Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series, Food Stamp Program, Characteristics of Food Stamp

              Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series
The Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation
Food Stamp Program Report No. FSP-01-CHAR
Characteristics ofFoodStamp
Households: Fiscal Year 2000
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KDA Unltedstates Food and October 2001
\JO\Jr\ Department of Nutrition
Agriculture Service
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Nutrition Assistance Program Report Series
The Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation
Food Stamp Program Report No. FSP-01-CHAR
Characteristics of Food Stamp
Households: Fiscal Year 2000
USDA "nited Statf , ^d
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and \JyJlsr\ Department of Nutrition October 2001
Agriculture Service
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USDA
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Food and
Nutrition
Service
3101 Park
Center Drive
Alexandria. VA
22302-1500
CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD STAMP HOUSEHOLDS:
FISCAL YEAR 2000 AND TRENDS IN FOOD STAMPPROGRAM
PARTICIPATION: 1994 TO 1999
Enclosed are copies of two reports: Characteristics ofFood Stamp
Households: Fiscal Year 2000 and Trends in Food Stamp Program
Participation: 1994 to 1999.
The report Characteristics ofFood Stamp Households: Ftical Year
2000 is the most recent in a series providing information about the
demographic and economic circumstances of food stamp households.
The information is based on data collected by the Food Stamp Program
Quality Control System for fiscal year 2000.
The report Trends in Food Stamp Program Participation: 1994 to
1999 is the latest in a series of reports and memoranda providing the
latest data on the trends in Food Stamp Program participation rates
based on the March Current Population Survey. This report focuses on
changes in rates from 1994 to 1999. It shows that participation rates
fell by 17 percentage points between 1994 and 1999, from 74 percent
to 57 percent. Some of the information reported here was included in
the report The Decline in Food Stamp Participation: A Report to
Congress, issued in July 200 i.
If you have questions about the content of these reports or need
additional copies, please contact the following:
Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and Evaluation
Food and Nutrition Service
3101 Park Center Drive
Alexandria, Virginia 22302
Phone(703)305-2133
ENCLOSURE
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER 7!
Summary of Characteristics ofFood Stamp Households: Fiscal Year 2000
On average, about 17.2 million people living in 7.3 million households received food stamps
in the United States each month in FY 2000. Food stamp households are a diverse group.
Because food stamps are available to most low-income households with few resources,
regardless of age, disability status, or family structure, recipients represent a broad cross-section
of the nation's poor. This report provides summary information about the
demographic and economic circumstances of food stamp households.
• Most food stamp recipients are children or elderly. Over half (51 percent) are children
and another ten percent are age 60 or older. Working-age women represent 27 percent of
the caseload, while working-age men represent 11 percent.
• The majority of food stamp households do not receive cash welfare benefits. Nearly
a third (32 percent) received Supplemental Security Income. Over one quarter (26
percent) received TANF benefits. Over one quarter (26 percent) received Social Security
benefits. Eight percent had no cash income of any kind.
• Many food stamp recipients work. Over one fourth (27 percent) of food stamp
households have earnings. For these households, earnings are the primary source of
income.
• Food stamp households have little income. Only 11 percent are above the poverty line,
while 33 percent have incomes at or below half the poverty line. The typical food stamp
household had gross income of $620 per month and received a monthly food stamp
benefit of $ 158. Over one-fifth of monthly funds (cash income plus food stamps)
available to a typical household come from food stamps.
• Food stamp households possess few resources. The average food stamp household
possesses only about $156 in countable resources (including the non-excluded portion of
vehicles and the entire value of checking and savings accounts and other savings).
• Most food stamp households are small. The average food stamp household size was
2.3. but varied considerably by household composition. Households with children were
relatively large, averaging 3.4 members. Households with elderly members tended to be
smaller, with an average size of 1.3 people.
October 2001
USDA United States Food and
Department of Nutrition
Agriculture Service
October 2001
Food Stamp Program
Report No. FSP-01-CHAR
Characteristics of Food Stamp
Households: Fiscal Year 2000
Author:
Karen Cunnyngham
Submitted by:
Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.
600 Maryland Avenue, S.W., Suite 550
Washington, D.C. 20024-2512
Project Director: Carole Trippe
Submitted to:
Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation
USDA, Food and Nutrition Service
3101 Park Center Drive, Room 503
Alexandria, VA 22302-1500
Project Officer: Jenny Genser
This study was conducted under Contract number 53-3198-9-008 with the Food and Nutrition Service.
This report is available on the Food and Nutrition Service web site: http://www.fns.usda.gov/oane.
Suggested Citation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition and Evaluation,
Characteristics ofFood Stamp Households: Fiscal Year2000, FSP-01-CHAR, by Karen Cunnyngham.
Project Officer, Jenny Genser. Alexandria, VA: 2001.
W
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and
activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political
beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all
programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of
program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET
Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-
W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410 or
call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
This report was prepared by Karen Cunnyngham of Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., for the
U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and
Evaluation. Many individuals made important contributions to the report. The author thanks
Carole Trippe, Laura Castner, Scott Cody, and Randy Rosso for providing guidance and
reviewing the report, Daisy Ewell for providing programming support, Micki Morris for
preparing the manuscript, and Arnie Aldridge, Brianna Stanton, and Jaclyn Wong for their help
developing the index. The author also thanks Jenny Genser of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service for providing guidance and program information.
Author:
MPR Project Director:
MPR Project Number:
FNS Project Officer:
FNS Contract Number:
Karen Cunnyngham
Carole Trippe
8659-110
Jenny Genser
53-3198-9-008
October 2001
1/
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM 3
PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS 3
The Household 3
Income Eligibility Standards 3
Assets 5
Nonfinancial Eligibility Standards 6
APPLICATION PROCEDURES 7
BENEFIT COMPUTATION 7
FOOD STAMP ISSUANCE 8
PROGRAM CHANGES SINCE THE PREVIOUS FISCAL YEAR 8
FSP PARTICIPATION AND COSTS 8
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD STAMP HOUSEHOLDS AND
PARTICIPANTS 13
THE POVERTY STATUS OF FOOD STAMP HOUSEHOLDS 13
HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS 15
Households With Children 15
Households With Elderly People 19
Households With Disabled People 20
Other Households Served by the FSP 20
Single-Person Households 20
CHARACTERISTICS OF FSP PARTICIPANTS 20
CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF FOOD STAMP
HOUSEHOLDS 22
ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS 25
///
CONTENTS (continued)
Chapter Page
APPENDIX A: DETAILED TABLES OF FOOD STAMP HOUSEHOLD
CHARACTERISTICS 31
APPENDLX B: DETAILED TABLES OF FOOD STAMP HOUSEHOLDS
BY STATE 69
APPENDLX C: CHANGES TO THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM DUE TO
RECENT FEDERAL LEGISLATION 83
APPENDLX D: FISCAL YEAR 2000 FSP PARAMETERS AND MAXIMUM
BENEFIT AMOUNTS 91
APPENDLX E: SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES 99
APPENDLX F: SAMPLING ERROR OF ESTIMATES 105
APPENDLX G: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT 115
APPENDLX H: PREVIOUS REPORTS LN THIS SERIES 121
INDEX 125
VI
////
TABLES
Text Tables page
2.1 Major Economic Indicators, Calendar Years 1989-2000 11
3.1 Distribution of Households and Benefits by Income as a Percentage
of Poverty Guideline, Fiscal Year 2000 14
3.2 Effect of Food Stamp Benefits on the Poverty Status of Food Stamp
Households, Fiscal Year 2000 16
3.3 Household Composition and Selected Characteristics of Participating
Households, Fiscal Year 2000 17
3.4 Average Values of Selected Characteristics by Household Composition,
Fiscal Year 2000 18
3.5 Food Stamp Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic Characteristics,
Fiscal Year 2000 21
3.6 Average Nominal and Real Values of Selected Characteristics, Fiscal Year 1999
and Fiscal Year 2000 23
Appendix A Tables
Summary Characteristics
A-l Distribution of Participating Households, Persons, and Benefits by
Household Composition, Income Source, and Food Stamp Benefit Amount 33
A 2 Average Gross and Net Income, Total Deduction, Countable Resources,
Food Stamp Benefit, Household Size, and Certification Period of
Participating Households by Household Composition, Income Source,
and Food Stamp Benefit Amount 34
Income, Poverty Status, and Resources
A-3 Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons,
and Elderly or Disabled Persons by Amount of Gross and Net Income,
Countable Resources, and Gross and Net Income as a Percentage of Poverty
Guideline 35
Vll />
TABLES (continued)
Page
A-4 Distribution of Participating Households by Household Size and Amount
of Gross and Net Income, Countable Resources, and Gross and Net Income
as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline 36
A-5 Average Gross and Net Income, Average Gross and Net Income as a
Percentage of Poverty Guideline, and Average Countable Resources of
Participating Households by Household Composition and Size 37
A-6 Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons,
and Elderly or Disabled Persons by Type of Income 38
A-7 Average Income, Total Deduction, Food Stamp Benefit, and Household Size
of Participating Households by Type of Income 39
A-8 Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons,
and Eiderly or Disabled Persons by Earned and Unearned Income Amounts 40
FSP Deductions
A-9 Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Deduction and
Household Composition, Income Source, and Food Stamp Benefit Amount 42
A-10 Average Values of Deductions of Participating Households by Household
Composition, Income Source, and Food Stamp Benefit Amount 43
A-l 1 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics
and Amount of Deduction 44
A-12 Average Total Deduction for Participating Households by Amount of
Gross Income and Household Size 46
Food Stamp Benefit
A-13 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household
Characteristics and Food Stamp Benefit Amount, Food Stamp Benefit
as a Percentage of the Maximum Benefit, and Certification Period 47
A-14 Distribution of Participating Households by Income as a Percentage
of Poverty Guideline and Food Stamp Benefit as a Percentage of the Maximum 48
A-15 Average Food Stamp Benefit of Participating Households by Amount of
Gross Income and Household Size 49
Vlll X
TABLES (continued)
Page
A-16 Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Most Recent Action and
Expedited Service 50
Household Composition
A-17 Distribution of Participating Households, Persons, and Benefits by
Household Composition 51
A-18 Average Gross and Net Income, Total Deduction, Countable Resources,
Food Stamp Benefit, Household Size, and Certification Period of
Participating Households by Household Composition 52
A-19 Distribution of Participating Households by Income Type and Household
Composition 53
A-20 Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons,
and Disabled Persons by Selected Characteristics 54
A-21 Average Values of Selected Characteristics for Participating Households
With Children, Elderly Persons, and Disabled Persons 55
A-22 Distribution of Participating Households With Earned Income and Unearned
Income by Selected Characteristics 56
A-23 Average Values of Selected Characteristics for Participating Households
With Earned and Unearned Income 57
A-24 Distribution of Participating Households With Selected Household
Characteristics by the Race and Citizenship of the Household Head 58
A-25 Distribution of Participating Households With Selected Household
Characteristics by Selected Employment Characteristics 59
A-26 Distribution of Participating Households and Persons by Household Composition 60
A-27 Distribution of Participating Households by Household Size, Number of Elderly
Persons, Disabled Persons, Children, Preschool Age Children, and School Age
Children 61
Participants
A-28 Gender and Food Stamp Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic
Characteristic 62
IX XI
TABLES (continued)
Page
A-29 Distribution of Participants by Thrifty Food Plan Sex-Age Groups and Household
Size 63
A-30 Distribution of Household Heads, All Participants, and Nonelderly Adults
Participants by Work Registration Status and Employment Status 64
A-31 Distribution of Participants by Age-Related Characteristics 65
Survey Comparisons: Fiscal Years 1989 to 2000
A-32 Comparison of Participating Households With Key Food Stamp Household
Characteristics for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2000 66
A-33 Comparison of Average Nominal and Real Values of Key Food Stamp
Household Characteristics for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2000 67
A-34 Comparison of Number of Food Stamp Participants in Thousands
by Gender and Age for Fiscal Years 1989 to 2000 68
Appendix B Tables
B-l Distribution of Participating Households by State 71
B-2 Average Monthly Values of Selected Characteristics by State 72
B-3 Distribution of Participating Households by Poverty Status and by State 73
B-4 Distribution of Participating Households by Shelter-Related Characteristics
and by State 74
B-5 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Charade- sties and by
State 75
B-6 Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Income Sources and
by State 76
B-7 Average Monthly Values of Selected Income Sources by State 77
B-8 Distribution of Entrant Households With and Without Expedited Service
by State 78
B-9 Distribution of Participating Households by Race/Ethnic Origin of
Household Head and by State 79
Kii
TABLES (continued)
Page
B-10 Distribution of Participants by Age and by State 80
B-l 1 Distribution of Participants by Citizenship Status and State 81
B-12 Distribution of All Non-Citizen Alien FSP Participants by State and Age 82
Appendix D Tables
D-l HHS Poverty Income Guidelines for Fiscal Year 2000 FSP 93
D-2 FSP Maximum Allowable Gross Monthly Income Eligibility Standards in
Fiscal Year 2000 94
D-3 FSP Maximum Allowable Net Monthly Income Eligibility Standards in
Fiscal Year 2000 95
D-4 Value of Standard, Maximum Dependent-Care, and Excess Shelter Expense
Deductions in the Continental United States and Outlying Areas in Fiscal
Year 2000 96
D-5 Value of Maximum Food Stamp Benefit in the Continental United States
and Outlying Areas in Fiscal Year 2000 97
Appendix E Table
E Comparison of Calculated and Reported Values for Selected Variables of
Participating Households, Fiscal Year 2000 104
Appendix F Tables
F-1 Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of Food Stamp Households
(Thousands), Fiscal Year 2000 110
F-2 Design Effects (d) for Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers or Percentages
of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2000 111
F-3 Standard Errors of Estimated Means, Fiscal Year 2000 112
F-4 Range of Standard Errors of Mean Amounts Expressed as a Percentage of
the Mean Amount, Fiscal Year 2000 113
XI iiil
FIGURES
Text Figure
2.1 Food Stamp Program Participants, Unemployed Individuals, and
Individuals in Poverty (1984 - 2000)
Page
10
Appendix C Figure
Food Stamp Participants Affected By PRWORA's Work Requirement
And Time Limit 89
Xlll
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Food Stamp Program (FSP) provides millions of Americans with the means to purchase
food for a nutritious diet. The FSP is the largest of the 15 domestic food and nutrition assistance
programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service
(FNS). In an average month in fiscal year 2000, the FSP served approximately 17.2 million
people. This report presents the characteristics of food stamp households nationwide in fiscal
year 2000 (October 1999 to September 2000). This information on household characteristics
comes from FSP household data for fiscal year 2000 collected by FNS for quality control
purposes.
FSP Participation and Costs
In an average month in fiscal year 2000, the FSP provided benefits to approximately 17.2 million
people living in 7.3 million households across the United States. The total cost of the program
over fiscal year 2000 was $17.1 billion, $15.0 billion of which were for food stamp benefits.
The average monthly food stamp benefit in fiscal year 2000 was $158 per household. Compared
with fiscal year 1999, the number of FSP participants decreased by 6 percent and FSP benefit
costs decreased by 5 percent.
