraduate through doctoral study in
both performance and music education in North Carolina. From a total
population of approximately 14,000 university students, the UNCG School of
Music serves nearly 600 music majors with a full-time faculty and staff of more
than sixty. As such, the UNCG School of Music ranks among the largest
Schools of Music in the South.
The UNCG School of Music now occupies a new 26 million dollar music building
which is among the finest music facilities in the nation. In fact, the new music
building is the second-largest academic building on the UNCG Campus. A large
music library with state-of-the-art playback, study and research facilities houses
all music reference materials. Greatly expanded classroom, studio, practice
room, and rehearsal hall spaces are key components of the new structure. Two
new recital halls, a large computer lab, a psychoacoustics lab, electronic music
labs, and recording studio space are additional features of the new facility. In
addition, an enclosed multi-level parking deck is adjacent to the new music
building to serve students, faculty and concert patrons.
Living in the artistically thriving Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point “Triad”
area, students enjoy regular opportunities to attend and perform in concerts
sponsored by such organizations as the Greensboro Symphony Orchestra, the
Greensboro Opera Company, and the Eastern Music Festival. In addition,
UNCG students interact first-hand with some of the world’s major artists who
frequently schedule informal discussions, open rehearsals, and master classes
at UNCG.
Costs of attending public universities in North Carolina, both for in-state and out-of-
state students, represent a truly exceptional value in higher education.
For information regarding music as a major or minor field of study, please write:
Dr. John J. Deal, Dean
UNCG School of Music
P.O. Box 26167
Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-6167
(336) 334-5789
On the Web: www.uncg.edu/mus/
centennial celebration
March 5 — 7, 2004
On behalf of the faculty, staff, and students in the School of Music at UNCG, welcome to
the first of what we anticipate will be a long series of Celebrations devoted to the
violoncello and, specifically, those cellists represented in the UNCG Cello Music Collection
housed in the Walter Clinton Jackson Library Special Collections.
For years, the Collection has served the research needs of cellists all over the world,
housing the materials of Rudolf Matz, Elizabeth Cowling, Luigi Silva, Maurice Eisenberg,
and Jànos Scholz. Most recently, the complete collection of Fritz Magg was generously
donated to the collection, and just this year, Bernard Greenhouse announced that he, too,
was donating his archives to the Collection! This is truly the largest collection of its kind in
the world.
It is only fitting that this first Celebration be devoted to the cellist whose materials were
acquired by the Friends of the Library to initiate the Collection in 1964: Luigi Silva. We are
pleased and honored that so many of Professor Silva’s students have agreed to participate
in this event, and you will very much enjoy their contributions as teachers and performers
during the sessions scheduled over the next few days.
We are hopeful that you will have some time to peruse this impressive collection of
materials and that you will enjoy your visit to the School of Music. We believe that our
facilities are especially conducive to these kinds of events, providing a spacious and
pleasing environment for the study and performance of music of all types.
I am confident that you will find musical richness and collegial camaraderie during this
week that will enrich you for the months ahead.
Best regards,
John J. Deal, PhD
Dean
b
Recital Program I: Opening Gala
Friday, March 5, 2004
8:00 pm
West Market Street United Methodist Church
Ricercar No.3 in D Major Andrea Gabrieli
Ricercar No.4 in E Major (1532-1585)
Eckhart Richter, cello
Sonata in G for Violoncello and Basso Continuo Giovanni Gabrieli
Grave (c. 1555-1612)
(Tempo di Allemanda)
Largo
Presto
Eckhart Richter, cello
Benjamin Silva, guitar
Concerto for Cello in D Major Franz Joseph Haydn
Allegro moderato (1732-1809)
Adagio
Allegro
Brooks Whitehouse, cello (cadenza by Silva)
Gate City Camerata
Intermission
Sonata for Violin in A Major Gabriel Fauré
Allegro (1845-1924)
Adagio
Presto
Barbara Stein Mallow, cello
Ināra Zandmane, piano
Fandango from Guitar Quintet IV, G. 448 Luigi Boccherini
(1743-1805)
Benjamin Silva, guitar
Tango en Skai for strings and guitar Roland Dyens
(b. 1955)
Benjamin Silva, guitar
Gate City Camerata
Variazioni di Bravura “Moses Variations” Nicolò Paganini
(1782-1840)
arr. Luigi Silva
Timothy Eddy, cello
Gilbert Kalish, piano
Please join us for a reception following the performance, located in the Fellowship Hall.
