Petroleum and its products

              Walter Clinton JackaonJ.l'br.ory
THE UNJVERSITY OF NOI<1H CA!!OUNA AI GREI!NsBol<o
s,.cUrl CD&dions & &... Books Division
HOME ECONOMICS PAMPHLEIS
Estate of Florence
Louise Schaffer
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General Offices of
The Texas Company at Houston, Texas
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Petroleum and its
Products
Petroleum
and its Products
Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.
Manufactured by
The Texas Company
Houston, Texas
Export Dept : I 7 Battery Place, New York City
European Offices: London and Antwerp
Copyright, 1910, by The Texas Company
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This book is intended to give a general idea of
the facilities of The Texas C<?mpany and some of
the products of its manufacture. It is hoped that
it will be of interest as indicating the extent and
character of its equipment and activities in the re­fining
and distributing of petroleum products, and
showing that The Texas Company is fully prepared
to ship in quantity all classes of these products, etc.,
to any part of the world.
I T HE Texas Company was formed in the year
I 902 for the purpose of transporting, refin­ing
and distributing petroleum and its prod­ucts
from the Texas oil fields.
Headquarters were established first in Beaumont
and later in Houston, refineries being located on the
Gulf Coast at Port Arthur.
From the outset the utmost care was taken in the
equipment of the refineries, the character of the dif­ferent
stations and facilities for distribution.
In order to produce and maintain products of
the highest quality, an organization was gradually
built up which is composed of men who are experts
in the various lines connected with the petroleum
industry.
(~ality has been, and is, the watchword.
The resulting rapid success is shown from the
extent of the Company's present activities.
At present The Texas Company has hundreds of
miles of pipe-lines and numerous pumping stations,
drawing supplies from the Oklahoma, Texas and
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THE TEXAS COMPANY
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Earthen Storage at lennings, (La.)
Flowmg Well
TO
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Louisiana producing fields; four large refineries, a
. number of deep-water coast terminals, local stations
all through the Southern and Eastern States and an
extensive export business.
It is recognized as one of the largest and most
active companies engaged in the petroleum industry
and its goods are favorably known, the high stal)dard
established, having been maintained and improved so
that Texaco Products are unsurpassed in value.
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THE TSXAS •coMPANY
•
Station at Evangeline, La.
12
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
The producing fields from which The Texas
Company draws its supplies are situated in Oklahoma,
Texas and Louisiana.
The Oklahoma pools form part of what is termed
the Mid-continent Oil Region, and the gathering
systems of The Texas Company extend through the
most important of these, the Glen pool, Bald Hill,
Flat Rock, Bird Creek and Bartlesville districts being
the best known.
The Texas pools at Corsicana, Humble, Batson,
Sour Lake, Saratoga and Spindle Top are all tapped,
and the Louisiana fields at Shreveport and Jennings
Pipe-Line Gang in Cotton Field
13
THE TEtXAS COMPANY
•
•
Station at Lake Charles, La.
are also connected with the pipe-lines of The Texa~
Company. Further extensions of these pipe-lines
are made from time to time as the production of new
fields warrants the construction. ·
The producer, after drilling to the sand, which
may be either in the shallow or deep producing area
and from five hundred to over two thousand feet
deep, erects tankage near the well. Where the
wells flow the tanks may be filled by gravity, other­wise,
pumps are installed to take the oil from
the well to the tanks mentioned. The gathering
system of The Texas Company co.Q.llects with the
producer's tanks and leads to the local pumping
14
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Loading Racks at Lake Charles (La.)
station, established at a convenient and central point
in the producing field. At this local station a suc­tion
pump is kept running at all times, this pump
creating a vacuum on the gathering lines so that,
when the valve at the bottom of the producer's tank
is opened, the oil flows through the gathering pipe
to the pump and thence to the steel storage tanks at
the pumping station.
The gathering systems of The Texas Company
radiate from the trunk lines to all the various oil pool1'
in Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana.
