The Greensborough patriot [May 17, 1842]

              ■■■■■" —■—■ THE GIIEENSBOROUGH PATRIOT..
VOLUME IV. GREENSBGHOUGH, N. C, TUESDAY. MAY 17, 1842. NUMBER 14.
nBLUHED WEBRtf,
PnicafTwo dollan and Fifty ClM • year, in ad-vance
: or Three Dollar*, alter three month* from the
datn of Mibecriptioo.—Failure on the part of any subscri-ber
to order a dwcontinuance within the year, will be
considered indicative ot hia wish to continue.
AiVBTMiMfr* innerted at the tale of One Dollar
per square of 14 linn or lees tor the flrat insertion, and
Twent»-flve Cent* for each continuance.
IgeUeea to the publiabera miut be poet-paid, or ibry
oannot be attended to.
AFGHANISTAN.
At that part oi the world is likely to be the teat
of interesting warlike mosewn-iUa for some tune to
come, a alight eketcb of it end of its population
■jay be instructive. Aflghauietan, or Cahululsu,
as it #>■ anciently called, is situated hit WIT n 30
and 38 degree* of North latitude. It ia hounded
on the North by the Himalaya range of mountains,
on the Eaal by the nver Indus, dividing it from
Ilindoaatn, on the 8ouih by the dm net of country
eaikd Beluchistan, separating it from the Indian
Ocean, and on ibe West by Persia. It contains
350,000 square miles, or ahool eight time* the
it)-' tiuiubt r that there is in North Carolina. Thn
populalion is computed at 14,000,000; shout ft.-
000,000 of whom are AlTguau*, ( Mai md in*,)
ili-iicendants of the ancient Me.de*, about 7,000,000
Hindoos, HI (I the balui.ee a mind population.—
'J'ltc country is hilly and mnu-ilainou*. particularly
in iia Northern pm wheni the war has been most-ly
carried on. It contains several large cities ami
towns, must of ill* m atrongljr fortified by nature
nnd sit. Cabal Iho capital, has a population of
-o.ooo. C-ndihar, Herat, ami Peshawur, contain
100,000 inhabitants each, and tin re are other* wry
populous. The chief priHturla of the eounlry are
Cotton, Wool, Horses, Camel*, Iron, (iohl, Silvnr,
otO.| all of which are artiele* nf commerce with the
neighboring nations. Some of the vallcya are of
remarkable fertility.
Until 1747, Afghanistan fnrrnrd a part of the
Persian monarchy. At that lime, the celebrated
Persian usurper and conqueror. Nadir Shsb, living
di ad, AmeO A»*ln! Uh, Chief of the Ally Inns, who
with them hid been in the service of the Nadir
Shah, revolted aginst the suce«s*or of the gnat
warrior, took possession of ihe province* ofCanda-li.
ir and Chornssn, and founded the kingdom of AIT
ghanisian. The throne is, or wan until within a
lew yeare, hereditary, but limited by lb- power ol
the Chiela of the various tribe*. Tow MM Afl
ghnn mean* a mountaineer, thence AfiVhaniatan, is
the country ol the mountaineers. Ci-linn-re, so
celebrated in the Kavt, where it is called the para-dise
of India, is subject to the kingdom of Aflghun-istan,
or rather to the Principality efCabul.
The British In cxmr involved in the war* of AfT
(li.iin-i.iii by miiifeiencc u> the quarrel* of n- ru
h rs, wilh a view undoubl< dly to ultimaic conquest
on their '»wn account. The throne In came varan!
in 1800, and was contested by two brothers, \] ■.
Iiouiel ami Soo].di. They repeatedly chpclhd nne
ui.mIn r from (IK: country, bu! finally IM •homr#>gni
poraMBaKM of the crown, and hi* l«'i.iIn r was emu-pelted
to lake reluge among the British in India.
In ilie mean lime the Prince ol Lahore made com
fjij'.si of tome portion of In* lernimy, and for the
purjKis* of r< gaining if, Dfist Mahmnei applied In
Hustia for assistance. Tin* prntokid the jeatwoB*
of thn British, who in lBiiOnntrchcd a Blrolig lotc
mm the country under General Kerne, fly it,
lhrnl M IUUJM i waa made a prisoner, nnd the exil
ed Si ej ill placed upon the ihruriu aa ihe pnppi t ol
finish authority* The preaent w»r tg;iiust Ihe
Uniith is liradid by the <on of Dnst Muhoinet.