Recital Program II: Silva Celebration Matinee
Saturday, March 6, 2004
2:00 pm
Recital Hall, School of Music
Songs and Dances for Cello and Piano Nicolay Tcherepnin
(1873-1945)
Brooks Whitehouse, cello
Andrew Harley, piano
Bachinas Brasilerias, No. 1 Heitor Villa-Lobos
Introduction (Embolada) (1887-1959)
Preludio (Modinha)
Fugue (Conversa)
Jonathan Lewis, Northwestern University
Wei Yu, Northwestern University
Michael Wiseman,
Dusan Vukajlovic, Georgia State University
Gal Nyska, Rice University
Alan Toda-Ambaras,
Brian Hodges, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Anna Wittstruck, Carolina Day School
Fantasia Concertante for Fifteen Cellos Heitor Villa-Lobos
(First Performance in North America in over 50 years!)
The Celebration Cello Orchestra
Dr. Jonathan Kramer, Director
Cello I
Bonnie Thron (Principal, NC Symphony)
Bongshin Ko (California State University, Fullerton)
Alexander Kramer (former Assistant Principal, Charlotte Symphony)
Cello II
Fred Raimi (Ciompi Quartet) · Brent Wissick (UNC Chapel Hill)
Allen Black (Principal, Charlotte Symphony)
Cello III
Beth Vandenborgh (Principal, Greensboro Symphony) · Leonid Zilper (NC Symphony)
Timothy Holley (NC Central University)
Cello IV
Michael Matthews (Greensboro Symphony) · Nathan Leyland (Carolina Ballet)
Lisa Shaunessy (NC Symphony)
Cello V
Charles Forbes (former Principal, American Symphony Orchestra)
Jonathan Chenoweth (University of Northern Iowa)
Anne Sellitti (Winston-Salem Symphony)
Recital Program III: Krosnick & Kalish in Recital
Saturday, March 6, 2004
8:00 pm
Recital Hall, School of Music
Joel Krosnick, cello
Gilbert Kalish, piano
Sonata for Piano and Cello, in G minor, Op. 5 No. 2 Ludwig van Beethoven
Adagio sostenuto — Allegro — Adagio — Presto (1770-1826)
Rondo: Allegro vivace
Preludio Goffredo Petrassi
Written for Luigi Silva (1904-2003)
Aria e Finale
Kroslish Sonata Ralph Shapey
Written for Krosnick and Kalish (1921-2002)
Maestoso
Delicato
Maestoso
Sonata for Cello and Piano in F Major, Op. 99 Johannes Brahms
Allegro vivace (1833-1897)
Adagio affetuoso
Allegro passionato — Trio
Allegro molto
b
Please join us for a reception following the performance.