Characteristics of Food Stamp Households and Participants
In fiscal year 2000, slightly over half of all food stamp participants were children, 39 percent
were nonelderly adults, and 10 percent were elderly people. About 68 percent of the children
were school age, and 70 percent of adult participants were women.
Approximately 89 percent of food stamp households lived in poverty, as measured by the fiscal
year 2000 federal poverty guidelines issued by the Department of Health and Human Services
(see Appendix D). Food stamp benefits were concentrated among poorer households—33
percent of all food stamp households had a gross income less than or equal to half of the poverty
guideline, and these households received 54 percent of all benefits. If the value of food stamps is
included as income, 6 percent of all food stamp households moved above the poverty guideline
as a result of receiving food stamps, and 16 percent moved from below to above half of the
poverty guideline.
Of all food stamp households, 89 percent contained either a child or an elderly or disabled
person, and these households received 91 percent of all benefits. Households with children
received a relatively large average monthly food stamp benefit ($234), reflecting their larger
household size. The average household with children had 3.4 people compared with an average
The figure of 17.2 million people is based on FNS administrative records. The participant
count of 17.1 million cited later in the report and the other figures provided throughout the report
are estimates from the Food Stamp Program Quality Control (FSPQC) sample. For an
explanation of the difference in the counts see Appendix E.
xv
of 2.3 people for all households. Most of the food stamp households with children were single-adult
households. Almost half of these single-adult households with children received support
from Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). About 43 percent of all food stamp
households with children had earned income; 39 percent of single-adult households with children
and 65 percent of married-couple households with children had earnings. Twelve percent of all
households with children had both TANF and earned income.
Households with an elderly member received a relatively small average monthly food stamp
benefit ($59), reflecting their relatively small average size (1.3). Almost 80 percent of food
stamp households with an elderly member consisted of an elderly person living alone. These
individuals received an average monthly benefit of $44 compared with average monthly benefits
of $116 for households with elderly people not living alone and $184 for households without any
elderly.
xvi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
The Food Stamp Program (FSP) is a central component of America's anti-poverty program. The
stated purpose of the FSP is "to permit low-income households to obtain a more nutritious diet
by increasing their purchasing power" (The Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, P.L. 95-113).
The FSP is the largest of the domestic food and nutrition assistance programs administered by
the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). According to FNS
administrative records, during fiscal year 2000, the FSP served approximately 17.2 million
people in an average month at a total cost of $17.1 billion, $15.0 billion of which were for food
stamp benefits.
The FSP is the only low-income assistance program available nationwide to essentially all
financially needy households because it imposes few nonfinancial categorical criteria.1 The FSP
provides benefits electronically or through coupons. These benefits can be redeemed for food in
approximately 155,000 authorized stores across the nation.
Federal, state, and local governments share the costs and administration of the FSP. Congress
authorizes the program and appropriates necessary funds. The Department of Agriculture
establishes program regulations under the Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended. FNS
administers the FSP nationally, while state and local welfare agencies operate the program
locally. The federal government fully funds the benefits of the FSP. Administrative costs are
shared by the cooperating agencies, with FNS usually paying 50 percent of the costs.
Since food stamps are available to most people who meet the income and resource standards set
by Congress, the FSP serves a broad spectrum of the needy population. Using FSP household
data collected periodically for quality control review, FNS sponsors several analyses to enhance
its understanding of the people served by the FSP. The agency also produces a series of reports
to document these analyses (see Appendix H for a list of titles). This report presents a picture of
households and individuals participating in the FSP in fiscal year 2000.
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the FSP, including the regulations used to determine
eligibility and benefits, and the factors that affect program participation and costs, such as trends
in the national economy. Chapter 3 describes the characteristics of individuals and households
participating in the FSP in fiscal year 2000. The appendices include detailed tabulations of
household and participant characteristics for the nation and by state; details of changes brought
about by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
(PRWORA), the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, and the Agricultural Research, Extension and
Education Reform Act of 1998 (AREERA); and a brief description of the sample design and the
sampling error associated with the estimates presented in the report.
The FSP eligibility requirements include nonfinancial categorical criteria for certain groups.
Specifically, many able-bodied, childless adults and legal permanent resident aliens are ineligible
for food stamps. See Appendix C for more details on these individuals.
A nn?lM
CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM
The characteristics of food stamp households and the level of FSP participation change over time
in response to legislative changes to the FSP as well as economic and demographic trends. This
chapter explains FSP eligibility requirements, application procedures, benefit computation, and
food stamp issuance. The chapter concludes with a summary of program participation and costs,
including a discussion of how these costs are related to the economy in fiscal year 2000.
PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
The Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, establishes uniform national eligibility standards for
the FSP and defines the basic FSP unit as the "household." The eligibility criteria include gross
and net income limits, an asset limit, and various nonfinancial criteria. There are exceptions to
these criteria for certain high-cost areas, such as Alaska and Hawaii, and for certain individuals
such as elderly people (age 60 and over) and people with disabilities.
The Household
Under FSP rules, a household is defined as individuals who live in a residential unit and
purchase and prepare food together. The income and assets of each household member are
aggregated to determine eligibility and benefits. Individuals who live together in a residential
unit but do not purchase and prepare food together can apply as separate household units and
their income and assets are considered separately in eligibility and benefit determinations.
People who are elderly and disabled and cannot prepare and purchase food because of a
substantial disability may apply as a separate household as long as the gross monthly income of
the remainder of their residential unit is less than 165 percent of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services poverty guidelines.1
Income Eligibility Standards
Monthly income is the most important determinant of household eligibility. The majority of
households that apply for food stamps must meet two income eligibility standards: a gross
income standard and a net income standard.
Federal poverty guidelines for many assistance programs are established annually by the
Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The FSP used 1999 poverty
guidelines (published in the March 18, 1999 Federal Register) for all fiscal year 2000 income
eligibility tests. These guidelines were developed on the basis of the 1998 Census poverty
thresholds inflated to 1999 using the CPI-U. This means that the income eligibility tests applied
to food stamp households in fiscal year 2000 are based on 1998 poverty measures inflated to
1999. See Appendix D for a listing of the fiscal year 2000 FSP poverty guidelines.
As defined in the Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, gross income includes most cash income
(with the exception of specific types of income such as loans) and excludes most noncash
income, or in-kind benefits. To be eligible for the FSP, a household without an elderly or
disabled member must have a monthly gross income that is at or below 130 percent of the
poverty guideline ($1,810 for a family of four in the contiguous United States in fiscal year
2000). Households with elderly or disabled members are not subject to the gross income
standard. Net income is determined by subtracting deductions permitted under the FSP from
monthly gross income. The FSP deducts the following from a household's gross monthly income
to arrive at the net monthly income:2
• Standard Deduction. All households automatically receive a standard deduction,
equal to $134 in the contiguous United States in fiscal year 2000. The standard
deduction for outlying states and territories varies to reflect price differences between
these areas and the contiguous United States (Appendix D).
• Earned Income Deduction. Households with earnings receive a deduction equal to
20 percent of the combined earnings of household members.
• Dependent-Care Deduction. Households with dependents receive a deduction for
expenses involved in caring for children and other dependents while other household
members work, seek employment, or go to school. The maximum dependent-care
deduction in fiscal year 2000 was $200 per month per dependent under age 2 and
$175 per month per dependent age 2 or older (Appendix D).
• Medical Deduction. A medical deduction is available only to households that contain
elderly or disabled members. These households can deduct combined out-of-pocket
medical costs exceeding $35 that are incurred on behalf of elderly or disabled
members of the household. Medical expenses reimbursed by insurance or
government programs are not deductible.
• Child Support Payment Deduction. Households can deduct legally obligated child
support payments made to or for a nonhousehold member.
• Excess Shelter Expense Deduction. A household is entitled to a deduction equal to
shelter costs (such as rent, mortgage payments, utility bills, property taxes, and
insurance) that exceed 50 percent of its countable income after all other potential
deductions are subtracted from gross income. The limit on the excess shelter expense
deduction for households without elderly or disabled members was $275 in the
contiguous United States in fiscal year 2000. Households that contain elderly or
disabled members are entitled to subtract the full value of shelter costs that exceed 50
percent of their adjusted income. The limit on the excess shelter expense deduction
^here is a distinction between a household's deduction entitlement and the amount actually
used to compute food stamp benefits. The entitlement is the deduction that a household receives
if the total of allowable deductions is less than the household's gross income. Because net
income cannot be less than zero, households with total deductions greater than their gross
income can only claim a portion of their deduction entitlement.
for outlying states and territories varies to reflect price differences between these
areas and the contiguous United States (Appendix D).3
To be eligible for the FSP, a household must have a net monthly income at or below 100 percent
of the poverty guideline ($1,392 for a family of four in the contiguous United States in fiscal
year 2000). The gross and net income eligibility standards vary by household size, as well as for
residents of Alaska and Hawaii (see Appendix D). A household is exempt from these income
tests (as we ,\ as the asset test described below) if all of its members receive General Assistance,
Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or cash or in-kind Temporary Assistance to Needy
Families (TANF) benefits.4
Assets
The second most important determinant of FSP eligibility is a household's assets. Households
are permitted up to $2,000 in countable assets, or $3,000 in countable assets if at least one
member is age 60 or older. Countable assets include cash, assets that can easily be converted
into cash (such as money in checking or savings accounts, savings certificates, stocks or bonds,
or lump-sum payments), and some nonliquid resources such as vehicles. However, certain types
of property such as family homes, tools of a trade, or business property used to earn income are
not counted.
Certain vehicles are also not counted as assets for the purpose of determining eligibility. Any
vehicle used as a home, to produce income, or as a means to transport disabled people is not
included. Vehicles used for other purposes are counted in the following way: for the first
vehicle and any additional vehicles used to commute to work or qualifying job training
programs, any fair market value exceeding $4,650 is counted toward the asset limit; for all other
vehicles, the higher of either any fair market value in excess of $4,650 or any equity (fair market
value minus remaining liens) is counted.5
3The FY 2001 Agricultural Appropriations Act raised the limit on the excess shelter expense
deduction to $340, effective March 1, 2001, and indexed it to inflation increases in subsequent
years.
Benefits for these categorically eligible households are determined according to the same
rules used for other eligible households.
5Since the period covered by this report, the treatment of vehicles has changed. New
regulations implemented in January 2001 excluded from the asset test any vehicle with equity
below $1500 and eliminated the equity test for virtually all other vehicles. In addition, the FY
2001 Agricultural Appropriations Act, enacted in September 2000, flowed States to use TANF
vehicle rules in place of food stamp rules if the TANF rules were more generous. Both of these
changes were designed to make it easier for low-income workers to keep a car and still receive
food stamps.
5
Nonfinancial Eligibility Standards
The FSP has some nonfinancial eligibility standards, such as restrictions on the participation of
students, strikers, and people who are institutionalized. In addition, the Personal Responsibility
and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) made most legal permanent
resident aliens (PRAs) ineligible for benefits and imposed work registration requirements and
time limits on able-bodied adults living in households without children.
PRAs with 40 quarters of work in the United States were exempted from the alien restrictions on
FSP participation. Veterans and PRAs who were serving in the U.S. Armed Forces were also
exempted along with their spouses and minor children. In addition, PRAs who were accorded
refugee, asylee or deportee status were exempted from the restrictions for five years after they
entered the country. Effective November 1, 1998, the Agricultural Research, Extension and
Education Reform Act of 1998 (AREERA) restored eligibility to PRAs who were in the United
States when PRWORA was enacted and were over 65 on August 22, 1996, or are currently under
age 18 or disabled. The Act also extended the eligibility period for refugees, asylees, and
deportees from five to seven years.
Certain other aliens, such as Hmong or Highland Laotians, American Indians boai in Canada,
and battered spouses and children, may be eligible, as well. Additionally, PRAs who became
naturalized U.S. citizens are eligible.6
Able-bodied adults living in households without children can receive benefits only if they work
or participate in work-related activities. With certain exceptions, those who do not meet these
work requirements are restricted to 3 months of food stamp benefits in any 36-month period.
Participants age 18 to 49 are subject to this time limit unless they meet one of the following
conditions:
People who are disabled
People who are mentally or physically unfit for employment
Women who are pregnant
People needed in the home to care for an ill or incapacitated person
Relatives or other caretakers of dependent children
Students meeting FSP eligibility requirements
People who work at least 20 hours per week
People who receive unemployment compensation
People complying with work requirements under another program
People participating in a drug or alcohol rehabilitation program
People participating in a work experience program
See Appendix C for more details on alien eligibility.
APPLICATION PROCEDURES
To apply for food stamps, individuals are required to appear in person at their local food stamp
office. However, elderly and disabled people, and people who have transportation problems can
be interviewed by telephone or at their home. All states must allow individuals to apply for food
stamps when they apply for TANF or SSI benefits.
The Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, requires that local offices process applications for
food stamps within 30 days after they are received. However, applications from households with
extremely low income or resources can be processed more quickly through the expedited food
stamp eligibility verification procedures, allowing people to receive food stamp benefits within
seven days after they apply. Those eligible for expedited service include (1) migrant or seasonal
farm workers with assets equal to or less than $100, and (2) households with gross income equal
to or less than $150 and assets equal to or less than $100.
FSP participants are required to appear in person at their local food stamp offices periodically for
recertification. The certification period varies according to the likelihood of a change in a food
stamp household's financial circumstances. In fiscal year 2000, food stamp households were
certified for food stamps for an average of almost 10 months.
BENEFIT COMPUTATION
After a household is certified for food stamps, its monthly food stamp benefit is computed on the
basis of its net monthly income, the benefit reduction rate, and the maximum food stamp benefit
for its household size and location. The maximum benefit to which a household is entitled is
based on the June cost of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) for a family of four, adjusted for
household size and geographic areas outside the contiguous United States. The cost of the TFP
is based on an economical and nutritious diet, adjusted for household size and composition.
Maximum benefits are revised annually to reflect changes in the cost of the foods in the TFP. As
specified in the Food Stamp Act of 1977, as amended, the maximum benefit was 100 percent of
the TFP through 1988, 100.65 percent in 1989, 102.05 percent in 1990, 103 percent from 1991
through 1996, and 100 percent of the TFP beginning in 1997.7 In fiscal year 2000 the maximum
monthly benefit for a family of four in the contiguous United States was $426 (Appendix D).
The benefit reduction rate is the .ate at which be .efits are reduced for every additional dollar of
net income. The benefit reduction rate is 30 percent, reflecting the assumption that a household
will spend 30 percent of its net income on food and that the FSP will provide the difference
between that amount and the maximum benefit. Thus, benefits are reduced by 30 cents for every
additional dollar of net income.
A household's monthly food stamp benefit is computed by subtracting 30 percent of its net
income from the maximum benefit. If a household has zero net income, it receives the maximum
7In 1993, the Act was amended to require that 1993 maximum benefit amounts in the
contiguous United States remain constant at 1992 values despite a drop in the value of the TFP in
June 1992. In 1995, legislation was adopted to freeze maximum benefit amounts for Alaska at
their 1994 levels.