The pumping station, which is situated in the
oil field and from which the gathering lines radiate,
'5
THE TE-XAS COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
is also connected to the trunk line. From the
steel storage at this station the oil is pumped under
a pressure of about 7 50 lbs. to the next station (prob­ably
40 to 6o miles), when it is relayed to the next
and so on.
At necessary points convenient to refineries and
railroads, there are located so-called tank farms,
consisting of groups of steel tanks of 37 ,5oo to
55 ,ooo barrels capacity. These tanks receive the
oil from the pipe-lines and from these tanks the
oil is delivered to the refineries or railroad.
Telegraph and telephone lines parallel the pipe­lines,
and the movement of oil through these lines is
in charge of a dispatcher to whom telegraph oper­ators
report hourly as to the pressure, amount of oil
received and pumped, so that each hour the dispatcher
is fully informed as to the state of the business and
security of the line.
A system of patroling the pipe-line is in use, the
line walkers reporting trouble of any kind by tele­phone,
telephone boxes for the purpose being placed
at frequent intervals along the line.
In order to facilitate the handling of oils at storage
points and pumping stations, etc., manifolds are built
at each station with a system of gate valves and by­passes
so arranged that oil can be pumped from one
station and received from another at the same time,
THE TEXAS COMPANY
Pipe :VIanifold at Pumping Station
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
also allowing the engineer to divert the receipt or
discharge of oil from one tank to another as they are
emptied or filled. By this means also the oil can be
passed round any station where repairs have neces­sitated
a shut-dowfl, or drawn out of a line when a
break has occurred.
About twenty-five pumping stations and sixteen
storage points are located on the various pipe-line
systems.
Loading racks are maintained at all the storage
points so arranged that a number of tank cars can be
loaded at one time. These racks are arranged alongside
the track with a line of pipe supported by timber
framework. This pipe has connections at intervals
with gate valves attached, so that one tank car can
be filled from each connection.
The total mileage of the pipe-lines owned and
operated by The Texas Company, including the
gathering systems and trunk lines, reaches over 1 ,ooo
miles, and further extensions are being built as re­quired.
The refineries operated by The Texas Company
are situated at Port Arthur, Port Neches and Dallas,
Texas, and Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The refineries at Port Arthur, Dallas and Tulsa
are devoted to the production of oils of various
classes, the refinery at Port Neches manufacturing
'9
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THE TEXAS COMPANY
Port Arthur (Tex
20
PETROLEUM. AND ITS PRODUCTS
(Texas) Works
21
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THE TEX s COMPANY
22
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
bitumens for road purposes, waterproofing, flooring,
paint, etc.; also roofing.
The crude oils from the different fields from
which The Texas Company draws its supplies vary
in character, the oils from each field being best
adapted to the manufacture of certain kinds of prod­ucts.
Securing these several kinds of crude oil The
Texas Company is in a position to manufacture the
class of petroleum products of most value in different
lines of industry, and the acknowledged value of
Texaco products in this regard is recognized.
The best methods of continuous distillation m
refining, the use of modern machinery and labor­saving
devices in handling, the use of fireproof build­ings
of concrete and other permanent construction,
are some of the means employed to secure maximum
efficiency.
The power plants of the refineries are fitted with
the latest Turbo-electrical generating sets furnishing
power for lighting, running pumps and for all kinds
of machinery.
The machine and boiler shops, car repair shops,
carpenter shops, etc., which are maintained by us,
are all fitted with the best available labor-saving de­vices
and keep all our plants in excellent condition.
In addition to the regular labor-saving devices, we
have considerahle special equipment which has been
23
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THE TSXAS COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
built to suit our conditions and has enabled us to
effect economies otherwise impossible.
The maintenance of large storage for all kinds
of products insures their production in such quanti- ·
ties that the tests on same show great uniformity,
enabling the consumer to obtain always the same
high quality of product.
Some idea of the extent of the power plants in­volved
can be gained from the fact that the necessary
steam for refineries and stations is supplied by latest
improved water tube boilers aggregating over zo,ooo
horsepower capacity.