Recital Program IV: WorksTranscribed by Luigi Silva
Sunday, March 7, 2004
1:30 pm
Recital Hall, School of Music
Ciacconna Giovanni Battista Vitali
(1632-1692)
Jonathan Kramer, cello
Andrew Harley, piano
Adagio from Goldberg Variations Johann Sebastian Bach
(1685-1750)
Barbara Stein Mallow, cello
Andrew Harley, piano
Intermezzo Johannes Brahms
(1833-1897)
Charles Forbes, cello
Andrew Harley, piano
Sonata in C Major, G. 17 Luigi Boccherini
(1743-1805)
Fred Raimi, cello
Jane Hawkins, piano
Three Sonatas for Guitar Domenico Scarlatti
(1685-1757)
Benjamin Silva, guitar
Caprice No.14 in G Major, Op.1 “The Marching Caprice” Nicolò Paganini
Caprice No.13 in B Major, Op.1 “The Laughing Caprice” (1782-1840) Charles Wendt
Roumanian Folk Dances Béla Bartók
(1881-1945)
La Fliatrice (Spinning Song) Felix Mendelssohn
(1809-1847)
Joel Krosnick, cello
Andrew Harley, piano
Styra Avins was educated in New York City. Trained from early childhood as a pianist,
she became interested in the cello while a student at the High School of Music and Art, and
began a serious study of the instrument with Luigi Silva while in her last year of high
school. After obtaining a Bachelor of Arts in Social Studies from the City College of the
City of New York while studying cello privately with Silva, she continued her studies with
him at the Juilliard School, then earned a Masters Degree at the Manhattan School of
Music with David Wells. In 1965 she had the opportunity to study intermittently but
intensively with Rudolf Matz during a year spent in Switzerland. Ms. Avins has served as
principal cellist of the Seoul Symphony in Korea, was a member of the New York City
Opera Orchestra, and of the American Symphony Orchestra (under Leopold Stokowsky),
and performed for many years with Young Audiences of New York. She taught cello at the
United Nations School in New York for ten years. She is currently a member of the
Queens Symphony in New York, and Visiting Faculty at the Chamber Music Conference of
the East. Ms. Avins is also a musicologist, currently teaching music history in the Graduate
School at Drew University. She has published more than a dozen articles in magazines
and professional journals, and presented talks on three continents, from Lincoln Center to
Melbourne, Australia. Her book, Johannes Brahms: Life and Letters , published by Oxford
University Press, is both a biography and the first English language collection of Brahms's
letters.
Alan Black is in his eighteenth season as Principal Cellist with the Charlotte Symphony,
and eighth season as Founder and Artistic Director of Chamber Music at St. Peter's. His
performance experience covers the complete spectrum of music; from classical music
including chamber music, solo recitals, and concertos with the Charlotte Symphony, to
appearing on stage as a soloist with artists such as Yo-Yo Ma, Bobby McFerrin, Van
Cliburn Gold Medal pianist Jon Nakamatsu, and fiddler Mark O’Connor. Alan graduated in
1980 from UCLA, and received a Masters Degree from Indiana University in 1983, where
he was a teaching assistant to Fritz Magg. Other teachers include former Principal Cellist
of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Ronald Leonard, Jeffrey Solow, Gary Hoffman, and most
recently, David Hardy, Principal Cellist of the National Symphony in Washington D.C. He
has also appeared in masterclasses with such notable musicians as Leonard Bernstein,
James Buswell, Bernard Greenhouse, and Janos Starker.
Elizabeth Beilman, a native of Wichita, Kansas, joined the North Carolina Symphony in
1988 and now serves as Assistant Principal Cello. Since coming to Raleigh, she has
performed in numerous recitals and ensembles in N.C. and has appeared as soloist with
the North Carolina Symphony. Before her arrival in N.C., Ms, Beilman was Artist-in
Residence for two years at the Banff Centre for the Fine Arts in Alberta, Canada. During
that time, she toured throughout Canada, performed with Felix Galamir and with
Menachem Pressler of the Beaux Arts Trio, and was featured at the Shawnigan Lake
Festival in British Colombia. Ms. Beilman is a founding member of the Chamber music
ensemble, AURORA MUSICALIS, an ensemble whose premiere recording Echoes of
America, received excellent reviews, including a special notice in the international
publication, Fanfare. This disc, whose title piece was dedicated by Pulitzer Prize-winning
composer Robert Ward to AURORA MUSICALIS, is availaable on the Albany label. Ms.
Beilman holds both Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in Music Performance from the
Indiana University School of Music. While at I.U., she held a faculty position of Associate
Instructor and served as Assistant to Fritz Magg, Distinguished Professor of Music. Other
cello teachers were Anner Bylsma, Aldo Parisot and Paul Tortelier. Her extensive
background in chamber music includes studies with Rostislav Dubinsky, Josef Gingold and
Peter Oundjian. Ms. Beilman performs on a Venetian cello made in 1921 by Giulio Degani.
Jonathan Chenoweth received his training at the Oberlin Conservatory and the State
University of New York at Stony Brook where his principal teachers were Richard
Kapuscinski and Timothy Eddy. Since 1991 he has taught cello and coached chamber
music at the University of Northern Iowa and served as principal for the Waterloo/Cedar
Falls Symphony.