7
food stamp benefit. All eligible one- and two-person households are guaranteed a minimum
benefit of at least $10 per month (except during the initial month of participation). For new
participants, benefits are prorated for the first month.
FOOD STAMP ISSUANCE
State and local food stamp offices issue food stamp benefits in five main ways:
• On-Line Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT). participant receives a "debit" card,
similar to a bank card, which is used to purchase food at authorized retail stores. The
household's monthly benefit is electronically transferred to an account created
specifically for FSP benefits. When a purchase is made, the amount of the purchase
is debited from the account.
• Off-Line Electronic Benefit Transfer. Two states (Ohio and Wyoming) issue "smart
cards." Unlike on-line electronic benefit transfer cards, these cards contain food
stamp benefit information in a chip on the card.
• ATP Card. An authorization-to-participate identification card is mailed to the
participant each month; the participant then exchanges the card for food stamps at an
authorized issuance office.
• Mail. State and local offices mail the food stamps directly to the participant.
• Manually. The participant goes directly to the food stamp office for coupons.
By the end of Fiscal Year 2000, EBT projects operated statewide in 37 states and in parts of
five others. More than three-fourths of all food stamp benefits were issued through EBT.
PROGRAM CHANGES SINCE THE PREVIOUS FISCAL YEAR
Effective July 1999, categorical eligibility was expanded to include households in which all
members are authorized to receive benefits from means-tested programs funded over 50 percent
by TANF and/or State Maintenance of Effort (MOE) funds. At a State's option, other programs
that further the purposes of welfare reform may also be used to confer categorical eligibility.
Thus, a family who leaves welfare to work but still receives transitional assistance, such as child
care subsidies or transportation assistance, may still be considered categorically eligible for the
FSP. States began implementing expanded definitions of categorical eligibility throughout Fiscal
Year 2000.
FSP PARTICIPATION AND COSTS
After declining slowly from 1983 through 1989, FSP participation grew substantially during the
early 1990s. As illustrated in Figure 2.1, FSP participation increased by 37 percent from fiscal
year 1990 through fiscal year 1994. Since peaking at 28.0 million people in March 1994, the
8
number of FSP participants declined steadily through July 2000. There were 17.5 million
participants at the beginning of fiscal year 2000, 16.9 million in July 2000 and 17.0 million at the
end of fiscal year 2000. Thus, FSF participation declined by 39 percent from the 1994 peak to
the end of fiscal year 2000.
The decline in FSP participation was caused by several factors. Part of the decline is associated
with the improved economy in the second half of the 1990's. Major economic indicators
generally showed improvement from 1994 to 1998 (Table 2.1). However, participation fell more
sharply than expected during this period of sustained economic growth. Recent research suggests
that about a third of the total decline in FSP participation occurred because rising income and
assets lifted people above the program's eligibility limits Another eight percent of the decline
reflects welfare reform's restrictions on the eligibility of non-citizens and limits on the time
during which childless able-bodied unemployed adults can receive benefits. The remainder of
the decline—just over half—occurred because fewer eligible people participated in the program.8
Total FSP costs decreased from $17.7 billion in fiscal yvar 1999 to $17.1 billion in fiscal year
2000. The reduction in costs occurred in part because of the reduction in the FSP caseload and
in part because the average monthly benefit fell from $69 per person in fiscal year 1999 to $68
per person in fiscal year 20CO. The total cost of the FSP in fiscal year 2000 included $15.0
billion in benefits and $2.1 billion in other costs, including the federal share of state
administrative costs and employment and training programs, printing and processing, anti-fraud
funding, and program evaluation.
See Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, The Decline in Food Stamp Participation: A
Report to Congress, July 2001.
FIGURE 2.1
FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS,
UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS AND INDIVIDUALS IN POVERTY
(1984-2000)
Millions
Year
•Annual values. Source: Bureau of the Census. Poverty in the United States: 1,99, Series P6O-210
'Average monthly values Source: Food and Nutrition Service, Fiscal Years 1985-2000 FSP Participation
and Issuance.
'Average monthly values. Source: Economic Report of the President. 2001 Table B-36.
10
BLANK
PAGE
Table 2.1-Major Economic Indicators, Calendar Years 1989-2000
Calendar Year
Economic Indicator 1989 1990 1991 1992 993 1994 1995 19% 1997 1998 1999 2000
Real GDP Increase" 3.5
1.0
5.3
3.8
9.3
31,528
12.8
1.8
1.3
5.6
3.9
9.3
33,585
13.5
-0.5
II
6.8
3.6
8.8
35,708
14.2
3.0
3.9
7.5
2.4
1.1
38,014
14.8
2.7
69
2.4
7.2
39.265
15.1
4.0
1.3
6.1
2.1
8.0
38,059
14.5
2.7
0.7
S.6
2.2
7.6
36.425
13.8
3.6
2.8
5.4
1.9
7.4
36.529
13.7
4.4
2.3
4.9
1.9
7.3
35,574
13.3
4.4
2.8
4.5
1.3
6.5
34.476
12.7
4.2
2.8
4.2
1.5
7.1
32,258
11.8
5.0
4.2
4.0
2.0
7.6
31,139
11.3
Productivity Increase*
Unemployment Ratec
Inflation Rated
Interest Rate'
Individuals Below 100
Percent of Poverty Line
Number in Thousands...
Percentage of Total
Population
' Percent change from preceding year.
b Percent change from preceding year in output per hour, business sector.
' Unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
d Percentage change from preceding year in the implicit price deflator for Gross Domestic Product.
'Corporate Aaa bond yield.
Sources:
First line of data: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts
Second line of data: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Major Sector Productivity and Costs Index."
Third line of data: Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Fourth line of data: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts
Fifth line of data: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Sixth and Seventh lines of data: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Poverty in the United Slates.
/I
'A Rn f!\ npri7 r^n
CHAPTER 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD STAMP
HOUSEHOLDS AND PARTICIPANTS
The FSP serves the nutritional needs of a broad spectrum of low-income Americans.1 In an
average month in fiscal year 2000, the FSP provided benefits to 17.1 million people living in 7.3
million households. Almost all food stamp households lived in poverty (according to the
federal poverty guidelines for program eligibility in fiscal year 2000). The vast majority of food
stamp households contained either a child (under age 18), an elderly person (over age 59), or a
disabled person. The average food stamp household received an average monthly food stamp
benefit of $158, had an average gross monthly income of $620, had an average net monthly
income of $355, and was entitled to an average total deduction of $298 per month (Tables 3.4
and 3.6).3 The average household size was 2.3 people. Compared with fiscal year 1999, the
number of FSP participants decreased by 6 percent and FSP benefit costs decreased by 5 percent.
This chapter discusses the composition and economic status of food stamp households, the
characteristics of food stamp participants, and the changes in the characteristics of food stamp
households from fiscal year 1999 through fiscal year 2000.
THE POVERTY STATUS OF FOOD STAMP HOUSEHOLDS4
The FSP provides benefits to households in need. In fiscal year 2000, the gross monthly income
of 89 percent of food stamp households was less than or equal to 100 percent of the federal
poverty guideline (Table 3.1).5 The gross monthly income of almost three-fifths of all food
stamp households was less than or equal to 75 percent of the poverty guideline, and the income
of one-third of all food stamp households was less than or equal to 50 percent of the guideline.
The information in this chapter and the estimates in Appendices A and B are based on a
sample of 46,963 households that participated in the FSP in fiscal year 2000. The sample was
drawn from food stamp households in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, and the
Virgin Islands. Households in Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands were not included
in the sample because Puerto Rico has its own Nutritional Assistance Program, which replaced
the FSP there in July 1982, and the Northern Mariana Islands participate in another block grant
program instead of the FSP.
^he estimate of 17.1 million participants differs slightly from the number of food stamp
participants according to FNS administrative iecords (17.2 million people) because the sample
estimate is weighted by households rather than by individuals (see Appendix E).
TTiis estimate reflects the entire deduction to which households are entitled. Because
households cannot deduct more than their gross income, this figure is greater than the average
deduction actually received by households.
For more information on the economic status of food stamp households, see Appendix
Tables A-3 through A-8.
5See Appendix Table D-l for the poverty guidelines.
13
Table 3.1- Distribution of Households and Their Benefits by Income as a
Percentage of Poverty Guideline, Fiscal Year 2000
Gross Income is a
ntage of Poverty Guideline*
Percentage of:
Pera All Households All Benefits
Total 100.0
16.8
16.2
25.3
30.3
10.4
1.0
100.0
26.9
26 - 50% 26.8
51. 75% 26.3
76 - 100* 15.7
4.1
0.2
' Denned as the fiscal year 2000 poverty guidelines published by the Department of
Health and Human Services (see Appendix D).
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
14
The FSP effectively targets benefits to the most needy households; poorer households receive
larger food stamp benefits than do households with more income. The 33 percent of all food
stamp households that had a gross monthly income less than or equal to 50 percent of the poverty
guideline in fiscal year 2000 received 54 percent of all benefits. In contrast, the 11 percent of
households with a gross monthly income over the poverty guideline received only 4 percent of
all benefits.
The impact of food stamps on a household's purchasing power is estimated by adding the dollar
value of the food stamps to household income and examining the distribution of households by
poverty status.6 As shown in Table 3.2, the combination of cash and food stamps yields a
significantly different distribution of food stamp households by poverty status. Specifically,
when food stamps are included in gross income, the resulting increase in income of food stamp
households was enough to move 6 percent of them above the poverty guideline. Food stamp
benefits had an ever, greater impact on the poorest food stamp households, moving 16 percent of
them above 50 percent of the poverty guideline.
HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS7
The FSP effectively serves many households that contain people with special needs—children,
elderly, or disabled people. In fiscal year 2000, 89 percent of all food stamp households
contained a child, an elderly person, or a disabled person. These households received 91 percent
of all food stamp benefits (Table A-17).
Households with Children
In fiscal year 2000, the FSP served approximately 4.0 million households with children each
month, representing more than half (54 percent) of all households (Table 3.3). These households
constituted 86 percent of all food stamp households with earnings. Twelve percent of all
households with children received a combination of TANF and earnings (Table A-6). Compared
with other food stamp households, those that contained children received a relatively high
average food stamp benefit of $234 per month (Table 3.4). This relatively high benefit primarily
reflects the fact that the average household size among food stamp households with children (3.4
people) was larger than the average household size among all food stamp households (2.3
people).
Children who received food stamps in fiscal year 2000 tended to live in households that were
headed by a single adult. Sixty-eight percent of all food stamp households with children were
headed by a single adult, representing 37 percent of all food stamp households (Table 3.3).
^is comparison assumes that program participants value their food stamp benefits at face
value.
7See Appendix fables A-3, A-6, 4-11, A-13, A-14, A-17, A-18, A20 - A-22, and A-28 for
more details concerning these households.
15
Table 3J-Efltet Of Food SUmp Benefits On The Poverty Status Of Food Stamp Households, Fiscal Year 2000
Distribution of Households in
Relation to Poverty Guideline
Gross Income as a
Percentage of
Poverty Guideline" Based on Cash Only
Based on Cash
and Food Stamps
Difference in
Percentage
Points
J
100%
33.4
55.4
11.2
100%
17.9
64.6
17.5
0
-15.5
9.2
6.3
' Defined as the fiscal year 2000 poverty guidelines published by the Department of Health and Human Services (see
Appendix D).
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
16
BLANK
PAGE
Table 3J-- Household Composition and Selected Characteristics of Participating Households, Fiscal Year 2000
Households With:
Total*
Children')
Single-Adult Household
Mulnple-Adult Household
Married Couple Household
Other Multiple-Adult Household
Children Only
Unknown
Elderly
Living Alone
Not Living Alone
->J Disabled
Living Alone
Not Living Alone
Other Households
Single-Person Household
Multi-Person Household
All Households
Number
(000)
7.335
3,955
2,704
867
573
294
382
1
1,542
1,226
316
2.017
1,154
863
837
774
64
Percent
100.0
53.9
369
11.8
7.8
40
5.2
0.0
210
16.7
4.3
27.5
15.7
11.8
11.4
10 5
0.9
Households With
Earned Income
Number
(000)
1.993
1.707
1.049
525
371
154
132
0
54
23
30
202
71
131
167
136
31
Percent
1000
85.6
52.7
263
18.6
7.7
6.6
0.0
2.7
1.2
1.5
10.1
3.5
6.6
8.4
6.8
1.6
Social Security
Number
(000)
1,870
360
239
112
71
42
9
1,068
866
202
836
536
300
0
0
Percent
1000
193
128
6.0
3.8
2.2
0.5
57.1
46.3
10 8
44.7
28.6
16.1
0.0
0.0
TANF
Number
(000)
1.891
1.842
1.332
290
162
128
220
0
49
1
48
379
2
377
38
28
9
Percent
1000
974
704
15.3
8.6
6.7
11.6
0.0
26
0.1
2.5
20 1
0.1
19.9
20
15
0.5
General Assistance
Number
(000)
395
37
24
12
8
4
2
79
62
17
79
55
24
232
225
7
Percent
100.0
9.3
60
29
2.0
1.0
0.4
19 9
15.7
4.2
200
13 9
6.0
586
56.9
1.8
SSI
Number
(000)
2,324
622
421
192
113
79
10
0
914
723
191
1.634
895
740
0
0
Percent
1000
268
181
8.3
49
34
0.4
0.0
39.3
31.1
8.2
70 3
38.5
31.8
0.0
0.0
1 The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the characteristics.
b Household composition categories are based on characteristics of participating individuals only, and do not factor in characteristics of nonparticipanls who may live in the same household with the
participants. For example, single-adult households have exactly one participating adult and at least one participating child, but may have one or more nonparticipating adult or an adult participating in a
separate case not included in the FSPQC sample.
■ Households not containing children, elderly persons, or disabled persons.
" No sample households are found in this category.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
'7
Table 3.4-- Average Values of Selected Characteristics by Household Composition, Fiscal Year 2000
Households With;
Total
Children'
Single-Adult Household
Multiple-Adult Household
Married Couple Household
Other Multiple Adult Household
Children Only
Unknown
Elderly
Living Alone
Not Living Alone
Disabled
Living Alone
Not Living Alone
Other Householdsb
Single-Person Household
Multi-Person Household
Average Values
Gross
Monthly
Income
(Dollars)
S20
727
667
1031
1081
933
465
675
617
564
821
711
565
906
192
170
462
Net
Monthly
Income
(Dollars)
355
436
387
678
715
606
233
399
356
308
546
440
294
635
57
45
202
Monthly
Food Sump
Benefit
(Dollars)
158
234
230
271
269
276
174
333
59
44
116
99
47
169
121
116
189
Household
Size
(Persons)
2.3
3 4
3.2
4.5
46
4.4
21
4.3
1.3
1.0
24
2.0
1.0
3.3
1.1
1.0
2.1
» Household composition categories are based on characteristics of participating individuals only, and do not factor in
characteristics of nonparticipants who may live in the same household with the participants. For example, single-adult
Households have exactly one participating adult and at least one participating child, but may have one or more
nonpamcipating adult or an adult participating in a separate case not included in the FSPQC sample
b Households not containing children, elderly persons, or disabled persons
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Sump Program Quality Control sample
18
Almost half (49 percent) of these single-adult food stamp households received TANF, 39 percent
had earnings, and 16 percent received SSI. In addition, 15 percent received child support, and 6
percent had no income.