As in the morality ol the atti mpt on the part ol
tin llrilivh to ■ubjllgali iho country, the London
Hi raid hold* ihe following lnii£unife.
T n attempted IwMeCtloej of Afli;hani«lan being
immoral in Us onif.n, nothing thai lias occurn d
tan d< ynv any future attempt nf similar immoral-
»iv.—Tin* AlTghiins arr not rehell or knfum nls ;
I be] owe no ft a 11 v or allegiance loiln British Crown,
ai.il the endeavor uf England Io deprive Ihern r.l
indep< ml»-nce is a* niunviroiiH a« thai nl Nnpoh nn
todnlroy the independence ol Spain. The rising
nl Ciibul— bloinly, nut I, ailigainarva and brulal
IIMMIMII it bn—111 movriini.l to achieve indepeu.
deuce. It ia no insiirrccmn,—u i* a war. Tin
dmdly revenge which amuvue* each Alfghan Mow
is not without parallel in European hirugifles foi
nulmnality; and ihe diHgn*<iihu mvult perprlrntid
on the reuuiua of Sir W. APNaugnlM could rt.nl,
lv be ext'mplifiid during the civil AUT in Spain.—
II wc will conquer gemi barbarous Iril es, and fighi
With a p*-oplf ignoranl ol ihe civdizition nf west-ern
waif.ire, w'f'crinpn* complain thol lln-ir atrogghi
for free<lom i* .- wild as their passions and as re
moraeleaaaaiheir arrongs.— ll'i/ai'g""i Chronicle.
TritJm on Ihr South - [i appear* thai there are n 0 w
spi'Culatitii; Htdiviilonl* in .\ \v York, SBJI ihe ll< '■
aid, who are constanily in Iho h dm M looking ntl r
the S.mtln rn mid Wtnitrn BrWapaper*, Io We nhai
Mgroea ore then m «dv« rttaed a* hewn p run aw m.
Anil is fast as tin y find Owl, tin y wiiii- mi to tin
owners, slating ihal the r>egro in queaiion has ar-rived
H. \t « York, and llul the WrilOl ran catch
bun. But lifit Ine tontor moll rumil ihe wrnir
Iwt-niy dollere, to pay prt limitary efepemea, and
nit* rwardl remit one hundri d dollar-' Io char ih*
er.enunl. The wit'er imp«id> nlly adds ihal he in,
a pood (fall of Ifpuhlfl wnh iIK si' llui.p', nnd a
ninltipkiritv of imsiucss nn hi* hand-, and thai ll
the owner is got diinoaed Io go through wiih tb<
thing, and proteewte it t > ihe utmost, ho n<*idvni
trouble Ihe wrib r nt all. Now, gciieially, the bin
is lak n,and ihe innnev rninilted ; and the ma n r
find* loo lair, that the negro has nevi r been cfl bll
plantation, or at BBOBI nut i>l ibe county.
An r.ihittr ''romotni.—The editor .if the Oalffeatenian
•aysi HHeeorneea near'being sleeted captain of n
tmlnin com pa ny lad weed lewe well could amlmke.—
Our IHendi in ihe 1th bent c^oepired logetber i nd oaadc
a lieoteoantofus. Ifihat aim MUmgapintnentelorea
weahonM like to know what ia Eli, attention! get nut
piir eneeae knifb and lubocTtheruat unh a brick bat —
rke Mexican* must be uhiprxd itmntuiiiiv. Come,
right faee-, march'"
KAIN.
By the O'ost ■eoorntl and inconleaii^le experi-ments
it it piovtd 'hit wan r is a cnmpoaition oi
IHO elastic an*, or gannes as they are calied,oxygen
and hydrogen. In 100 part* ol water thore aru
by 1 '4 of oxygen, and 11 3*4 ol hydrugon. ['<•■-*
a auccesaion . I elecjaac sparks through water, by
means of a proper apparatus, and the two gasscs
arc produced in proporlinne menttoaed above.