Timothy Eddy has earned distinction as a recitalist, soloist with orchestra, chamber
musician, recording artist, and as a winner in numerous national and international
competitions. In June of 1975, Mr. Eddy received top honors at the Gaspar Cassado
International Violoncello Competition, held in Florence, Italy. He has also won prizes in the
Dealey Contest (Dallas), the Denver Symphony Guild Competition, the North Carolina
Symphony Contest, and the New York Violoncello Society competition. In addition to his
numerous solo and chamber recitals throughout the U.S. he has appeared as concerto
soloist with many U.S. orchestras, including the Dallas, Denver, Stamford, Jacksonville,
and North Carolina Symphony Orchestras. Mr. Eddy received his Bachelor’s and Master’s
degrees with honors from the Manhattan School of Music, where he was a scholarship
student of Bernard Greenhouse. His earlier training was with Luigi Silva, at Kneisel Hall in
Blue Hill, Maine, and in the preparatory departments of Peabody, Mannes, and Juilliard.
He spent several summers as a participant in the Marlboro Music Festival and has toured
the U.S. frequently with the “Music From Marlboro” concert series. Recently, Mr. Eddy has
spent his summers with the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival, the Sarasota Music
Festival, the Aspen Music Festival and the Steans Institute.
Timothy Eddy presently teaches cello at the Juilliard School and the Mannes College and
he is Professor Emeritus at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. He appears
regularly in duo recital with pianist Gilbert Kalish and he is the solo cellist of the Bach Aria
Group. As cellist of the Orion String Quartet (with Daniel and Todd Phillips, violins, and
Steven Tenenbom, viola), he is in residence with the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln
Center and at the Mannes College of Music. With the Orion Quartet, he has appeared in
major musical centers in the U.S., Canada, and Europe, including festivals in Lockenhaus
(Austria); Spoleto (Italy); New York (“Mostly Mozart”); Charleston, SC; Mondsee (Austria);
Turku (Finland); and Vancouver (Canada). Mr. Eddy has recorded for Columbia Records,
Angel, Vanguard, Nonesuch, C.R.I., New World, Vox, Musical Heritage, Delos, Arabesque,
and Sony Classical.
Timothy Eddy is highly sought-after as a teacher, and his former pupils have come from
England, France, Germany, Holland, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Japan, and Korea as
well as the U.S. and Canada, and they have won positions in major orchestras and
universities in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and the Far East; many have also achieved
distinction in their careers as chamber musicians and soloists. Mr. Eddy was a member of
the faculty of the biennial Isaac Stern Chamber Music Workshop at Carnegie Hall in 1993,
1995, 1997 and 2001.
Margery Enix is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Chapman University. A student of
Luigi Silva, she earned a B.M. degree in cello performance from Yale University. She
holds. M.M. and Ph.D degrees from Indiana University. A recipient of a Ford Foundation
research grant, she is author of more than thirty articles on cello playing. She translated
Silva's three-volume History of Left Hand Cello Technique. Her book, Rudolf Matz: Cellist,
Teacher, Composer, documents, in part, the productive relationship between Matz and
Silva.
Charles Forbes is a cellist, music director, teacher, inventor, and chamber music coach
with degrees from Harvard College and Manhattan School of Music. His principal cello
teachers were Maurice Eisenberg and Bernard Greenhouse. He also studied cello with
Luigi Silva and Pablo Casals, chamber music with Leonard Shure, and conducting with
Jonel Perlea. His orchestral experience includes playing principal cello with the American
Symphony (under Stokowski), the Buffalo Philharmonic, the Princeton Chamber Orchestra,
the Springfield, MA Symphony, and the Vermont Symphony.
Mr. Forbes has given four solo recitals at Carnegie Recital Hall, and played for 30 years
with the New York Camerata, a chamber group with whom he toured widely and recorded
several discs. The group commissioned many works, including George Crumb’s Voice of
the Whale, and was the resident ensemble with the New York-based Affiliate Artists in
Wisconsin and Alabama for four seasons. He has also played with the Windsor String
Quartet in Vermont, the Network for New Music, Relache and the Philadelphia Camerata in
Philadelphia, and, currently, the Midsummer and Chancellor String Quartets.