Eight percent of food stamp households contained married couples and children, representing 14
percent of all food stamp households with children. Of all married-couple households with
children, 65 percent had earned income and 28 percent received TANF (Table 3.3).
The characteristics of married-couple households with children varied considerably from those
of single-adult households with children. The average monthly food stamp benefit for single-adult
households was lower than that of married-couple households ($230 versus $269) due to
the smaller size of single-adult households (Table 3.4). The per capita benefit was higher for
people in single-adult households than for people in married-couple households ($72 versus $58)
in part because single-adult households were poorer. Single-adult households with children had
a substantially lower gross monthly income ($667 versus $1,081).
Households with Elderly People
In fiscal year 2000, the FSP served an average of 1.5 million households containing elderly
people (age 60 or older) each month, representing 21 percent of all households (Table 3.3).
These households received an average food stamp benefit of $59 per month and had an average
household size of 1.3 people (Table 3.4).
Elderly people who received food stamps tended to live alone and thus received relatively small
food stamp benefits. In fiscal year 2000, 80 percent of all food stamp households with elderly
members were single-person households (Table 3.3). These households received an average
food stamp benefit of $44 per month compared with $116 in benefits for households with elderly
people not living alone and $184 for households without elderly members (Tables 3.4 and A-2).
The average size of households containing elderly people not living alone was 2.4 people.
A majority of food stamp households that contained elderly people received SSI or Social
Security income. In fiscal year 2000, 59 percent of all food stamp households with elderly
members received SSI and 69 percent received Social Security (Table 3.3). Thirty-four percent
of households with elderly members received both SSI and Social Security income (Table A-6).
Food stamp households with elderly members represented 39 percent of all food stamp
households with SSI and 57 percent of food stamp households with Social Security income.
19
Households with Disabled People
In fiscal year 2000, the FSP served an average of 2.0 million households containing disabled
people (Table 3.3).8 Households that contain disabled people represented 28 percent of all food
stamp households and received an average monthly food stamp benefit of $99 (Table 3.4).
About 57 percent of food stamp households that contained disabled people were single-person
households (Table 3.3). Households containing a disabled person living alone received a lower
average monthly food stamp benefit than did households containing disabled people not living
alone ($47 compared with $169) (Table 3.4). Once again, the difference in benefits between the
two groups reflects differences in average household size. Disabled people who did not live
alone lived in households with an average of 3.3 individuals.
Other Households Served by the FSP
The FSP serves needy households other than those that contain children, elderly people, or
disabled people. In fiscal year 2000, 11 percent of all food stamp households consisted solely of
one or more nonelderly, nondisabled adults (Table 3.3). These households tended to be single-person
households (92 percent) and represented the majority (59 percent) of households that
received General Assistance. They received an average food stamp benefit of $121 per month
(Table 3.4).
Single-Person Households
Of all food stamp households in fiscal year 2000, 43 percent were individuals who lived alone.
These households received an average monthly food stamp benefit of $65. Most of these
individuals (62 percent) were female, and 39 percent were elderly. Compared with all food
stamp households, a relatively small proportion of food stamp participants living alone had
earned income (9 percent), and a relatively high proportion had zero gross income (12 percent)
(Tables A-4, A-5, A-15, A-20, A-22 and A-29).
CHARACTERISTICS OF FSP PARTICIPANTS
The FSP serves a broad spectrum of individuals. In fiscal year 2000, 51 percent of FSP
participants were children (younger than 18 years old), and they received 53 percent of pro-rated
FSP benefits (Table 3.5). Over two-thirds of the children served by the FSP were school age (age
5 to 17). Thirty-nine percent of participants were nonelderly adults (age 18 to 59), and 10 percent
were elderly adults. Seventy percent of nonelderly adults and 71 percent of elderly adults were
8In this report, disabled children are defined as individuals under age 18 who are receiving
SSI. Disabled adults are defined as individuals age 62 to 64 who receive SSI or age 18 to 61
who receive SSI, Social Security, veterans' benefits, or other government benefits as a result of a
disability. Because individuals over age 64 can receive Social Security or SSI without being
disabled (age 61 for Social Security), disability status of adults over age 64 cannot be identified
accurately in the FSPQC sample.
20
Table 3.5 - Food Stamp Benefits of Participants by Selected Demographic Characteristics
Participant Characteristic
Total Participants
Number
(000)
Percent1
Pro-rated Benefitsb
Dollars
(000)
Percent
Total
Citizenship'
Citizen
Non-Citizen
Unknown
Able-bodied Adults Living In Households
Without Children and Subject to Work
Registration11
At.
Children
Preschool Age Children
0-1
2-4
School Age Children
5-7
HI
12-15
16-17
Nonelderly Adults (18-59) ...
Elderly Adults (60 or more)
Unknown Age
Disabled*
Children (0-17)
Nonelderly Adults (18-59)
Elderly Adults (60-64)
17.091
16.291
745
55
347
8.765
2.846
1.132
1.714
5.919
1.709
2.056
1.559
594
6.623
1.702
2
2.197
256
1.710
231
100 0
95.3
4.4
0.3
2.0
51.3
16.7
6.6
100
34.6
100
12.0
9.1
3.5
38.7
10.0
0.0
12.9
1.5
10.0
1.4
1.159.008
1.107.151
48.031
3.825
38.492
613.761
215.086
88,012
127.074
398.675
121.127
137.795
101.360
38394
470.141
74.945
159
104.401
12.345
81.671
10.384
100.0
955
4.1
0.3
3.3
53.0
18.6
7.6
11.0
34.4
10.5
11.9
8.7
3.3
406
6.5
0.0
9.0
1.1
7.0
0.9
' Percent of all participants.
Pro-rated benefits equal the benefits paid to households multiplied by the ratio of participants with selected
characteristic to total household size.
c Because of an administrative change in how citizenship data were collected in the FSPQC. naturalized citizens,
permanent resident aliens and individual classifications of permanent resident aliens cannot be identified. Citizenship
tables in this report contain information only for citizens and non-citizens and therefore are not directly comparable
with tables in Characteristics ofFood Stamp Households reports prior to the Fiscal Year 1999 edition.
These participants are zge 18-49. not disabled, not living with participating children under age 18. and not exempt
from work registration. With some exceptions (for example, those in waiver areas or receiving state exemptions), these
participants must meet work requirements or face time limits on benefit receipt. See Appendix C for more details on
work requirements and time limits
' Disability status of nonelderly adults age 18 to 64 is determined partially on the basis of SSI and Social Security
receipt. Because identifiers such as SSI and Social Security receipt are not valid indicators of disability for adults over
age 64 (Social Security is not a valid indicator after age 61). disability status of adults over age 04 cannot be identifed
accurately in the Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
21
female (Table A-28). The majority (67 percent) of nonelderly adult food stamp participants
lived in households with children—approximately 60 percent were single adults and 26 percent
were married adults (Table A-31). Thirteen percent of FSP participants were disabled.1
With the exception of certain groups of individuals, such as caretakers of small children and
people working at least 30 hours per week, able-bodied nonelderly adult food stamp participants
are required to register for work and accept suitable employment as a condition of receiving food
stamps. Like participants in the FSP, participants in other assistance programs often are required
to register for work. In fiscal year 2000, 14 percent of all food stamp household heads were
registered for work under the FSP or another assistance program (Table A-30).2 Most food
stimp household heads (78 percent) were exempt from work registration requirements. Twenty-nine
percent of household heads were exempt due to physical or mental disability, 15 percent
were exempt because they were caretakers of a child under age 6 or an incapacitated adult, and
10 percent were exempt because they were already employed full-time.
CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF FOOD STAMP
HOUSEHOLDS
The overall economic conditions of the average food stamp household improved slightly from
fiscal year 1999 to fiscal year 2000, although not as much as in previous years. While average
gross income decreased in real dollars from $603 in fiscal year 1999 to $600 in fiscal year 2000,
the average total deduction to which households are entitled decreased by 4 percent, resulting in
a 2 percent increase in real dollars in average net income (Table 3.6). The percentage of
households with zero net income decreased from 21 percent in fiscal year 1999 to 20 percent in
fiscal year 2000. The percentage of households with earnings remained fairly constant at 27
percent. The percentage of households receiving TANF dropped from 27 percent to 26 percent
as the percentage of all FSP households with children decreased from 56 percent to 54 percent
(Table A-3?).
The average food stamp benefit decreased in real dollars from $162 in fiscal year 1999 to $155
in fiscal year 2000. The real drop in the average monthly benefit reflects the real increase in net
income (Table 3.6).
'For more information on FSP participants and household heads, see Appendix Tables A-24
and A-28 through A-31.
2Reports in this series prior to summer 1989 included as work registrants only people
required to register for work under the FSP; the summer 1989 through fiscal year 1997 reports
include as work registrants food stamp participants registered for work under the FSP or for the
Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) program. Beginning with the fiscal year 1998 report,
work registrants include those registered for work under the FSP or any other assistance
program. For more information on the work registration status of food stamp participants and
household heads, see Appendix Table A-30.
22
Table 3.6 Nominal and Real Values of Selected Characteristics, Fiscal Year 1999 and Fiscal Year 2000
Nominal Values Real Values
Selected Characteristics Fiscal Year
1999
Fiscal Year
2000
Percentage
Change
Fiscal Year
2000
(in 1999 dollars)
Percentage
Change
Average Gross Income*
Per Household
Per Person
$603
317
$620
331
+2.8
+4.4
$600
320
-0.5
+ 1.0
Average Net Income"
Per Household
Per Person
338
165
355
178
+5.0
+7.9
343
172
+1.6
+4.4
Average Total Deduction* 299 298 -0.3 288 -3.6
Average Household Benefit1" 162 158 -2.5 155 -4.6
Maximum Coupon Benefit
for a Family of Four in the
Continents; U.S.b
419 426 +1.7 417 -0.6
Consumer Price Index
All Items
Food at Home
166.6
164.2
172.2
167.9
+3.4
+2.3
' Real values are in constant fiscal year 1999 dollars. Fiscal year 2000 values were deflated by the change in the CPI-U for all
items between fiscal year 1999 and fiscal year 2000 (3.4 percent).
b Real values are in constant fiscal year 1999 dollars. Fiscal year 2000 values were deflated by the change in the CPI-U for
food at home between fiscal year 1999 and fiscal year 2000 (2.3 percent).
Source of CPI-U average values: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Source of nominal values: Fiscal Year 1999 and Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control samples.
23
Jf
ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
P/
Ajo mmmi
ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS
ACRONYMS
AFDC -Aid to Families with Dependent
Children
AREERA -Agricultural Research, Extension
and Education Reform Act of 1998
E&T -Employment and Training Program
FNS -U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Food and Nutrition Service
FSP -Food Stamp Program
FSPQC -Food Stamp Program Quality
Control
GA -General Assistance
HHS -U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services
JOBS -Job Opportunities and Basic Skills
PRA -Permanent Resident Alien
PRWORA -Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of
1996
SSI -Supplemental Security Income
TANF -Temporary Assistance to Needy
Families
TFP -Thrifty Food Plan
UI -Unemployment Insurance
USDA -U.S. Department of Agriculture
DEFINITIONS
Alien. Participant who is a non-citizen, including
permanent residents, immigrants accorded
permanent resident status, refugees, individuals
granted political asylum, aliens granted a stay of
deportation, aliens residing in the United States
under color of law, nonimmigrants admitted for a
specified period, Mexican citizens with a
"border" card, and undocumented aliens. See also
Legal Immigrants, Other Alien, Permanent
Resident Alien.
Children. Individuals under age 18.
Child Support Payment Deduction. Deduction
for households with legally obligated child
support payments made to or for a non-household
member. See also Deductions.
Countable Resources. Cash on hand and assets
that can be converted easily to cash, such as
money in checking or savings accounts, savings
certificates, stocks or bonds, and lump sum
payments. They also include some nonliquid
assets, although the family home, one or more
family vehicles if necessary to transport disabled
individuals or to produce income, and business
tools or property are not counted. See also
Resource Limit.
Deductions. Allowable deductions from a
household's gross monthly income to arrive at
FSP net monthly income. The deductions shown
in the tables are those to which households were
entitled. Some of the deductions may not have
been used, however, before a household reached
zero net income status. Therefore, total
deductions do not equal the difference between
gross and net income amounts. See also Total
Deduction, Standard Deduction, Earned Income
Deduction, Dependent-Care Deduction, Excess
Shelter Deduction, Medical Deduction and Child
Support Payment Deduction.
Dependent-Care Deduction. Deduction
received by food stamp households for expenses
involved in caring for dependents while other
members work, seek employment, or go to
school. In fiscal year 2000 the deduction was
subject to a maximum of $200 per month for
each dependent under age 2 and $175 per month
for each dependent age 2 or more. See also
Deductions.
Disabled Individuals. Disabled individuals are
defined as individuals under age 65 who receive
SSI and individuals age 18 to 61 who receive
Social Security, veterans benefits, or other
government benefits as a result of disability.
27
Because identifiers such as Social Security and
SSI receipt are not valid indicators of disability
for individuals over age 64 (Social Security is not
a valid indicator for individuals over age 61),
disability status of adults over age 64 cannot be
identified accurately in the FSPQC sample.
Earned Income Deduction. Deduction received
by households with earnings, equal to 20 percent
of the combined earnings of household members.
See also Deductions.
Earned Income. Includes wages, salaries, and
self-employment income.
Elderly. Adults age 60 or older.
Employed Full Time. Employed at least 30
hours per week or receiving weekly earnings
equal to or greater than the federal minimum
wage multiplied by 30 hours. This estimate is
based on an employment status variable.
Employed Part Time. Employed less than 30
hours per week.
Employment and Training (E&T). Refers to
employment and training services received under
FSP E&T programs. Services provided include
work experience, educational programs, and job
search training.
Entrant Households. Includes households
newly certified during fiscal year 2000.
Excess Shelter Deduction. Deduction received
by households with shelter costs, equal to those
shelter costs that exceed 50 percent of the
household's countable income after all other
potential deductions are subtracted from gross
income. There is a limit on the shelter deduction
for households that do not contain elderly or
disabled members. See Appendix D. See also
Deductions.
Exempt from Work Registration. See Work
Registration.
Expedited Service Households. Households
which initially received expedited service for the
certification period in effect during fiscal year
2000.
Grosr. Income. Total monthly income of
household in dollars, before applying deductions.
Gross Income Limit. Food stamp program
monthly gross income eligibility standards,
determined by household size; equal to 130
percent of the poverty guidelines. See Appendix
D.
Household. Individuals who live in a residential
unit and purchase and prepare food together.
Households With Preschool-Age Children.
Households with at least one member under age
5.
Households With Elderly. Households with at
least one member age 60 or older.
Households With Elderly or Disabled.