To decompose water by gslvsniwn :—Take a
narrow glass tube, three or four inchea long ; fii
each end with * cork penetrated by a piece of
slender iroe wire, and fill the lube with water.—
Let the ends of the two wiree within the tube be
distant from each other about three quartera of an
inch, aod let one be made to communicate wnh
the top, the oibf with the hoiiom of a galvanic
pile in action. On snaking this communication,
bubbles of air will be forrard, and ascend to the
lop ol the lubo, the water decraaaiog ai it ia de-composed.
The nxygen end hydrng^n formed by this eipe.
nmerit may be recomuostd in ihe same wriffbi of
water. Tske any quantity of the oxygen and by*
ilioffen gaases in ihe proportions already mention-ed
; *ginlu ihem by the electric spfcik and ihey
produce a quantity ol water equal in weight to iho
gjsees employed. 1'Jiua, Iheu, we can convert
w.ii ' inio air, iind nTiinu-rt this air into water
and ihe proportion! hold a* *bo*e.
The electric s;iark or i.i.ilu i of lightning, pass-ing
Ihroggll the ii'mo-pheri', IgniMsa and dicom-poae
«4be nxyifrnand hydrogen, which ixplode,
■ i il water formed of tlo'so twn falla down in the
form uf ram. The. explosion of the g*s<<s, ss well
as ibe rushing in of the circumambient air Io re-piore
the equilihiiom, will uccnuut for I lit- clap and
!<■ al of thunder, i- ihe d<com|>osilinn 3ml iguitiou
of lhem will acrounl for ihe water or rain which
is aiteridautof a thunder smrru.
Evaporation is produced by the heat of the sun.
The particle* of vapour ben g lighter than the air
on ihe fcurface, |Ki nd mlo the atmosphere, till
tin y ennie lo o regtOfl wht-re the air is of their own
denvity. lln-re they aro form d into thi-ir clouds
and becoeM Ittlpendedi When, by the suui'rn
passages of lightliirig, or by winds snonuly ngiia
tinar lUeee clondii the particles are dnvi n together
and fioodeirw d, no -\- lo be wi i^hner than ihe air
in winch lln-y flnut, then Ibe* fall down in ihe form
of rain ; ihe drop* hi ing greater or btae according
iu iln force nf momentum, or suddi-niieim, nf (he
ayiMlion bf wln'-h they *ro driven logelbor, as
well aa to ihe degree of raritv in Ihe lower ngions
of the atmo-tpherr ihroogh which thty fall.
FfAlU
It is more easy to account for ihu formation of
snow ili.tn nf hail* llml, however, ts (fi-nrraliy
suppostd lo be drops of rain frogoQ in their pas-sage
throi>j[h Ihe cold of the *-t ; and the hail is
aiways in pro|mrtinn to the size of ibe rain drop
limn which it was formed. Bui line BAOteoff does
mil appfar to br burned from a single drop ol wa-ter,
as n is found lo be composed nl many small
sphir'uict fiOleu together. Ihe centie sometime*
i-olt like enow, nnd at other I men homed of a hard
ourli ii-, winch in MM11 ca*i s has bei n ol a brown
color, capable of ignition and ekphnion* l> ■* sup-pnaed
ili.it both IHOW ind bal| owe tin rr formation
io tdrcincity ; lie Ii til bring formed m the higher
reglOM of "he air, where Ihe cold i* intense, and
tin- t-Ieeiric matt* r abundant. |lv tins agrncy it
ii iiuppusid thii ■ grt-.it nuother ol aq.i>ou« parti*
eles arc brougfal lng< id. r ami ftoien, and jn their
descent Collect other particles, so that ihe dimsity
of the sul-iance of Ihe hail stone glows less and
lea* from Iho centre, (Ins being lnniinl lir-i 111
ihe higher teglooe, *iu\ the lurfioe being collect
cd iu Ihe hiwt r. Tins theory t« t."i in nil Casei
Mipporied by lac), as in aomc inatonoei the crntri
ha* been found -1'1 aud snow like, when the sur-face
hfls tieen hard.