Close to the refinery at Port Arthur a large ter­minal
with docks, etc., is operated by The Texas
Company from which bulk and case shipments are
made to the other terminals on the United States
coast and to foreign countries.
Located on this terminal are factories for the
manufacture of cans and cases, and for the filling and
packing of these ready for shipment.
\V"here gasolenes, naphthas, kerosenes, fuel oil,
lubricating oils, etc., are loaded from the terminal in
bulk, each grade of oil is loaded through a separate
line to avoid any possibility of admixture. The
steamers loaded vary in capacity from 4oo,ooo to
over z,ooo,ooo gallons capacity.
The space at the dock and facilities for loading
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THE TSXA COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
make it possible to load four to s1x steamers at one
time.
For uniformity of product a cargo of one grade
of oil is taken from one storage tank, the oil in the
tank having been previously tested so that it agrees
with standard requirements.
For the quick and economical handling of case
goods, a can factory and a casing factory have been
built on the dock and all cans and cases are manu­factured
at this point.
Three sets of concrete buildings are given up to
the manufacture, filling and packing of the cans and
cases.
The can factory is located in a two-story build­ing
with a one-story filling room, the storage ot
shooks and the manufacture of cases being con­ducted
in another building, and the third given up
to the storage of case oil packed and ready for ship­ment.
In the can factory the tin is put through a series
of machines which bend, turn and clinch the differ­ent
pieces together to form the can body. A con­veyor
carries them to the soldering machinery, which
is entirely automatic, the can being placed in one end
and removed at the other completely soldered at
sides,· top and bottom.
Another machine in the filling room automatically
27
THE TEXAS COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
fills twelve cans at once. After filling and testing,
the cans are placed in the shipping cases on a con­veyor
and carried to a nailing machine where the
case is finally nailed up, pushed onto a second con­veyor
and carried to the storage warehouse.
The manufacture of cases is conducted on a
series of nailing machines and printing done by
machine.
For uniformity from 1 oo,ooo to 1 so,ooo cases
of oil are filled from the same storage tank after the
tank has been tested as to standard.
Other terminals located on deep water and ar­ranged
with tank farms for storage of large quantities
of all kinds of petroleum products, loading racks for
railroad tank cars, barrelling houses, docks, etc., are
maintained at convenient points along the Gulf and
Atlantic coasts.
These terminals receive the oil from Port Arthur
in bulk by vessel and are equipped with all facilities
to handle Texaco products either in bulk or package
with the utmost expedition.
Large stocks are maintained at these terminals at
all times. These terminals are situated at
New Orleans, La.
Mobile, Ala.
Charleston, S. C.
Norfolk, V a.
Baltimore, Md.
Philadelphia,. Pa.
New York, N.Y.
Providence, R. I.
Portland, Me.
THE TSXA•S COMPANY
•
Docks at Marcus Hook, Philadelphia Termina
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Station at Antwerp, (Belgium)
For the proper handling of the Northern Con­tinental
European trade a large terminal and storage
plant is maintained at Antwerp, Belgium.
The Texas Company owns and operates a fleet
of ocean-going steamers and barges, also tugs, lighters
and motor boats, carrying cargoes of bulk and case
oil between the various terminals in this country and
between Port Arthur and foreign ports.
For rail transportation, The Texas Company
owns over one thousand tank cars of 6,ooo to 1 z,ooo
gallons capacity, beside a number of locomotives,
crane locomotives and other railroad equipment
necessary for the distribution of petroleum products.
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THE TEX s COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Stations have been established for the distribution
of 'refined oils and package goods in all the states from
Arizona to Maine, and from Florida to the Rocky
Mountains. These stations are fully equipped with
tanks, pumps, storage for package goods, auto trucks,
tank wagons and all necessary facilities for the local
distribution of Texaco products.
Tanks at Antwerp Terminai
33
THE COMPANY
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Distributing Station, 1\lobile, (Ala.
Distributing Station at Dallas, (Texas)
34
T HE following description of some Texaco
petroleum products will give a general con­ception
of the extent of our manufactures.