Households in which at least one member is age
60 or over or at least one member is under age 65
and receives SSI, or at least one member is age
18 to 61 and receives Social Security, veterans'
benefits, or other government benefits as a result
of disability.
Households With School-Age Children.
Households with at least one member age 5 to 17.
Households With Disabled. Households with at
least one member who is under age 65 and
receives SSI or at least one member who is age
18 to 61 and receives Social Security, veterans'
benefits, or other government benefits as a result
of disability.
Households With Children. Households with at
least one member age 17 or less.
Initial Certification Households. Includes both
households certified for the first time within the
current certification period and previously
certified households that have not received
benefits for at least 30 days.
Legal Immigrants. All immigrants legally
residing in the United States, including all
28
permanent resident aliens, refugees, asylees, and
deportees. See also Other Aliens, Permanent
Resident Aliens, and Refugees.
Married-Couple Household. Household with
two or more individuals age 18 or older and at
least one spouse.
Maximum Benefit Based on 100 percent of the
cost of the Thrifty Food Plan in the preceding
June for a reference family of four, rounded to
the lowest dollar increment. Maximum benefit
varies from the Continental U.S. in Alaska,
Hawaii, Guam and the Virgin Islands. See
Appendix D.
Medical Deduction. Deduction available to
households that contain elderly or disabled
members, equal to all medical expenses incurred
by the elderly or disabled person that exceed $35.
See page 4. See also Deductions.
Minimum Benefit $10 for one- or two-person
households.
Multiple-Adult Household. Household with
two or more individuals age 18 or older.
Net Income. Total monthly income of
household in dollars, after applying deductions.
Net Income Limit FSP monthly net income
eligibility standard, determined by household
size. See Appendix D.
Nonelderiy Adults. Adults age 18 to 59.
Not Employed. Not working and not looking for
work, and therefore not part of the labor force.
Other Alien. A nonimmigrant admitted for a
specified period, a Mexican citizen with a
"border" card, an undocumented alien, or an alien
permanently residing in the United States under
color of law. See also Legal Immigrants,
Permanent Resident Alien, Refugee.
Permanent Resident Alien. An immigrant
lawfully admitted for permanent resident status.
See also Legal Immigrants, Other Alien, Refugee.
Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
(PRVVORA). This act disqualified many
permanent resident aliens and able-bodied adults
from the Food Stamp Program.
Poverty Guideline. The poverty guidelines used
in fiscal year 2000 were issued by the
Department of Health and Human Services and
published in the 1999 Federal Register. Dividing
tlvse guidelines by 12 yields the monthly net
income limits for the FSP. The Bureau of the
Census establishes other poverty thresholds
which are used primarily for statistical purposes.
See Appendix D.
Preschool-Age Children.
years old.
Children less than 5
Refugee. An alien accorded refugee status, an
alien granted political asylum, or an alien granted
a stay of deportation. See also Legal Immigrants,
Permanent Resident Alien, Other Alien.
Resource Limit For most households the
resource limit was $2,000 in fiscal year 2000.
Households with at least one member age 60 or
older were allowed up to $3,000 of resources.
See also Countable Resources.
Rural. A household is considered to be located
in a rural area if the county in which its local
food stamp agency is located is not in a
Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the
Census Bureau.
School-Age Children. Children ages 5 to 17.
Shelter Deduction. See Excess Shelter
Deduction.
Single-Adult with Children Household. Food
stamp household with exactly one person age 18
or older and at least one person under age 18.
Standard Deduction. Deduction received by all
households which varies by area to reflect price
differences among areas. See Appendix D. See
also Deductions.
Student Participant age 18 or older enrolled at
least half time in a recognized school, training
program, or institution of higher education.
29
Thrifty Food Plan (TFP). Market basket of
goods based on an economical and nutritious
diet, adjusted for household size and
composition. Used to determine maximum food
stamp benefit amounts.
Total Deduction. Includes earned income, child
support payment, dependent-care, excess shelter,
medical, and standard deductions to which the
FSP household is entitled. In some cases this
exceeds the amount deducted from gross income
because net income cannot be less than zero. See
also Deductions.
Unearned Income. Includes Temporary
Assistance to Needy Families, General
Assistance, Supplemental Security Income,
Social Security, Unemployment Income,
Veterans' Benefits, Workers' Compensation,
Other Government Benefits, Household
Contributions, Household Deemed Income,
Educational Loans, Child Support Enforcement
Payments, and other unearned income.
Unemployed. Not working but looking for
work, and therefore part of the labor force.
Urban. A household is considered to be located
in an urban area if the county in which its local
food stamp agency is located is in a Metropolitan
Statistical Area as defined by the Census Bureau.
Work Registration. Many able-bodied food
stamp household heads are required to register
for work with their welfare office or state
unemployment agency and must agree to accept
any suitable job that is offered to them
Individuals who are exempt from FSP work
registration rules include the following:
• All individuals under age 16 or over age
60, and some individuals age 16 and 17
• Individuals responsible for the care of a
dependent child under age 6 or the care
of an incapacitated person
Individuals who are physically or
mentally unfit for work
Individuals complying with work
requirements of other assistance
programs
• Students enrolled at least half time in a
school, training program, or institution
of higher education
• Regular participants in a drug addiction
or alcoholic treatment program
• Individuals working 30 hours a week or
earning more than an amount equal to
30 hours times the minimum wage.
Workfare. A program in which food stamp
participants perform work in a public service
capacity in exchange for the food stamp benefits
to which their household is entitled. The
positions are in public or private not-for-profit
organizations only. The hours of participation are
limited to the number of hours needed to pay off
the household's monthly benefit allotment at the
higher of the applicable federal or state minimum
wage.
30
APPENDIX A
DETAILED TABLES OF FOOD STAMP
HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
2/
^
Table A-l. Distribution of Participating Households, Persons, and Benefits by Household Composition,
Income Source, and Food Stamp Benefit Amount
Household Characteristic
Food Stamp Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Participants in Households
With Household
Characteristic
Number
(000)
Percent
Monthly Food Stamp
Benefits
Dollars
(000)
Percent
Tatal
Household Comporition
Children
School Age
Preschool Age
No Children
Elderly Persons
No Elderly Persons ..
Disabled Persons
No Disabled Persons
Locality
Urban...
Rural....
Income Source
Gross Income
No Gross Income
Net Income
No Met Income ....
Earned Income
No Earned Income
Unearned Income
No Unearned Income
TANF Income
No TANF Income
GA Income
No GA Income
SSI
No SSI
Social Security Income
No Social Security Income
Groat Income as a Percentage of Poverty
Guideline
No income
>0-50%
51-100
101+
Food Stamp Benefit
Minimum Benefit
Maximum Benefit
7.335
3.955
3.036
2,055
3,380
1.542
5.793
2,017
5.317
5.543
1.789
6.717
617
5.857
1.477
1.993
5.342
5.775
1.560
1.891
5.444
395
6.940
2.324
5.010
1.870
5.464
617
1.804
4.076
837
801
1.481
1000
53.9
41.4
28.0
46.1
21.0
79.0
27.5
72.5
75.6
24.4
91.6
8.4
79.9
20.1
27.2
72.8
78.7
21.3
25.8
74.2
5.4
94.6
31.7
68.3
25.5
74.5
8.4
24.6
55.6
114
10.9
20.2
17.091
13.294
10.953
7.287
3,797
1.987
15.104
4.005
13.087
12.891
4.194
15,984
1,107
14.300
2,792
6.550
10.542
13.016
4.076
6.091
11.000
515
16.576
4.173
12.918
2.957
14.134
1,107
5,123
8.855
2.006
901
2.799
1000
77.8
64 1
426
22.2
11.6
88.4
23.4
76.6
75.4
24.5
93.5
6.5
83.7
16.3
38.3
61.7
76.2
23.8
35.6
644
3.0
97.0
24.4
75.6
17.3
82.7
65
30.0
51.8
11.7
5.3
16.4
1.159.008
925.373
736.758
527.731
233.634
90.364
1.068.644
200.247
958.761
888.241
270.450
1.030.262
128,746
836,333
322.674
382.185
776.822
835.408
323.600
430.831
728.177
44.143
1.114.865
207.295
951.713
130.020
1.028.988
128,746
493.477
487,518
49,266
8.008
323440
100.0
79.8
63.6
45.5
20.2
7.8
92.2
17.3
82.7
76.6
23.3
88.9
11.1
72.2
27.8
33.0
67.0
72.1
27.9
37.2
62.8
3.8
96.2
17.9
82.1
11.2
88.8
111
42.6
42.1
4.3
0.7
27.9
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Sump Program Quality Control simple
33
Table A-2. Average Gross and Net income, Total Deduction, Countable Resources, Food Stamp Benefit, Household Size, and
Certification Period of Participating Households by Household Composition, Income Source, and Food Stamp Benefit Amount
Total Households Average Monthly Values
Household Characteristic
Number
(000)
Percent Gross Income
(Dollars)
Net Income
(Dollars)
Total
Deduction
(Dollars)
Countable
Resources
(Dollars)
Food Stamp
Benefit
(Dollars)
Household
Size
(Persons)
Certification
Period
(Months)
Total 7.335
3.955
3.036
2.055
3.380
1.542
5.793
2.017
5.317
5,543
1.789
6,717
617
5.857
1.477
1.993
5.342
5,775
1.560
1.891
5.444
395
6.940
2.274
5.060
2.324
5.010
1.870
5.464
801
1.481
100.0
53.9
41.4
28.0
461
21.0
790
27.5
72.5
75.6
24.4
916
8.4
799
20.1
27.2
72.8
78.7
21.3
25.8
74.2
54
94.6
31.0
690
31.7
68.3
25.5
74.5
109
20.2
620
727
782
708
494
617
621
711
585
618
626
677
0
734
167
942
500
646
521
677
600
413
632
630
615
670
5%
683
598
714
167
355
436
483
416
261
356
355
440
323
345
387
388
0
445
0
555
281
378
273
415
335
179
365
372
348
406
332
418
334
536
0
298
321
326
324
272
277
304
282
305
307
272
306
217
289
335
402
259
285
347
274
307
274
300
275
309
273
310
275
306
178
335
156
133
146
112
183
275
124
150
158
139
209
164
70
174
82
178
147
165
123
91
178
88
160
90
185
149
159
261
120
287
82
158
234
243
257
69
59
184
99
180
160
151
153
209
143
218
192
145
145
207
228
134
112
161
208
136
89
190
70
188
10
218
2.3
3.4
3.6
3.5
II
13
2.6
2.0
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.4
1.9
3.3
2.0
2.3
2.6
3.2
2.0
1.3
2.4
2.9
2.1
1.8
2.6
1.6
2.6
1.1
1.9
9.6
Household Composition
Children 7.9
School Age 8.0
Preschool Age 7.6
No Children 11.6
12.9
No Elderly Persons ... 8.7
Disabled Persons 11.5
8.9
Lacaitty
Urban 97
Rural 9.5
Income Source
9.9
6.3
10.2
7.3
7.2
10.5
10.5
6.3
TANF Income 9.3
No TANF Income 9.7
11.2
9.5
TANF or GA Income 9.6
No TANF or GA Income 9.6
SSI 12.1
No SSI 8.5
12.2
No Social Security Income
Food Stamp Benefit
8.7
12.7
7.3
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
34
TaMe A-3. Distribution or Participating Households With Children. I rly Persons, and Elderly or Disabled Persons by
Amount of Gross and Net Income, Countable Resources, and Gross et Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline
Household Characteristic
Total Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Households With:
Children
Number
(000)
Percent
Elderly
Number
(000)
Percent
Elderly or Disabled
Number
(000)
Percenl
Total
Gross I
$0
1-199 ...