Charles Forbes has been on the faculties of Smith, Amherst and Mount Holyoke Colleges,
Exeter Academy, the Manhattan School of Music, and the University of Delaware. He has
been music director of the Princeton Chamber Music Play Week since it was founded 13
years ago. Mr. Forbes currently lives in Langhorne, PA, plays with Orchestra 2001 and the
Bucks County Symphony (principal), and teaches privately and at the Settlement Music
School. Published author of Cello Scales and Arpeggios, published by ECS Publishing,
Mr. Forbes has compiled a comprehensive addition to the scale book literature that is
unique in that it features modal scales and seventh chord arpeggios. Mr. Forbes is also
the inventor of the Forbes Music Scroller, a clever solution for eliminating the problem of
page turns.
Martha Gerschefski received the Performance Diploma from the Juilliard School of Music
with Luigi Silva and Isidore Cohen, then studied privately in Europe with Andre Navarra,
Edward Mattos, and Nadia Boulanger and earned the Diploma of Merit from the Accadmia
Musicale Chigiana in Siena, Italy. She has toured Europe performing recitals under the
State Department Cultural Presentations Abroad program and has presented solo concert
tours in the United States and Central America. Ms. Gerschefski was the first woman
selected by Leopold Stokowski for the American Symphony Orchestra, where she held the
position of associate principal cello, and has been principal cellist with the Atlanta
Chamber Orchestra, and the Atlanta Ballet. She has presented classes and workshops
throughout the USA, Canada, and Central and South America. Honors for Ms. Gerschefski
include the Koussevitzsky Prize and the Martha Baird Rockefeller grant for study abroad.
She was recently selected as the American String Teachers' Association Georgia Educator
of the Year and received the Georgia State University College of Arts and Sciences
Outstanding Teaching Award for 1999-2000. Ms. Gerschefski is co-founder of the Georgia
Academy of Music, began the string quartet program at The Westminster Schools of
Atlanta, founded the University Cello Choir and currently serves on the faculty of the
Georgia State University School of Music. She and her husband, Clint Schaum, reside in
Georgia during the winter and Maine during the summer.
Jane Hawkins is from South Wales and studied both piano and cello at the Royal
Academy of Music in London. She has been a professor of music at Duke University since
1985. She has appeared with the Dorian Wind Quintet, the Ciompi Quartet, the Chicago
Symphony Chamber players, and the American Chamber players. Recent collaborators
include James Buswell, Steven Ansell, Ron Leonard, and Branford Marsalis. Fred Raimi
and Jane Hawkins have been married since 1975. Their CD of music by Paul Schoenfield,
Mark Kuss, and Max Raimi has just been released by Gasparo Records.
Timothy Holley is a graduate of Baldwin Wallace College and The University of Michigan,
where he studied, respectively, with Regina Mushabac, Jerome Jelinek, Jeffrey Solow and
Erling Bløndal Bengtsson. He was a member of the Toledo Symphony Orchestra for
twelve years and was also affiliated with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra during that time.
He has served as Assistant Professor of Music at North Carolina Central University since
1996, and has also taught at the Duke University String School. He has appeared as a
guest artist with the Ciompi Quartet of Duke University, the Mallarmé Chamber Players,
and the North Carolina Symphony Orchestra.
Hans Jorgen Jensen, professor of cello at Northwestern University, is also a faculty
member of the Meadowmount School of Music. He has soloed with the Copenhagen
Symphony, Danish Radio Orchestra, Irish Radio Orchestra, and Basel Symphony
Orchestra. Professor Jensen was the winner of the Jacob Gades Prize, the Danish Ministry
of Cultural Affairs Grant for Musicians, the Copenhagen Music Critics Prize of Honor, and
the Artist International Competition in New York. He was named outstanding Studio
Teacher of the Year by Illinois chapter, American String Teachers Association and was the
recipient of the U.S. Presidential Scholar Teacher Recognition Award for the U.S.
Department of Education. His students have won prizes in numerous national and
international competitions. Professor Jensen studied at the Juilliard School with Leonard
Rose and Channing Robbins, and studied privately and performed in master classes with
Pierre Fournier. Professor Jensen holds a Soloist Diploma from the Royal Academy of
Music, Denmark.
Gilbert Kalish leads a musical life of unusual variety and breadth. His profound influence on
the musical community as educator, and as pianist in myriad performances and recordings,
has established him as a major figure in American music making.