Further information can be secured by communic~t­tng
with agents or addressing the Houston, New
York, or other principal offices.
35
THE TE-XAS • COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
P rt Ar•hur \ rexas).
THE TSXAS COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Texaco Fuel Oil
This product is not a crude oil, but is specially
prepared for fuel purposes. It is supplied with the
reg uisi te flash and fire tests for,
Stationary and Portable furnaces,
Railroad uses,
Marine uses,
Naval uses.
The use of fuel oil has extended rapidly in recent
years and its efficiency is being generally recognized,
especially for railroad and marine work, where the
conditions are such that the advantages are of very
great value.
Advantages of Fuel Oil
1. Saves a large amount of space, which can be turned
into profitable storage, or omitted from original
designing-reducing cost.
2. Eliminates the expensive dirty operation of coal­ing.
Filling the tanks of the vessel with oil
requires practically no labor, takes much less
time and there is no dirt.
I· Gives over 50°1> greater evaporation, pound for
pound, than coal.
4· Enables steam to he raised rapidly.
5· Materially lessens wear and tear on boilers.
6. Increases steaming radius.
7· Greatly reduces labor for fireroom.
39
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THE TSXAS COMPANY
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New Orleans Station
Galveston Station
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Houston Station
I THE TEXAS COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Texaco Fuel Oil complies with all government
and naval specifications.
Texaco Fuel Oil is being furnished to navies, rail­roads,
and large fuel users in the United States and
abroad.
Texaco Refined Oils
Texaco Deodorized Gasolines;
Prepared for automobile and motor boat use, un­surpassed
for power-efficiency and economy.
Texaco Deodorized Naphthas:
Prepared for use in the manufacture of paints,
varnishes, degreasing leather and other purposes.
Texene:
Mineral turpentine, the best mineral thinner for
paints, etc., on the market.
43
THE TSX S COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Texaco Kerosenes:
Made with fire tests to comply with domestic and
foreign regulations, of superior burning quality and
color.
Texaco Lubricating Oils
Texaco Lubricating Oils are scientifically pro­duced
under the direction of experts who are thor­oughly
acquainted with the required conditions and
the characteristics necessary for proper lubrication.
Engine and Machine Oils
I ,ight-bodied Oils
Texaco Spindle
l'exaco Dynamo
Texaco Par Engine
Texaco Famous.
These oils are clear, light, mineral oils, suitable
for lubrication of spinning machinery, respectively,
for use on running parts and bearings of high­peed
motors, generators, air compressors, Corliss
hngines, etc.
1edium and Heavy-bodied Oils
I exaco Red
Texaco Honor
Texaco Top Notch Engi·ne
Texaco Journal.
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THE TSXAS C O.MPANY
S. S. ''Northwestern ••
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
These oils are suitable for heavy duty machinery,
car motors, mills, farm machinery, chain gears and
shafting, machinery with loose bearings, etc.
For the exacting requirements of marine engin~
lubrication, we particularly recommend
Texaco Neptune Engine Oil
Oils adapted for use in mills, etc.
Texaco Extra Castor Machine
Texaco No. 1 Castor Machine
Texaco No. 2 Castor Machine.
Black Oils
Texaco Winter Black
Texaco Summer Black.
Also for car journals, shafting and gearing. Pure
mineral oils, especially prepared, and not to be con­fused
with various residuums offered for these purposes.
Air Compressor and Ice Machine Oils
Texaco Air Compressor for medium pressures
Texaco High Pressure Air Compressor
Cylinder Oils
Texaco Heavy Air Compressor
Texaco Ammonia Oils.
Straight Mineral
Filtered
Compounded
47
THE TSXAS COMPANY
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
For high and low pressure steam plants, super­heated
steam, high-speed engines, ice and refrigerat­ing
plants, locomotives, threshers, gins, etc. We
mention a few of our most favored brands
Texaco Pinnacle Cylinder
Texaco Summit Valve
Texaco Top Notch Valve
Texaco Vanguard Cylinder
Texaco Regal Cylinder
Texaco Northland Cylinder.