200-399
400-599
600-799
800-999
1.000+
NatlacoaM
$0
1-199
200-399
400-599
600-799
800-999
1.000+
Countable Resources
$0
1-500
501-1.000
1.001-1.500
1.501-1,750
1.751-2.000
2.001-3.000
3.001+
Gross Income as a
Percentage of Poverty
Guideline
No Gross Income
>0-25%
26-50
51-75
76-100
101-125
126-130
131-150
151+
Net Income as a
Percentage of Poverty
Guideline
No Net Income
>0-25%
26-50
51-75
76-100
101-125
126-130
131-150
151+
7.335
617
373
878
2.343
1.285
725
1,115
1.477
1.312
1.909
1.175
706
370
385
4.864
1.616
445
215
62
51
41
10
617
618
1.187
1.854
2.222
707
54
53
23
1.477
1.602
1.875
1.808
526
30
3
49
100.0
8.4
5.1
12.0
31.9
17.5
9.9
15.2
20.1
17.9
26.0
16.0
9.6
5.0
5.3
66.3
22.0
6.1
2.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.1
8.4
8.4
16.2
25.3
30.3
9.6
0.7
0.7
0.3
20.1
21.8
25.6
24.6
7.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
3.955
250
218
564
704
641
541
1.036
688
698
709
635
527
322
377
2.705
853
201
109
31
27
7
5
250
477
916
1.106
754
398
36
10
7
688
1.047
1.093
806
307
7
I2
4
100 0
6.3
5.5
14.3
17.8
16.2
137
26.2
17.4
17.7
17.9
16.0
13.3
8.1
9.5
68.4
21.6
5.1
2.8
0.8
0.7
0.2
0.1
6.3
12.1
23.2
28.0
19.1
10.1
0.9
0.3
0.2
17.4
26.5
27.6
20.4
7.8
0.2
00
0.0
0.1
1.542
17
14
65
831
419
125
71
134
228
644
339
137
41
18
830
405
157
71
20
16
32
3
17
14
56
308
924
189
9
18
6
134
211
403
624
159
7
0
12
1000
1.1
0.9
4.2
53.9
27.2
8.1
4.6
8.7
14.8
41.8
22.0
8.9
2.6
1.2
53.8
26.3
10.2
4.6
1.3
1.0
2.1
0.2
1.1
0.9
3.6
20.0
59.9
12.3
0.6
1.2
0.4
8.7
13.7
26.1
40.5
10.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
3.301
21
20
110
1.671
819
328
332
228
504
1.264
687
338
144
136
1.953
838
277
115
35
25
36
6
21
24
182
974
1.655
365
20
44
16
228
498
970
1.241
330
25
2
25
100.0
0.6
0.6
3.3
50.6
24.8
9.9
10.1
6.9
15.3
38.3
20.8
10.3
43
4.1
59.2
25.4
8.4
3.5
1.1
0.8
1.1
0.2
0.6
0.7
5.5
29.5
50.1
111
0.6
1.3
0.5
69
IS. I
294
37.6
10.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.2
Source Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
35
Table A-4. Distribution of Participating Households by Household Size and Amount of Gross and Net Income, Countable Resources, and
Gross and Net Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline
Total Households Household Size
Household
Number
(000)
Percent
1 2 3 4 5 6+
Characteristic
Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
7.335
617
373
878
2.343
1.285
725
1.115
1,477
1312
1.909
1.175
706
370
385
4.864
1.616
445
215
62
SI
41
10
6P
618
1.187
1.854
2.222
707
54
S3
23
1,477
1.602
1.875
1.808
526
30
3
49
1000
8.4
5.1
12.0
31.9
17.5
9.9
15.2
20.1
17.9
26.0
16.0
9.6
50
5.3
66.3
22.0
6 1
2.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.1
8.4
8.4
16.2
25.3
30.3
9.6
0.7
0.7
0.3
20.1
21.8
25.6
24.6
7.2
0.4
00
0.0
0.1
3.126
372
163
364
1.583
526
99
19
799
627
1.146
466
71
12
5
2.059
670
210
93
26
20
28
5
372
144
301
684
1.314
246
14
38
12
799
550
715
880
157
18
1
2
4
100.0
11.9
5.2
11.6
50.6
16.8
3.2
0.6
25.6
20.1
36.7
14.9
2.3
0.4
0.1
65.9
21.4
6.7
3.0
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.1
11.9
4.6
9.6
21.9
42.0
7.9
0.5
1.2
0.4
25.6
17.6
22.9
28.1
5.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
1.481
103
102
238
364
320
215
140
304
324
314
260
211
56
11
1.023
317
76
31
13
9
6
1
103
157
260
408
352
165
14
12
10
304
373
360
306
119
12
2
2
5
100.0
6.9
6.9
16.0
24.6
21.6
14.5
9.5
20.5
219
21.2
17.6
14.2
3.8
0.8
69.0
21.4
5.2
2.1
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.1
6.9
10.6
17.6
27.6
23.7
111
1.0
0.8
0.7
20.5
25.2
24.3
20.7
8.0
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.3
1.160
78
64
150
205
214
190
259
207
197
231
210
174
112
29
779
265
57
34
9
8
2
2
78
146
247
316
232
127
12
2
207
305
316
243
88
100.0
6.7
5.5
12.9
17.7
18.4
16.4
22.3
17.8
17.0
19.9
18.1
15.0
9.7
2..'i
67.2
22.9
5.0
2.9
0.7
0.7
0.2
0.2
6.7
12.6
21.3
27.2
20.0
11.0
1.1
0.1
17.8
26.3
27.3
21.0
7.6
832
39
28
78
113
ISO
119
304
105
99
145
137
134
104
107
546
194
52
23
8
6
1
39
92
189
239
170
94
8
1
0
105
214
245
187
80
1
0
100.0
4.7
3.4
9.4
13.6
18.0
14.3
36.5
12.6
11.9
174
16.5
16.2
12.5
12.8
65.5
23.3
6.2
2.8
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
4.7
11.0
22.7
28.7
20.5
11.3
0.9
0.1
0.0
12.6
25.7
29.4
22.5
9.7
0.1
0.0
429
17
11
33
51
47
58
213
43
42
46
66
68
50
114
270
99
28
18
352
1
17
47
102
117
%
46
3
0
43
92
137
109
48
100.0
3.9
2.5
7.6
12.0
10.8
13.6
49.6
10.0
9.8
10.6
15.4
15.9
11.7
26.5
63.0
23.1
6.4
4.2
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.2
3.9
10.9
23.8
27.4
224
10.7
0.8
0.1
10.0
21.5
31.8
25.5
11.2
306
8
4
15
25
29
44
180
19
21
27
36
48
35
120
188
70
21
IS
3
3
2
1
8
32
87
90
59
29
2
0
19
68
102
82
34
0
100.0
Groat Income
$0 2.7
1-199 1.3
200-399 5.0
400-599 8.3
9.6
800-999 14.5
1,000+ 58.7
Net Income
$0 6.4
1-199 7.0
200-399 8.8
400-599 11.6
600-799 15.6
800-999 11.4
1,000+ 39.2
Countable Resources
$0 61.4
1-500 23.0
511-1.000 7.0
1.001-1,500 4.9
1.501-1.750 1.0
1,751-2.000 1.1
2.001-3.000 0.5
3,001 + 0.5
Gross Income as a
Percentage of Poverty
GsMsHne
No Grots Income
>0-25%
2.7
10.4
26-50 28.3
51-75 29.3
76-100 19.1
101-125 9.5
126-130 0.6
131-150 0.1
151+
Net Income as a
Percentage of Poverty
Guideline
6.4
>0-25» 22.2
33.3
51-75 26.8
76-100 11.3
101-125 0.1
131-150
151+
~ No sample households in this category.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
36
Table A-5. Average Gross and Net Income, Average Gross and Net Income as a Percentage of Poverty Guideline, and
Average Countable Resources of Participating Households by Household Composition and Size
Household Characteristic
Total Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Average Monthly Values
Gross Income
(Dollars)
Net Income
(Dollars)
Grots Income
as a
Percentage of
Poverty
Guideline
(Percent)
Net Income
asa
Percentage of
Poverty
Guideline
(Percent)
Countable Resources
(Dollars!
Over All
Households
Over
Households
With
Countable
Resources
Total
Household Composition
Children
School Age
Preschool Age.
No Children
Elderly or Disabled
Persons
No Elderly or Disabled Persons
Elderly Persons
No Elderly Persons
Disabled Persons
No Disabled Persons
Household Size
8+.
7.335
3.9S5
3.036
2.055
3.380
3.301
4.034
1342
5.793
2.017
5.317
3.126
1.481
1.160
832
429
180
77
49
100.0
53.9
41.4
28.0
46.1
45.0
55.0
21.0
79.0
27.5
72.5
42.6
20.2
15.8
11.3
5.9
2.5
1.0
0.7
620
727
782
708
494
670
579
617
621
711
585
456
572
676
837
991
1.127
1.174
1.513
355
436
483
416
261
403
316
356
355
440
323
230
314
384
519
662
789
845
1137
62.8
57.9
59.9
54.2
68.6
80.2
48.6
82.0
57.7
79.1
56.6
663
61.9
58.4
60.0
60.8
60.4
55.9
60.0
34.7
33.7
36.1
30.7
359
46.4
25.1
46.6
31.5
46.6
30.2
33.4
34.0
33.1
37.2
40.7
42.3
40.2
45.0
156
133
146
112
183
206
114
275
124
150
158
170
130
133
144
184
203
206
258
466
424
441
394
510
509
415
600
412
414
488
503
422
409
420
503
544
536
627
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Sump Program Quality Control simple.
37
Table A-t Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons, and Elderly or )isabled Persons by Type of Income
Total Households Households With.
Type of Income Total* Percent
Children Elderly Elderly or Disabled
Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
Total 7.335
1.993
1.857
129
34
5.775
1.891
395
2,324
1.870
130
103
28
50
265
53
485
442
2.274
477
367
4.141
636
101
911
3.284
181
21
217
617
100.0
27.2
25.3
1.8
0.5
78.7
258
5.4
317
25.5
1.8
1.4
0.4
0.7
3.6
0.1
00
6.6
60
31.0
65
5.0
56.5
8.7
1.4
12 4
448
2.5
0.3
30
8.4
3.955
1.707
1.607
95
27
2.912
1.842
37
622
360
109
IS
22
20
213
32
479
218
1.869
470
360
2.123
542
100
151
831
103
8
216
250
100.0
43.2
40.6
2.4
0.7
73.6
466
09
15.7
9.1
2.7
0.4
0.6
0.5
5.4
0.1
0.0
12.1
5.5
47.3
119
9.1
53.7
13.7
2.5
3.8
21.0
2.6
0.2
5.5
63
1.542
54
42
10
2
IJ1I
49
79
914
1.068
3
63
2
22
20
008
163
127
6
27
975
27
3
530
1.452
22
11
17
100.0
3.5
2.7
0.7
0.1
98.0
3.2
5.1
59.3
69.3
0.2
4.1
0.1
1.4
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
106
8.2
0.4
1.7
633
1.8
0.2
34.4
94.2
15
0.1
0.1
11
3301
246
216
27
8
3.265
413
144
2324
1.765
10
91
7
37
52
10
94
242
549
43
367
2.416
189
31
911
3.178
181
8
15
21
100.0
7.4
Wages and Salaries 6.5
0.8
0»her Earned Income 0.2
98.9
TANF 12.5
4.4
70.4
535
0.3
2.8
0.2
1.1
1.6
0.0
0.0
2.8
7.3
TANForGA Income 16.6
TANF »"d Earnings 1.3
TANF and SSI 11.1
73.2
(TANF or SSI or GA) and Earnings
TANF and Child Support
5.7
0.9
SSI and Soriil St^ty 27.6
SSI or Social Security 96.3
5.5
GA and Eamc** 0.2
0.4
No Income 0.6
1 The sum of individual income sources does not add to the total because households can receive income from more than one source.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
38
Table A-7. Average Income, Total Deduction, Food Stamp Benefit, and Household Size of Participating Households by Type of Income
Type of Income
Total
Earned Income
Wages and Salaries ...
Self-Employment
Other Earned Income
Unearned Income
TANF
General Assistance
Supplemental Security Income
Social Security
Unemployment Income
Veterans' Benefits
Workers' Compensation
Other Government Benefits
Household Contributions
Household Deemed Income
Educational Loans
Child Support Enforcement Payments
Other Unearned Income
TANF or GA Income
TANF and Earnings
TANF and SSI
TANF or SSI or GA
(TANF or SSI or GA) and Earnings ....
TANF and Child Support
SSI and Social Security
SSI or Social Security
SSI and Earnings
GA and Earnings
Earnings and Child Support
No Income
Total Households
Total*
7.335
1.993
1.857
129
34
5.775
1.891
395
2.324
1.870
130
103
28
50
265
5
3
485
442
2.274
477
367
4.141
636
101
911
3.284
181
21
217
617
Percent
1000
27.2
25.3
1.8
0.5
78.7
25.8
5.4
317
25.5
1.8
14
0.4
0.7
3.6
0.1
0.0
6.6
6.0
310
6.5
5.0
56.5
8.7
1.4
12.4
448
2.5
0.3
3.0
8.4
Average Monthly Values
Grots
Income
(Dollars)
620
942
959
750
863
646
677
413
670
683
827
670
871
751
586
558
503
809
730
630
1.002
938
625
1.007
783
651
683
1.102
873
1.074
0
Net
Income
(Dollars)
355
555
567
419
538
378
415
179
406
418
557
416
579
512
336
339
275
506
435
372
658
686
363
663
507
401
414
762
529
679
lncomeb
Source
(Dollars)
749
770
384
429
529
374
213
403
515
536
254
558
357
201
359
118
242
133
348
941
785
417
953
449
598
579
911
690
995
0
Total
Deduction
(Dollars)
298
402
407
366
337
285
274
274
273
275
281
261
299
242
289
228
300
317
314
275
348
253
275
349
281
255
279
344
356
400
217
Food Stamp
Benefit
(Dollars)
158
192
190
226
178
145
228
112
89
70
202
67
148
102
219
105
188
227
136
208
196
173
148
175
238
64
85
122
133
190
209
Household
Size
(Persons)
2.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.3
3.2
1.3
1.8
16
3.4
1.5
2.9
2.2
2.9
1.7
24
3.5
2.3
2.9
36
3.5
2.3
3.4
3.6
15
1.8
3.1
24
3.7
18
1 The sum of individual income sources does not add to the total because households can receive income from more than one source
b Average value of specified source over households with income from source.