A native New Yorker and graduate of Columbia College, Mr. Kalish studied with Leonard
Shure, Julius Hereford and Isabella Vengerova. He has been the pianist of the Boston
Symphony Chamber Players since 1969 and was a founding member of the Contemporary
Chamber Ensemble; a group devoted to new music that flourished during the 1960's and
70's. He is a frequent guest artist with many of the world's most distinguished chamber
ensembles. His thirty-year partnership with the great mezzo-soprano Jan DeGaetani was
universally recognized as one of the most remarkable artistic collaborations of our time. He
maintains long-standing duos with the cellists Timothy Eddy and Joel Krosnick, and he
appears frequently with soprano Dawn Upshaw.
As educator he is Leading Professor and Head of Performance Activities at the State
University of New York at Stony Brook. From 1968-1997 he was a faculty member of the
Tanglewood Music Center and served as the "Chairman of the Faculty" at Tanglewood
from 1985-1997. He often serves as guest faculty at distinguished music institutions such
as the Banff Centre and the Steans Institute at Ravinia, and is renowned for his master
class presentations.
Mr. Kalish's discography of some 100 recordings encompasses classical repertory, 20th
Century masterworks and new compositions. Of special note are his solo recordings of
Charles Ives' Concord Sonata and Sonatas of Joseph Haydn, an immense discography of
vocal music with Jan DeGaetani and landmarks of the 20th Century by composers such as
Carter, Crumb, Shapey and Schoenberg. In 1995 he was presented with the Paul Fromm
Award by the University of Chicago Music Department for distinguished service to the
music of our time.
Praised by critics as the “mastery of the instrument” with “great warmth and beauty” cellist
Bongshin Ko has appeared worldwide at music festivals including Schleswig-Holstein,
Kronberg, American Cello Congress and Seoul International collaborating with Sir Georg
Solti, M. Rostropovich, Gunter Schuller and others. Her solo engagements include
invitations to perform with Vienna Sinfonietta, German Chamber Orchestra, Television-
Radio Symphony of Moscow, Korean Broadcasting Symphony to name a few. Ms. Ko is
currently the Cello Professor at California State University, Fullerton and returns to various
summer festivals throughout the globe.
Jonathan C. Kramer is Associate Director of the Music Department at North Carolina
State University and Adjunct Professor of Ethnomusicology at Duke University. Dr. Kramer
holds advanced degrees from Duke and the Graduate School of the Union Institute where
he completed a Ph.D. in Ethnomusicology and Performance Studies in 1994 with a
dissertation on traditional Korean music. As a cellist, he has performed as principal of the
Tucson Symphony and as a member of the San Francisco Opera and Ballet Orchestras
and the North Carolina Symphony. Among his teachers are Aldo Parisot,Gordon Epperson,
Raya Garbousova, David Wells, Madeline Foley, and Maurice Gendron. He has performed
extensively as recitalist and chamber musician throughout the U.S. as well as in Russia,
India, Korea, Canada, Austria, Bulgaria, U. K. and Italy and has been awarded Senior
Fulbright Fellowships at Banaras-Hindu University in India and at Chosun University in
Kwangju, South Korea. He has performed with The Mostly Modern series of San
Francisco, Mallarme Chamber Players, Duke University Encounters Series, the Piccolo
Spoletto Festival, Raleigh Chamber Music Guild; and presented solo concertos with the
Raleigh Symphony, Raleigh Civic Symphony, Durham Symphony, Orchestra of Virginia
Beach, and the North Carolina Symphony. He has recorded for Albany Records, and
Soundings of the Planet Studios. He is on the teaching faculty of the North Carolina School
of the Arts Summer Institute and frequently accompanies Rumi translator Coleman Barks
in poetry readings. Dr. Kramer has lectured on Music and Aesthetics in the United States
the U. K., Korea, and recently at the Ramakrishna Mission in Calcutta, India; and has
received critical commendation for his lectures and commentaries. He served as moderator
of the Pedagogy Panel at the American Cello Congress this past summer, and recently
presented An Homage to Pau Casals at Queen Elizabeth Hall, London in September with
cellists Bernard Greenhouse and Selma Gokcen.