Texaco Auto Oils
Kohinoor Auto Cylinder.
This is our best brand of filtered mineral auto
oil for cylinders of gasoline automobile engines and
marine motors, of very low cold test, free from
carbon and guaranteed to be equal or superior to
any cold test auto oils on the market.
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• THE TEXAS COMPANY
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Gas engine and auto ~ils for both air and water­cooled
cylinders and internal combustion engines.
Texaco Auto Oil
Texaco Northland
Texaco Zerotex
Texaco Steam Auto Cylinder Oil
A bright, highly filtered cylinder oil especially
adapted for lubricating steam auto cars such as White,
Stanley etc.
Oils for Special Purposes
Tempering Oil
Thread Cutting Oil
Twine Oil
Harness Oil
Leather Oil
Tanners Oil
Ink Stock
Dipping Oil
Soap Oil
Transformer Oil
Turbine Oil
Wool and Yarn Oils.
THE T.EXAS COMPANY
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Texaco Greases · or Solid Lubricants
Axle Greases, for
Wagons, carts and similar vehicles
Dredges
Lumber Mills
Chain Gears
Carriers.
Cup Greases for use where a high grade solid
lubricant is required on moving parts of engines.
Made in varying degrees of hardness to suit special
needs.
Greases specially prepared for
Railways
Automobiles
Tramways and the like
Rod Cups
Mines and Foundries
Gears
Cogs
Driving Journals
Cars
Pinions
Air Brakes.
Sugar Plantations.
53
THE TE.tX s COMPANY
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Loading tank wagons at Distributing Station
Storage Tanks at Distributing Station
54
PETROLEUM. AND ITS PRODUCTS
Texaco Bitumens and Cements
Scientifically prepared for special purposes, such as
Paving
Roofing
Pipe Coating
Insulation
Waterproofing
Tank Bottoms
Mastic
Impregnating Compound
Rubber Stock
Saturated Felt.
Texaco Roofing
High grade prepared roofing, ready to lay, will
not crack or dry out, fire resisting and waterproof.
Manufactured by modern processes from the best
selected felt and most perfect waterproofing material
known.
Shipped for export in crates, two rolls to the
crate. Each roll containing sufficient material to
cover 200 square feet, including laps. The lap cement,
nails and instructions for laying, are packed inside
each roll.
For domestic shipment, TEXACO ROOFING
is shipped in rolls to cover 1 oo square feet each in­cluding
laps. Lap cement, nails and instructions m
each roll. Made in three weights.
55
THE TE.tXAS COMPANY
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Texaco Roofing packed for export
P~TROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Appendix
The following information is given as of general
interest to the buyer of oil products.
Packages for Petroleum Oils
Galvanized steel drums of approximately 5 s-gallons capacity.
Wooden barrels of approximately so-gallons capacity.
Cases containing 2 s-gallon cans, dimensions, 2 I Yz" long
by 10~" wide bv 14~" high.
Cases containing 10 1-gallon cans, dimensions, 2o;i"
long by 107'{" wide by 14~" high.
Av. Wt. Finish.
Roofing per Square
40 pounds
50 pounds
6o pounds
Roofing Package for Export
No. I
Width Av. ~;;·of Av. Wt. Ac:'· Length Depth of Width of
Roofing 2 :q~. e:ch Crate plus Rrg. of Crt. Crt. Crt.
32 in. 1 6o lbs. 22lbs. I 82lbs. 34 in. I 1 tin. 2 I in.
No.2
No.3
pin. \ 24olbs. 3olbs. 72olbs. 34in. 14in. 26rin.
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Careful attention is paid to the packages for Texaco Products, all tin being of the best
quality and cases extra strong.
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THE T E..X•A S COMPANY
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PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
U. S. Weights and Measures and their
Approximate Equivalents.
Wine or Liquid Measure
U S. Standard is Wine gallon.