Hail is ihe only meteoff of (fail kind, from which
no a;>par< nl good la defiled, Rain ami d< w IO-figotate
and give life to ihe whole vegeiaj>le
world ; frost, by t xpandmg Ihe walei contained in
ihe earth pnlveriaei and icndiTs tin sod fertile ;
sim* eon rs and def- nds vi u> \n\<\< - .n .1 grain from
b* ii-g di iirored by loo swieri a frost; hui hat
doi'i none of ih-se. |i no* onlt dm-* uj good, hoi
often unich harm. It bus » chtlln g, blasnnjf etTeOt
in sprites; and aummt r, nnd ru- Ihe I.nib r plantI
M> a* lo u.jiire or loiallv ib'-trov In abort 'he nee
of hail has nnl bci-n ns^ rlaimd, bul frost ll God's
miiverssl plough, by which he culiit-iie* ihe whole
earih.
di*i*-ce i« '-'--I Ire I, or 7U1 yard*,; H Hint at I
coiids, tin i' 3V-6 ft-i-t or III- vatdl ; if four si
eunds tbt-n 'h- cloud t* d'sisnt 4509 fetl ; oi I.V.'
vards; if five second*, Ihen th*i rii«lanro is 571U
feet, or 1008 yards; if six second*, then the di-lance
is 6Hdi ffd, or 22t*4 yard*, one tn'le an
nearly one third ; if seven seconds, ih»-n Ihe di-lutee
of IIIH cloud is 7994 f* el, or 2664 yards, m
one mile aud a half and 25 yards, il »oml ihn
dislance lightning hia not been known to do an>
damage.
LoH a pusarn^cr.—Tin- N* O. Picayune relater
Ihe following. Ii is not had:
Capt. Day, of the Creole, brought Ex-President
Van Buren foin Mobile to ihia oily. Just befort
Iho Creole left Mobile, a rough, democratic coun-tryman
hailed iho Csptetn—
"Hoilo! are row the Captain 1"
"Yea."
*'Whvt d'ye charge for passage lo New Orleans?"
MS. i dollars is our regulsr price,** aa>d ihe t Cap-tain,
in hiv bland, good natured manner, "but Mar-tin
Van Buren goea over wilh us io day, and w<
oughl »o chsrge you twelve dollars."
"»h<»! The old President TH
•«Yts.w
"Well, aa I have been a Whig, righl up and
I down, all rm dava.and am yel, I reckon I enuldu'
gl«e hut about half price, luj ihree dulUrs, and be
j forced to ride o«er in the »ame host with the K .-
deihook 'inn. ll )ou won't take that I'll wait un-til
to-morrow."
The Creele lost a passenger tbst tiraa.
Prijudire.—A cai has nine live*, bul a prejn
djee baa nine liuies nine, ll dies by inches, and a-the
ran- of nn inch a century. If it assume tin
form til rt'ligmus intolerance, it never dita entirr-ly,
though ns viruler.re may be modifii d by puhln
opinion and ihe progrrs* of lime. I-MIJ/ and drea
ry is the mtt rsal between the fir«t religious rnaai
ing nf a fellow crealore and ihe repeal of the !■■-
Toil, Corporation, and Eiclusiau Act. The laa« '
we aave not \v\ reached that era, for the J> ■*-
-n'! labof under civil and other dmabiblips.—
Meanwhile, the persecuiinii of opiuion is still lei
to us, siid we may hate and malign those whom w«
hate nu lunger the power to loiment in any oitn -
way.
We have slilT, many worthy successors of tin
orthmJox old latlv who died because she would nm
swallow a doae of h,rk,"vr anylhmg else thai came
from iho*f hnrnd Jeeoita."
peik ot ihe Andes, in **ouib Aroefftoa, L'bHwboraao, wbtch
rt^e» to 21,440 feet above the level ot the fea. It m».
he truly -'ii! that the dwellers in tin- farm houae areac
'Usloiiied io move in lu(*h Ijte.
"Some people," said the deacon, at s conference
iiieeiiug, "aay and maintain thst there 'is no soul
Now I *sy there is one. There can be no donh-limit
it* I am as certain of il a* I am thsl I bav*
iual receited a load of ten fruoi China—and I Wilt
sell ii ia cheap as any other man."
LIGHTNING.