Source Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
39
Table A-8. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons, and Elderly or Disabled Persons by Earned
and Unearned Income Amounts
Total Households Households With:
Household Characteristic
Number
(000)
Percent
Children Elderly Elderly or Disabled
Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
Tttal 7.335
5.342
260
256
293
307
314
563
1.560
599
1,047
2.349
1.077
409
293
5.444
407
743
480
190
52
19
6.940
169
196
25
3
3
0
5,060
566
936
504
192
55
20
5.010
591
331
1.219
90
40
S3
1000
72.8
3.5
3.5
40
4.2
43
7.7
21.3
8.2
143
3.V0
Ml
56
4.0
74.2
5.6
101
65
2.6
07
0.3
946
2.3
2.7
03
0.0
0.0
00
690
7.7
12.8
69
2.6
0.8
0.3
683
8.1
4.5
16.6
1.2
05
0.7
3.955
2.248
155
194
233
275
295
555
1.043
463
754
713
483
258
240
2.112
395
714
474
189
52
18
3.918
IS
12
6
3
0
0
2.085
403
724
480
191
53
19
3332
73
62
410
19
14
45
1000
56.8
3.9
49
5.9
7.0
7.5
14.0
264
11.7
19.1
180
12.2
6.5
6.1
534
10.0
181
120
48
13
0.5
99.1
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
00
0.0
52.7
10.2
18.3
12.1
4.8
13
03
84.3
1.9
16
10.4
0.5
0.4
1.1
1342
1.488
18
12
10
3
6
5
31
14
68
840
414
115
58
1.492
21
19
6
4
00
1.463
47
25
6
0
0
0
1.415
67
44
12
4
0
0
627
347
177
320
47
18
5
100.0
963
1.2
08
06
0.2
04
03
20
09
4.4
545
269
75
3.8
968
1.4
1.2
0.4
0.2
0.0
00
949
30
1.7
04
00
00
00
91.8
4.3
2.8
0.8
0.2
00
0.0
40.7
22.5
113
207
3.1
\2
03
3.301
3.055
80
50
38
22
23
32
36
26
125
1.756
815
307
235
2888
148
182
58
18
5
1
3.157
97
38
7
10
0
2.751
239
219
66
19
5
1
977
591
331
1,218
90
40
S3
1000
Earned Income
SO 92.6
1-199 2.4
200-399 1.5
400-599 12
600-799 ... 0.7
800-999 ... 0.7
1.000+ 1.0
Unearned Income
SO 1.1
1-199 08
200-399 38
400-599 53.2
600-799 24.7
800-999 93
1.000+ 71
TANF Income
SO 875
1-199 . 43
200-399 5 5
400-599 18
600-799 0.5
800-999 ... 0.2
1.000+ 00
GA Income
so 956
1-199 29
200-399 11
400-599 02
600-799 0.0
800-999 ... 0.0
1.000+ 00
TANF or GA Income
so 834
1-199 7.2
200-399 66
400-599 2.0
600-799 06
800-999 ... 02
1.000+
SO
1-199
0.0
29.6
17.9
200-399 10.0
400-599
600-799
800-999
1.000+
36.9
2.7
U
1.6
40
Table A-8. Distribution of Participating Households With Children, Elderly Persons, and Elderly or Disabled Persons by Earned
and Unearned Income Amounts— Continued
Household Characteristic
Total Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Households With
Children
Number
(000)
Percent
Elderly
Number
(000)
Percent
Elderly or Disabled
Number
(000)
Percent
Social Security
$0
I-I99
200-399
400-599
600-799
800-999
1.000+
Other Unearned Income
$0
1-199
200-395
400-599
600-799
800-999
1.000+
5.464
111
410
789
406
107
48
5.913
763
333
173
83
39
31
74 5
1.5
5.6
10.8
5.5
15
06
806
10.4
4.5
2.4
I.I
0.5
0.4
3.594 90.9
55 14
87 2.2
100 2.5
55 1.4
34 09
30 0.8
2.949 74.6
472 11.9
268 6.8
136 34
64 16
37 09
29 0.7
474
43
239
465
248
54
20
1.275
195
42
17
9
22
307
28
155
30.2
161
3.5
1.3
1.535
80
380
765
395
102
44
46.5
24
11.5
23.2
12.0
3.1
13
827 2.792 846
12 6 340 10.3
2.7 94 29
1.1 42 1.3
06 21 06
0.1 5 02
0.1 6 02
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
41
Table A-9. Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Deduction and Household Composition, Income Source, and Food Stamp
Benefit Amount
Total Households Type of Deduction
Number
(000)
Percent
Earned Income Dependent Care Excess Shelter Medical Child Support
Household Characteristic
Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
Percent
With
Maxi-mum'
Number
(000)
Percent
Percent
With
Maxi-mum*
Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
Total 7.335
3.955
3.036
2.055
3.380
1342
5,793
2.017
5.317
6.717
617
5.857
1.477
1.993
5.342
5.775
1.560
1.891
5.444
395
6.940
2.274
5.060
2324
5.010
1.870
5.464
801
1.481
100.0
1000
1000
100.0
1000
1000
100 0
1000
1000
1000
1000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000
1000
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.990
1.706
1.342
975
284
54
1.936
199
1.790
1.990
1.787
203
1.990
1.048
942
476
1.513
21
1.969
497
1.493
180
1.810
129
1.861
101
204
27.1
43.1
44.2
450
8.4
3.5
33.4
9.9
33.7
296
30.5
13.7
999
18.1
60.4
25.2
27.8
5.4
28.4
21.9
29.5
7.7
36.1
6.9
34.0
12.7
13.8
290
283
198
201
7
3
287
16
274
287
3
254
36
263
27
149
141
52
238
1
289
54
237
IS
276
12
278
5
36
4.0
7.2
6.5
98
0.2
0.2
50
0.8
5.2
4.3
0.5
4.3
2.5
13.2
0.5
2.6
9.1
2.8
4.4
0.3
4.2
2.4
4.7
0.6
5.5
0.6
5.1
0.6
23
5.3
5.4
3.5
5.2
5.3
1.3
5.5
5.2
13.3
50
7.0
4.7
10.6
3.9
6.7
33
5.7
41.9
5.1
4.1
53
1.4
53
3.7
53
1.2
69
4.357
2321
1.764
1.189
2.036
908
3.449
1.247
3.110
4.120
237
3.354
1.003
1.086
3.271
3345
812
1.136
3.221
278
4.079
1.410
2.947
1.422
2.935
1.093
3.264
191
1.007
594
58.7
58.1
57.9
60.2
58.9
59.5
61.8
585
61.3
38.4
57.3
67.9
54.5
61.2
61.4
52.1
60.1
59.2
70.5
58.8
62.0
58.2
61.2
58.6
58.5
59.7
23.9
68.0
16.9
25.3
25.0
26.7
7.2
0.3
21.2
0.2
23.5
15.2
45.2
113
34.9
26.2
13.8
13.0
33.8
233
146
203
16.6
22.8
14.0
0.3
24.9
1.3
22.1
0.4
34.9
326
40
35
13
287
212
114
133
193
326
0
303
23
23
304
326
1
13
314
3
323
16
311
80
246
292
35
92
23
4.4
1.0
1.1
0.6
85
138
2.0
6.6
3.6
4.9
0.0
5.2
1.6
1.1
5.7
5.6
0.0
0.7
5.8
0.8
4.7
0.7
6.1
33
4.9
15.6
0.6
11.5
1.6
79
58
47
31
21
4
75
23
56
77
2
68
10
44
34
54
25
13
66
1
78
14
65
16
63
16
63
3
10
1.1
Household Composition
Children ... 1.5
School Age .. 1.5
Preschool Age 13
No Children 0.6
Elderly Persons 0.2
No Elderly Persons
Disabled Persons
1.3
1.1
No Disabled Persons 1.1
Income Source
1.2
0.3
1.2
0.7
2.2
No Earned Income 0.6
0.9
1.6
TANF Income 0.7
NoTANF Income 1.2
03
1.1
TANF or GA Income 0.6
No TANF or GA Income
SSI
1.3
0.7
No SSI 1.2
Social Security Income
No Social Security Income ...
Food Stamp Benefit
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.7
1 Percent of households with deduction that receive the maximum
" No sample households in this category
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
42
Table A-10. Average Values of Deductions of Participating Households by Household Composition, Income Source, and Food Stamp
Benefit Amount
Household Characteristic
Tottl
House
holds
(000)
Average Amount ol Deduction
(Dollars)
Earned Income
All
Households
With
Deduction
Dependent Care
All
Households
With
Deduction
Excess Shelter
All
Households
With
Deduction
Medical
All
Households
With
Deduction
Child Support
All
Households
With
Deduction
Total
Household Composition
Children
School Age
Preschool Age
No Children
Elderly Persons
No Elderly Persons
Disabled Persons
No Disabled Persons
Income Source
Gross Income
No Gross Income
Net Income
No Net Income
Earned Income
No Earned Income
Unearned Income
No Unearned Income ....
TANF Income
No TANF Income
GA Income
No GA Income
TANF or GA Income ....
No TANF or GA
lOCOfTJC
ssi
No SSI
Social Security Income
No Social Security
Income
Food Stamp Benefit
Minimum Benefit....
Maximum Benefit ...
7.335
3.955
3.036
2.055
3.380
1342
5.793
2.017
5.317
6.717
617
5.857
1.477
1.993
5.342
5.775
1.560
1.891
5.444
395
6.940
1274
5.060
2,324
5.010
1.870
5.464
801
1.481
41
70
74
75
6
3
51
10
52
44
0
49
6
150
0
24
104
31
44
5
43
27
47
8
56
6
52
15
6
150
162
168
167
74
89
151
98
156
150
0
162
47
150
0
130
172
124
158
95
150
123
159
99
155
89
154
120
47
9
8
12
0
0
6
2
6
5
1
5
4
16
I
3
11
3
6
0
5
2
6
1
7
1
6
125
122
128
121
221
260
124
197
121
125
126
119
166
124
134
127
122
103
130
126
125
104
130
195
121
182
122
119
166
111
104
105
»
119
123
107
125
105
114
80
94
179
94
117
115
95
103
113
130
110
108
112
124
105
113
110
20
179
186
177
180
172
197
20*
180
203
180
185
209
163
263
173
191
188
182
172
191
185
187
175
192
202
179
194
184
83
263
1
1
0
II
15
3
9
4
6
0
5
9
3
6
7
0
1
7
I
6
1
8
5
6
19
1
124
89
90
67
129
HI
148
142
112
124
546
90
572
307
110
124
288
127
124
171
124
136
123
133
121
122
145
67
569
2
3
3
1
0
2
I
2
162
169
176
174
141
142
163
123
178
160
257
151
235
186
131
157
173
149
164
74
163
1 144
2 166
1 124
2 172
1 116
2 173
0 60
2 235
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
43
Table A-ll. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics and Amount of Deduction
Total Households Households With:
Household Characteristic Number
(000)
Percent
Children Elderly Disabled Earned Income TANForGA
Income
Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
Total
Total Deduction
$118-133
7.335
2
1.904
220
662
698
697
645
539
857
306
804
5.345
335
334
381
386
272
156
125
7,044
78
75
47
44
46
7.008
110
47
33
23
35
27
20
32
7.256
18
15
14
994
II
2.977
657
680
644
500
420
188
1000
0.0
26.0
3.0
9.0
9.5
9.5
88
7.3
11.7
4.2
11.0
72.9
46
4.6
5.2
5.3
3.7
2.1
1.7
96.0
1.1
1.0
0.6
0.6
0.6
95.6
IJ
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
98.9
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
40.6
9.0
9.3
8.8
6.8
$.7
2.6
3.955
1
799
95
306
337
388
408
330
587
200
504
2.249
208
261
331
361
267
154
124
3.671
76
73
47
44
43
3.915
22
3333
312
3.896
12
II
10
67
3
8
1.634
345
354
342
263
212
96
1000
00
20.2
2.4
7.7
8.5
98
10.3
8.3
14.8
SI
12.8
569
5.3
6.6
8.4
9.1
6.8
3.9
3.1
92.8
1.9
1.9
1.2
1.1
1.1
99.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
98.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
41.3
8.7
8.9
86
6.7
5.4
2.4
1.542
1
511
69
174
161
122
104
101
76
53
171
1.488
22
14
67211
1.539
01
1
1.330
64
33
25
18
26
18
13
IS
1.538
20010
1
633
153
146
124
103
93
38
100.0
00
33.2
4.5
11.3
10.4
7.9
6.7
6.5
5.0
3.4
11.1
96.5
1.4
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
99.8
0.0
0.1
0.1
86.2
4.2
2.1
1.6
1.1
1.7
1.2
0.8
1.0
99.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
41.1
9.9
95
8.0
6.7
6.0
2.5
2.017
0
609
74
218
214
198
160
135
120
72
218
1.818
76
46
29
21
13
8
5
2,001
43216
1.884
53
19
10
6
10
98
18
1.994
6
770
186
200
192
149
130
65
100
00
30.2
3.7
108
10.6
98
7.9
6.7
5.9
3.6
10.8
90.1
3.8
2.3
1.5
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.3
99.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
93.4
2.6
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.9
98.9
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
38.2
92
9.9
9.5
7.4
6.4
3.2
1.993
00
34
134
175
233
279
226
240
195
478
3
335
334
381
386
272
156
125
1.730
68
70
45
40
41
1.970
53
212227
1.948
7
895
638
907
169
172
161
117
105
46
100.0
0.0
00
1.7
6.7
8.8
11.7
14.0
11.3
12.0
98
24.0
0.1
16.8
168
19.1
19.4
13.7
7.8
6.3
86.8
3.4
3.5
2.2
2.0
2.1
98.9
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
97.8
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.4
45.5
8.5
8.6
8.1
5.9
53
2.3
2.274
1
570
80
235
263
257
199
152
339
59
120
1.777
108
no
110
93
42
18
16
2.221
23
14
5
66
2058
82211101
2J60
7220002
864
221
215
226
160
117
57
100.0
0.0
134 25.0
135-150 3.5
151-200 10.3
201-250 ... 11.6
251-300 . 11.3
301-350 8.7
351-400 6.7
401-450 14.9
451-500 ... 2.6
501+ 5.3
Earned Income
None .... 78.1
$1-50 4.8
51-100 4.8
101-150 4.8
151-200 4.1
201-250 ... 1.9
251-300 .. 0.8
301+ 0.7
Dependent Care
None 97.6
$1-50 1.0
51-100 0.6
101-150 0.2
151-200 0.3
201+ 0.3
Medical
None 99.3
$1-25 0.3
26-50 0.1
51-75 0.1
76-100 0.0
101-150 0.0
151-200 ... 0.1
201-300 0.0
301+ 0.0
CbM Support
None 99.4
$1-50 0.3
51-100 0.1
101-150 ... 0.1
151-200 0.0
201-250 0.0
251-300 0.0
301+ 0.1
Excess Shelter
None 38.0
$1-50 9.7
51-100 ... 9.4
101-150 ... 9.9
151-200 7.0
201-250 5.2
251-274 Z5
See footnotes at end of table.
44
Table A-ll. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics and Amount of Deduction
— Continued
Household Characteristic
Total Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Households With:
Children
Number
(000)
Percent
Elderly
Number
(000)
Percent
Disabled
Number
(000)
Percent
Earned Income
Number
(000)
Percent
TANForGA
Income
Number
(000)
Percent
Exceai Shelter
275
276-300
301+
None
Less Than Cap ...
Equal to Cap
Benefit < Max
Benefit^ Max ..
Greater Than Cap
731 10.0 585
79 1.1 18
456 6.2 106
2.977 40.6 1.634
3.096 42.2 1.615
735 10.0 588
384 5.2 354
351 4.8 234
526 7.2 118
14.8
0.5
2.7
413
40.8
14.9
90
5.9
3.0
3
32
216
633
659
3
21
247
0.2
2.0
14.0
41.1
42.7
0.2
0.1
0.0
16.0
3
53
268
770
924
3
30
320
0.1
2.6
13.3
38.2
45.8
0.1
0.1
0.0
15.9
283
5
28
907
772
285
202
82
30
14.2
0.2
14
45.5
38.7
14.3
10.2
4.1
1.5
319
14
81
864
998
321
191
131
90
14.0
06
3.6
38.0
43.9
14.1
8.4
5.8
4.0
" No sample households in this category
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
45
Table A-12. Average Total Deduction for Participating Households by Amount of Gross Income and Household Size
Gross Income
Average Total Deduction by Household Size
(Dollars) All
Households
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+ (Dollars)
Total 267
192
214
244
259
285
288
262
305
293
356
422
650
292
233
248
229
249
276
303
278
289
268
338
351
398
325
260
239
265
251
278
274
300
302
311
335
365
422
343
270
262
302
256
268
287
311
324
302
318
358
412
348
287
252
308
236
275
277
272
304
278
295
339
410
352
300
322
284
258
224
267
289
301
266
317
303
404
340
2%
213
247
236
280
278
274
251
266
269
308
386
400
304
3%
279
354
180
291
277
242
387
279
450
298
SO 217
1 -99 230
100- 199 250
200-299 253
300-399 279
400-499 289
500-599 268
600 - 699 303
700-799 288
800-899 332
900-999 358
1000+ 416
No sample households in this category.
Source. Fiscal Year 2000 Food Sump Program Quility Control sample
46
BLANK
PAGE
Table A-13. Distribution of Participating Households by Selected Household Characteristics and Food Stamp Benefit Amount, Food Stamp Benefit
as a Percentage of the Maximum Benefit, and Certification Period
5
Housriio.d Characteristic
Total
Food Stamp Benefit
$10 or less...