I Wine gallon =
r Cubic foot
I Pint
I Quart
1 Gallon
Litre
"
"
"
0.1336 cubic feet'
7.4805 wine gallons
. 28.875 cubic inches 0.473 I litres
57·7 5 " (( = 0·9463 "
231.00 " " = 3·78 5 "
Weight
61.02709 cubic inches
. 2.11416 pints
1.05708 quarts
0.26+2 7 gallons
U. S. Standard is the pound avoirdupois.
I Gramme = one cu hie centimeter of distilled water at 4 o c
I Grain 0.0648 gramme
I Ounce 28.349 grammes
I Pound 453·59 grammes
A Kilo (kilogram) .
I Pound avd.
1 ooo gramme= 2.2046 lbs. avd.
0.+53 59 kilograms
Imperial Liquid Measure
Imperial gallon is the standard of Great Britain.
1 Imperial gallon
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1 Wine (U. S.)gallon
59
277.274 cubic inches
. o. r 6o4 '' foot
4.542 litres
I. 2003 2 wine gallons
o.833 I I imperial gallon.
THE TE.tXA COMPANY
•
Comparative Table
Pounds per Kilo per
IJegrees Beaume Degrees Specific U.S. Gallon U. S. Gallon
IO I.OOOO 8.33 3·78
I I ·993° 8.27 3·75
I2 .986 I 8.22 3·73
I3 ·9792 8.I6 3·7°
I4 ·9725 8.IO 3.68
I5 ·9659 8.os 3.65
16 ·9593 7·99 3·63
17 ·9529 7·94 3.6o
I8 ·9465 7·89 3·58
I9 ·9402 7·83 3·56
20 ·9340 7·78 3·54
2I ·9279 7·73 3·5 I
22 .92 I 8 7.68 3·49
23 ·9 I 59 7·63 3·47
24 ·9IOO 7·58 3-++
25 ·90 . .j.2 7·53 3·42
26 .8984 7·49 3·4°
27 .8927 7·44 3·38
28 .887 J 7·39 3·36
29 .88 I6 7·35 3·34
30 .8762 7·3° 3·32
31 .8708 7.26 3·30
32 .8654 7.2 I 3.28
33 .86o2 7·17 3·26
3+ .8s5o 7.12 3·24
35 .8498 7.08 3.22
36 .8448 7·0+ ... 3.20
37 .8398 7.00 3· I 8
38 .83+8 6.96 3.16
39 .8299 6.91 3· 14
40 .825 I 6.87 3· 12
41 .8203 6.83 3.10
6o
PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS
Comparative Table-Continued
Pounds per Kilo per
Degrees Beaume Degrees Specific L. S. Gallon U. S. Gallon
42 .8 r 56 6.80 3·09
43 .8 !09 6.76 3·07
44 .806J 6.72 3·0 5
45 .8017 6.68 3·04
+6 ·7972 6.64 J.02
47 ·7927 6.60 J.OO
48 ·788J 6.57 2·99
49 ·7839 6.5J 2.97
so ·7796 6.so 2·95
51 ·7753 6.~6 2·94
52 .771 I 6.42 2.92
53 ·7669 6.J9 2.90
54 ·7628 6.J6 2.89
55 ·7587 6.J2 2.87
56 ·75+7 6.29 2.86
57 ·7507 6.25 2.84
58 ·7+67 6.22 2.8J
. 59 ·7428 6.19 2.8 I
6o ·7389 6. I 6 2.80
61 ·735 1 6. T 2 2.78
62 ·73 I 3 6.09 2.77
63 ·7 275 6.o6 2·75
64 ·72J8 6.0J 2.74
65 ·7201 6.00 2.73
66 ·7165 5·97 2.71
67 ·71'28 5·9+ 2.70
68 ·7°93 5·9 1 '2.69
69 ·7057 5.88 2.67
70 ·7022 5·8 5 2.66
75 .68 52 5·7 [ 2.60
8o .6690 5· 57 2·53
85 .6 536 5-45 2.48
61
THE TEXAS COMPANY
HOUSTON NEW YORK
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Company
New Yt'r