After the flash ha* In ■ n seen, the peal of thun-der
i* heard ; and this will be more or fewer se-cond*
after ili- peal, in |irn|HJTfion lo ihe dulanee
of iho thunder cloud (roan thn car. Lightning ira.
vpfaeaam spaec ari houi any pi rerivahle sugeee
•inn nt Initc ; nothing s- OOM lo be any uln-tue.'e lo
it- progresa. A muliitudeof p*>raons takmt; handgj
nerltd with the eb-etriC
rk in the aame Imtaill ;
* n enndnrtor lo go rouiid
f'dferlih
Itul ll sound
* propagai1 •», sml
of only 1112 f- ei n
k in ihe Mm*
(H-ndson Ihe
i»
Bash wi re nnl. 1 1 12
nuld lu> seen in one
pendulum, before lb*
though the clap and
Kline it'ftianl, and if
nnd*, and so on.
tin first and Hn- la*i
machine, nil feel lln
ttmi ware Mitre a eh
I|I«- g'i In , the tnsi w
moment at ihe grab
Ultdillationa of the nn lm
I»IIOWII in tnvi I al ihe rn
-• eond ; eoi srqui nils il ihi
feel from the spectator, it i
••econd, or one awing «•( 'he
sound could rraeh the cat,
th» Main latte plane in ihe
twice tin* disianm , two see
ll t« of some eonat rpif nee to know thai light
riingat • considerabledistanee, aoppowa six or eight
-. conds of iiitie, ia never known In trim, kill, nr
do iiijtirt; win i»iI,, fla-h ami the clap immediate
ly -'-('<-i i -I i ,i--ii mher, tin ri there is 'inn jr giouml
for Ipprehotilinni, an ihe thunder cloud in near.—
If the thunder cloud tn* a mile and a half diatml
ii is ri'-v- t known io kill man or heaat. Now Ns
distance mat he easily known by means of a pen-flulum
Ql»rU, or watch thst has lafoaidl, when iht
II iah is PI en, count 'he seconds until ihe clip Is.
heard. Then compute: If nnlv nne second i-eimut*
d, tlnn tin ihnndci cloud ia within 1142
feel, or ahnui 960 varils : if two seconds, then ii«
Salutation.—In aomecountries they rub noses;
in others Ibry pull one another's ear* ; the Fraoki-plucked
out a hair and preseuled it ; ihe Japan. *
take off their slippers when ihey meei. Iu somt ot
ihe South Ses lelaneje, ihey spit in their funds, lin'
then rub )our face lor log ; in oihera, il is tin
height of politeoess to fling a jir of water ovei
your I'm ri I. In Ainenes, we nod, bow, couriov.
stuke hontls, take ofT our hats, or k>ss ; end lie
science coronals in knowing on what occa«inn».
and with whal persons, these respective modes of
•aluiHiioi' an* In he pursued.
One ol the firM surgeon* in Mew Orkan* wa-snld
in tht* C'lv almut twenty year* ago for hia p*»
lag* more)- l»v tin caplam of ihe-hip whirh broug'i'
I him oier from Germany. He waa bonifhi by ••
' strgi'un, who gave him some mental employment,
itul soonlikmg his intelligence he tuok hnn Ink
| Ins ahop and g.i*e htm a thorough medical edu '»
| tinn. After a while his pstron died,and the loofcl
11 m hui in immediaiely laid atefe lo 'he widow'-
heorr, which soon yielded lo his attacks, and Ihet
Were roamed : Hi now ia an alderman immense!-
e/ealth) *od ha* the honor nf hting; s nd for $25,
000 for having improperly cut off a man** leg.
T.i cure at0r*O tfcioi with the if oof on —Take a
■IMMMtful "I"alum anil IHO ol catfl jn-1r>- ; pul%eriiN
and rmx well log. iber, IBM n sprinkle th« |Miwibrm
lln ll'^h sub* ol ihe akin, and lav the Iwo fle-h
•idrg log. lln r—leaving ihe wool outside. Tiien
fold up ihe whole sfciu as light aa you-can ami
hang in a drv piano ; J£ two or Ihree daya aa *om<
as dry lake down,and sKrape with a blunt knife til
el« an and aupple 'I his complete* Ihe proeesa.
and makes yon a most excellent aaddle cover. If
uh> n you kill your umiion voOJ In at the skins b
this way, you can gel mnre for Ibem from the sad-til'
rs ih.ni vuu can for the wool and akin separileU
dirno.- d of oihirwme.