11-25
26-50
51 -75
76 - 100
101 -150
151-200
201-300
301 or more
I2
3
45
67
8•
10
II
12
13+
Unknown
Toul Households
Benefit as a Percentage of
the Maximum
Minimum
<25%"
25-50
51-75
76-99
Maximum
Months ir Certification
Number
(000)
7,335
449
543
490
516
1,563
590
1,233
1,143
801
921
1.373
1.501
1.258
1.481
35
83
1.240
332
139
935
156
52
41
43
126
3.506
619
29
Percent
1000
M.0
6.i
7.4
6.7
7.0
21.3
8.0
16.8
15.6
10.9
12.6
18.7
20.5
17.2
20.2
0.5
1.1
16.9
4.5
19
12.8
2.1
0.7
0.6
0.6
1.7
47.8
8.4
0.4
Households With:
Children
Number
(000)
3,955
65
40
111
156
209
544
534
1,156
1,139
59
337
845
1.063
960
690
18
56
953
230
99
701
114
35
24
22
48
1.521
124
10
Percent
100.0
1.7
1.0
2.8
3.9
5.3
13.8
13.5
29.2
28.8
1.5
8.5
21.4
26.9
24.3
17.5
0.5
1.4
24.1
5.8
2.5
17.7
2.9
0.9
0.6
0.5
1.2
38.5
3.1
0.3
Elderly
Number
(000)
1.542
459
223
236
157
144
223
37
45
17
459
342
292
219
95
135
1
2
41
18
8
84
9
5
6
9
38
1.043
267
II
Percent
1000
29 8
14.5
15.3
10.2
9.4
14.5
2.4
2.9
1.1
29.8
22.2
18.9
14.2
6.1
8.7
0.1
0.2
2.7
I.I
0.5
5.5
06
03
0.4
0.6
2.5
67.6
17.3
0.7
Disabled
Number
(000)
2.017
339
236
264
232
214
311
131
173
117
337
421
546
419
187
109
3
7
128
46
27
254
39
II
II
14
45
1.129
291
II
Percent
100.0
16.8
11.7
13.1
IIS
10.6
15.4
6.5
8.6
5.8
16.7
20.9
27.1
20.8
9.3
5.4
0.1
0.3
6.4
2.3
1.3
12.6
1.9
0.6
0.5
0.7
2.2
55.9
14.4
0.6
Earned Income
Number
(000)
1,993
106
39
94
117
146
367
280
464
380
102
256
577
538
314
205
10
37
682
144
45
265
43
13
10
8
19
656
55
4
Percent
100 0
53
2.0
4.7
5.9
7.3
18.4
14.0
23.3
190
5.1
12.8
29.0
27.0
15.8
10.3
0.5
1.8
34.2
7.2
2.3
13.3
2.2
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.9
32.9
2.8
0.2
TANF Income
Number
(000)
1.891
36
21
48
73
97
284
269
569
494
32
135
355
573
577
219
6
14
199
58
45
389
67
23
14
IS
30
942
81
8
Percent
1000
19
II
2.5
3.9
5.1
150
14.2
30 1
26.2
1.7
7.1
188
30.3
30.5
11.6
0.3
0.7
105
3.1
2.4
20.6
3.6
12
0.8
0.8
1.6
49.8
4.3
0.4
1 Does not include households with the minimum benefit
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Sump Program Quality Control sample. fl
Table A-14 Wnrib»ik>« of Partldpatlag HoMcfcoMi by I
Perceatage of the MaxiasM
at a Percentage of Poverty GakteUae aad Food Stamp Beaeflt •• a
Groat Income a* a
Percentage of
Poverty Guideline
Total Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Benefit u a Percentage of the Maximum Benefit
Minimum
Number
(000)
Percent
<25»
Number
(000)
Percent
25-50
Number
(000)
Percenl
51-75
Number
(000)
Percent
76-99
Number
(000)
Percent
Maximum
Number
(000)
Percent
All Households
Total
No Income .
>0-50H....
51 - 100
101-130 ...
131+
Hs—aslds With
Children
Total
No Income
>0-50%
51 -100
101 - 130
131+
Households With
Elderly
Total
No Income
>0-50S
51 -100
101-130
131+
Hoasehalds With
Disabled
Total
No Income
=■0-50%
51-100
101 - 130
131+
Households With
Earned laconic
Total
>0-50S
51 -100
101 - 130
131+
Ho.KhoW.Wha
TANFI
Total
>0-50H
51 -100 .
101-130
131+
7.335
617
1.804
4.076
761
76
3.955
250
1.394
1.860
433
17
1,542
17
70
1.232
198
24
2.017
4
141
1.619
215
39
1.993
395
1.125
439
34
1.891
847
926
105
14
100.0
S.4
24.6
55.6
10.4
1.0
100.0
6.3
35.2
47.0
11.0
0.4
100.0
I.I
4.5
79.9
12.9
1.6
100.0
0.2
7.0
80.2
10.6
1.9
100.0
19.8
56.5
22.0
1.7
100.0
44.8
49.0
5.5
0.7
801
495
251
54
59
10
36
13
459
314
129
16
337
207
103
27
102
20
55
27
32
7
14
II
100.0
61.8
31.4
6.8
1000
16.2
61.9
21.8
100.0
68.4
28.1
3.5
100.0
61.6
30.5
7.9
100.0
19.4
54.4
26.3
100.0
21.0
43.2
35.8
921
653
260
I
337
112
222
3
342
314
26
2
421
354
62
4
256
49
202
4
135
69
64
2
100.0
70.9
28.3
0.8
I00.C
33.1
659
1.0
100.0
91.9
7.6
0.5
100.0
84.1
14.8
1.0
100.0
19.3
79.1
1.6
100.0
50.9
47.7
1.4
1.373
3
1.170
196
5
845
3
688
154
I
292
267
24
2
546
0
510
33
4
577
423
154
I
355
3
328
24
0
100.0
0.2
85.2
14.2
0.4
100.0
0.3
81.3
18.2
0.1
100.0
91.3
8.2
0.5
100.0
0.0
93.4
6.0
0.7
100.0
73.2
26.6
0.2
100.0
0.8
92.4
6.7
0.1
1.501
297
1.161
39
3
1.063
251
793
20
219
19
186
12
2
419
58
348
II
1
538
50
466
22
0
573
171
399
2
100.0
19.8
77.4
2.6
0.2
100.0
23.6
74.6
1.8
100.0
8.6
85.1
5.5
0.8
100.0
13.8
83.1
2.7
0.3
100.0
9.2
86.5
4.2
0.1
100.0
29.9
69.7
0.4
1.258
836
413
8
2
960
720
239
I
95
19
71
4
1
187
58
126
2I
314
168
143
3
577
461
116
I
100.0
66.4
32.8
0.6
0.2
100.0
75.0
24.9
0.1
100.0
19.6
74.6
4.4
1.5
10C.0
31.0
67.3
1.3
0.5
100.0
53.6
45.5
0.9
100.0
79.8
20.0
0.1
1.481
617
669
184
7
3
690
250
420
20
0
135
17
33
80
3
I
109
4
25
74
3
2
205
177
25
2
I
219
212
7
0
100.0
41.7
45.2
12.4
0.5
02
1000
36.2
60.8
2.9
0.1
100.0
12.9
24.3
59.5
2J
0.9
100.0
3.4
23.4
682
3.1
18
I0C.0
86.1
12.0
1.2
0.7
100.0
966
3.3
0.1
* Doe* not include households with the minimum benefit.
" No sample houaeholds in this category
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
48
Table A-15. Avenge Food Stamp Benefit of Participating Households by Amount of Gross Income and Household
Size
Gross Income
Average Food Sump Benefn by Household Size
(Dollars) All
Househe Ids
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+
(Dollars)
Average Food Stamp Benefit Per
Household 65
128
128
127
118
102
76
45
38
24
22
30
23
144
235
234
231
220
205
186
157
126
88
81
60
36
221
336
335
333
321
306
284
262
233
203
183
161
103
273
428
427
424
414
395
375
351
333
293
270
249
159
310
506
507
507
489
480
456
421
404
367
347
324
205
375
612
607
606
596
571
548
527
502
471
445
424
275
424
6,5
671
678
667
644
613
601
558
537
499
483
327
510
815
791
808
810
701
781
713
673
660
611
422
158
SO 209
1-99 222
100- 199 235
200-299 236
300-399 207
400-499 209
500-599 93
600-699 133
700-799 143
800-899 164
900-999 174
1000* 162
|
No sample households in this category.
Source Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
49
Table A-14. Distribution of Participating Households by Type of Most Recent Action and Expedited
Service
Total Households Entrants Other Households
Most Recent Action and Expedited
Service Number
(000»
Percent Number
(000)
Percent Number
(000)
Percent
Total 7.335
1.692
297
1.395
4.291
158
4.133
1000
23 1
4.0
19.0
585
2.2
564
401
401
131
270
1000
100.0
32.7
673
6,934
1.291
166
1.125
4.291
158
4.133
100.0
186
24
16.2
61 9
2.3
No Expedited Service 59.6
~ By definition these are mutually exclusive categories: therefore, no households will be found in these categories
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
50
Table A-17. Distribution of Participating Households, Persons, and Benefits by Household Composition
Household Cofnposi tron**
Food Sump Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Participants tn Households
With Household
Characteristic
Number
(000)
Percent
Monthly Food Stamp
Benefits
Dollars
(000)
Percent
Tots**
Chtldria
Single-Adult Household
Multiple Adult Household
Married Couple Household
Other Multiple-Adult Household
Children Only
Unknown
EM"*
Living Alone
Not Living Alone
Living Alone
Not Living Alone
Other HoauaoW
Single-Person Household
Mulu -Person Household
7.335
3.9J5
2.704
167
573
294
3(2
I
1.542
1.226
316
2.017
1.154
863
837
774
64
100.0
53.9
369
11.8
7.8
40
5.2
0.0
21.0
16.7
4.3
27.5
15.7
118
114
10.5
0.9
17.091
13.294
8341
3.939
2.652
1.286
812
2
1.987
1.226
762
4.005
1.154
2.851
909
774
135
100.0
77.8
500
23.0
15.5
7.5
4.7
0.0
116
7.2
4.5
23.4
6.8
16.7
5.3
4.5
0.8
1.159.008
925J73
623J15
235.231
153.882
81.349
66.637
191
90.364
53.697
36.666
200.247
54.333
145.914
101.634
89.614
12.021
100.0
79.8
538
203
13.3
7.0
5.7
0.0
7.8
4.6
3.2
17.3
4.7
12.6
8.8
7.7
1.0
' Household composition categories are based on characteristics of participating individuals only, and do not factor in
characteristics of nonparticipanu who may live in the same household with the participants. For example, single-adult
households have exactly one participating adult and at least one participating child, but may have one or more
nonpamcipaung atbUt or an adult participating in a separate case not included in the FSPQC sample.
b The sum of ;.Kii»~u«l categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the
characw.iucs in the table.
c Households not containing children, elderly persons, or disabled persons.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
51
Table A-18. Avenge Grow and Net Income, Total Deduction, Countable Resources, Food Stamp Benefit, Household Size, and
Certification Period of Participating Households by Household Composition
Total Households Avenge Monthly Values
Household Composition*
Number
(000)
Gross Income
(Dollars)
Net Income
(Dollars)
Total
Deduction
(Dollars)
Countable
Resources
(Dollars)
Food Stamp
Benefit
(Dollars)
Household
Size
(Persons)
Certification
Period
(Months)
Total 7.335
3.953
2.704
867
573
294
382
1342
1.226
316
2.017
1.154
863
837
774
64
100.0
539
36.9
11.8
7.8
4.0
5.2
00
21.0
16.7
4.3
27.5
15.7
11.8
11.4
10.5
0.9
620
727
667
1031
1081
933
465
675
617
564
821
711
565
906
192
170
462
355
436
387
678
715
606
233
399
356
308
546
440
294
635
57
45
202
298
321
309
376
392
345
281
276
277
272
298
282
283
280
245
238
335
156
133
III
235
280
•46
59
19
275
275
274
150
146
155
64
58
126
158
234
230
271
269
276
174
333
59
44
116
99
47
169
121
116
189
13
3.4
3.2
4.5
4.6
4.4
2.1
4.3
1.3
1.0
14
2.0
1.0
3.3
II
1.0
2.1
9.6
rMMron 7.9
Single-Adult Household
Multiple-Adult Household ...
Mathed Couple Household
Other Multiple-Adult
Household
7.8
7.5
7.3
7.7
Children Only 9.4
59
119
13.3
11.2
Disabled 111
13.4
9.0
Other Households6 7.2
Single-Person Household
Multi-Person Household
7.2
7.3
* Household composition categories are based on characteristics of participating individuals only, and do not factor in characteristics of nonparucrpants who
may live in the same household with the participants. For example, single-adult households have exactly one participating adult and at least one participating
child, but may have one or more nonparticipating adult or an adult participating in a separate case not included in the FSPQC sample.
k Households not containing children, elderly persons, or disabled persons.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample.
52
Table A-l9. Distribulioa of Participating Households by Income Type an! Household Composition
Household
Composition*
Tool
Households
Number
(000)
Percent
Income Type
Earned Income
Number
(000)
Percent
Unearned
Income
Number
(000)
Percent
TANF Income
Number
(000)
Percent
CA Income
Number
(000)
Percent
SSI
Number
(000)
Percent
Social Security
Income
Number
(000)
Percent
Tata*.
Single-Adult
Household
Muluple-Aduli
Household
Married Couple
Household
Other
Mulupic-Adult
Household
Children Only
Unknown
Elderly
Living Alone
Not Living Alone .
Disabled
Living Alone
Not Living Alone ..
Other Households'
Single-Person
Multi-Person
7.335
3.955
2.704
867
573
294
382
I
1342
1.226
316
2.017
1.154
863
837
774
64
1000
53.9
36.9
11.8
7.8
4.0
5.2
0.0
21.0
16.7
4.3
27.5
15.7
11.8
11.4
10.5
0.9
1.993
1.707
1.049
525
371
154
132
0
54
23
30
202
71
131
167
136
31
100.0
85.6
52.7
26.3
18.6
7.7
6.6
0.0
2.7
1.2
1.5
10.1
35
6.6
8.4
6.8
1.6
5.775
2.912
2.075
569
343
227
267
0
1.511
1.204
308
2.012
1.151
861
350
323
27
100.0
50.4
35.9
9.9
5.9
3.9
4.6
0.0
26.2
20.8
5.3
34.8
19.9
14.9
6.1
5.6
0.5
1.891
1.842
1.332
290
162
128
220
0
49
I
48
379
2
377
38
28
9
100.0
97.4
70.4
15 3
8.6
6.7
11.6
0.0
2.6
0.1
2.5
20.1
0.1
19.9
2.0
1.5
0.5
395
37
24
12
8
79
62
17
79
55
24
232
225
7
100.0
9.3
6.0
2.9
2.0
1.0
04
19.9
15.7
4.2
20.0
139
6.0
58.6
56.9
1.8
2.324
622
421
192
113
79
10
0
914
723
191
1.634
895
740
1000
26.8
18.1
8.3
4.9
3.4
0.4
0.0
39.3
31 1
8.2
70.3
38.5
31.8
0.0
0.0
1.870
360
239
112
71
42
I
1.068
866
202
836
536
300
100.0
19.3
12.8
6.0
3.8
2.2
0.5
57.1
46.3
10.8
44.7
28.6
16.1
0.0
0.0
* Household composition categories are based on characteristics of participating individuals only, and do not factor in characteristics of
nonpwticipants who may live in the same household with the participants For example, single-adult households hive exactly one participating adult and
at least one participating child, but may have one or more nonparucipating adult or an adult parucipaung in a separate case not included in the FSPQC
simple.
b The sum of individual categories does not match the table total because a household can have more than one of the characteristics in the table.
c Households not containing children, elderly persons, or disabled persons
™ No sample households in this category.
Source: Fiscal Year 2000 Food Stamp Program Quality Control sample
53
Table A-2*. Distribution of Partkipntint Households With Children, Elderly Persons, and Dis. led Persons by Selected
Characteristics
Household Characteristic
Gross Income
No Gross Income
Net Income
No Net Income
Earned Income
Unearned Income
TANF Income
GA Income
SSI
Social Security Income
Countable Resources
Deductions
Tool Deduction
Earned Income Deduction
Dependent Deduction
Excess Shelter Deduction
Medical Deduction
Child Support Ded