N. K.—O'uer sku.s which you deaire lo curt
wnh the for or hair nn may be treated in Ibe same
way —&• H'- Farmir.
A couniryuian in one nf the Western Stales, wilh
a lead of meal, drove up loa lady** door, wbcu Ihi
following brief conversation took p'.iCc :
* |) • von want any meal, ma'am?'
* tVbol do i on a-k me for a huiliel V
* Ti ii ncnti, II I'JIMI—prinn !*
1 O, I can v t il lor a fiy !'
(In a deeoajir ig voice) 'Dear Lt'dy! will you
lake n huafael tn? n»thin».r
' Is it H>.dt* __
TUB BANKRUPT LAW.
A Smsihr F.ict.—We bear th*' in the canvass
the LoeolriCO r.nitlid.itf* are viriuouslv indiguani
at ihe llii'krnp' l..w—ifivist upon it *« a Whig
iiieasur'1, and declare it *ri t*»ue in the ean»ass.—
'I'hev denounce the l,nw In Ihe m- *i opprobrieaiP
larmi ae an odioua oornpoond uf fraud ind erlant.
and M«' ihev h-hi the Wing* reiootiwhle for n.
thuugh it laconmded by all, not abaotulcll stnm
blind, thai it eti not * party qi nation in < ongro*
Now it itrik-* us thsl if the law he thus odtOOa
mil criminal, il is dishanest in any man, whn
thinks s» to avail himself of its prosisim.s—and
yet, strange to tell, ihfae very lirtOOOl l-"*"»s are
'h first to eommil this set of fraud and .lishonor,
for ii ao hanpens, that every man, without excep
nnn. who hn* taken the benefit of the set in ihi-robniv.
ni foil blooded Lorjftfoso, while nm a sol
itIM Whig hia tiled hisiH-niinn!—Char.{ lo.) Ad,-.
•he iinlnnCa
JjtiRKJuduci
" For inon I
Th* Hitk+tt Rwtdmei nn tk* Glohe —The hirhe*t
inhabited plaee Upon 'he lace nt Ihe gtnba, i* a farm
huniie, situaied IkWO feel above the level of the aea.
'iemg an elevation ol about two and a half mile* Thin
lovely and elevated habitation is attuatcd on the highest
SPEECH OF HOD- WJL A. t.RAll 1M,
or iruaTa caaoLina.
Oi the 13ih of April, 1843,ibe Loin bill being
under cumuli -ration—
Mr. tJRAHAM addressed Ihe Senate aa follows:
Mr. Prcaideal: In the diviaion ol the labora ot
ibis body il baa not fallen lo my lot to base an\
• special charge of the Buancea and eipcndnuri*
•f the Government. But, hemp called upon n
•ote for an additional loan for ihe public errvice, •
Mvi- felt myself coiistrsiued to eaaraine win ih-i
■ waa deiwanded by necessity , and being now N<
fi< (I that such necessily exists, 1 ennsl bcapea*
:ie jTiitu tics of Ihe Si-naJe wlnli) I eiidtutoru
slence, and tin: cau*CS Oy wh'Cll It ll ■
ruduced. #
than five >f'ar« past the cxpendiiurt t
•i Ihi- (• ivernmen" ha*e eieerded. Very fai ev
•etbd, ita roionoVe. . By an olBcial documei
row ' li« Treaaury Deparlment now before oie, •
i- plainly demoiistrated Ihal, in four years, frmi
in l«l of January, 1937, lo ihe l»t of Jauuarv
1841, the eipendtinr.n were above onehundno
•od twelve millions of dollars, whilst, in the same
nne, the aggregate income from revenue was bu
ight)-lour millions of dollar* in round numb* r».
being an average annual expenditure of twei.l)
ight million*, wnh an annual rrvenuv ol bin
vteuty one milliuiiB of dollars. I omit the Irae
none of millions to simplify the atnleuienl. I
hus appears that, during that space of tune, ex
lenrtnure exceeded revenue by twenty eight rni.i-
•on ol dollars. (See appendix.)
In the four yeais from the 4>h of March, l-:57
» the 4thof March, IW1, the pnciae period I-I
v|r. \ ao Hurei.'a Administration, iho exceao m
• xpenditure over revenue is anil more aurpri*mg.
ll amounted to more than thirty one milhona nl
follars. being an average annual esceas of e«
lensc over income of near eight millions per ye*r
—an expenditure greater in four years than would
iave been yielded from ibe average revenuea in
live years arid a half.
Such having been ihe condition of our monein
>f ifTiirs during thn past Administration, the won
It r ia, not ihal we ore compelled lo borrow nanj
'■ ii buw ihey avnidul a greater debt heretofore.-
Having expended thirty-one millions of dollar* b*
.nnd iheir income from revenue, that would natm
ally he expHcted to he the amount uf debt whirl
he* left io iheir auccessora on ibe 4 h of March
1S41, inalrad > f fiie and o half nnllions, whit I
Ui y admit. Such would ha** bean ihe amount i '
lebl left hy ihem upon tin country, had tbcy.lil*
•'her AdmimstraiiuiK, had no other mean* lo ex
ptfltd bul such as Ihev ihemstlves raised. Rnt
■*'r, it was their good fortune to inherit a full Tree-
-■iry, in ready in«ueV| and to have falnng into . •
ti convenient periods during ihi:ir larae, milIioi<
'■poej millions nf capital stock, (not current rcti
• ue*,) which had been laid up by 'he (lovcrnmei •
Irtim ihi- contributions nf the peoplo in previou-
• caii. The surplus in the Til nsurv waa sever
leen millions ol dollars, nine of winch had beei
directed 10 be li-umfi-rred 'o the Slaiea, as Ih
fourth insislmenf under the depotiiu act of ISH0
iVlne inillions more were rcciived hy them fion
■Ii bis due to the United State*, principally, llaarwi
*hollv, for ihe wilt a of Ml -' .<k in ibe late Hn i
f the United States, at $1I«F> per share. Addu g
bear together, you ha»c tweniy six million* o
lollars of eitraotdmary means, nver and ah*>»
hn revenue, expend, d bv the iatr Atlmiiiistralini
Vel, in addiiion lo ihis, they borroweeJ fi*e and
naif million* ol dollars by the fa-ue ol Tre**ni>
oles, which were dblatanding at the end of ihi i
eno, making in all mure than lhirtv-*>ne Million*
.•f extraordinary means- Recnlbct, loo, thai ih<-
vil dunng a period when ihei had a lanrTnf d>.
lea, on all the \-< i.cipal articles yielding reienaji .
■ reraging forty \^r cent. Yel, sir, we who If-
■ound lo votri for this loan att- taunt- d by the sd-herenia
of ihe lale Administration by being told
iMat we arr running the nation in tb bf. Thn. re
proof, if dr*er*fd at all, would come with better
■ -ace from those who could show a baiter admin
'•'ration of the finances while in iheir chirgp.—
The distinguished and abb- Senator from Peoneel
>auia(Mr. Buchanan) proclaim' d in tin- il.-ru-
•inu the other il .\ that a Wii'g AdimoiairMiiou, in
• he abort *pace ef birleen muntlH, was, by Ibll
m I, ahnul in friii-iiiiiiu.il.' a public debt of sesei-nn
initiinus of iloliart, in additioii io Ihal of Rv<
ml a half nnHinn* ol dollar*, which lie adaail>
was contracied hv Iheir ,iredi ets-or-. Hit, 111'-
uav be very criminal; hut, lake it without iny nl
he palliation or apolofv m be fouutl m ihe ib fi
•lency ol ihe revenue aid lh« w nit* of the pub
tC service, did ihe Senator and hi* In.-int- do nei
ler when ihev had nt,**e«aiou of tin- (iovemmeui I
I'm- verv firal act of Congress, al ihecalhd s*-s-ion
mill, r Mr. Van Hun n, was an act tu hoi row
nne miJImns of dollar* which had been given b
he Slate* hy the bounty of Congress; (I sny gi*
o, hecau-e, although u: legal form il was hut a
lb posit a for cuaiody, in subslance and intention,
it bast on the pail nf many, it was a gifi ;) sml
ll ibe ael nf Congnss io which I refer, the lians
i r is nn it Iv p.i-■ [io... <l until ihe l«t of Jaiiusrt,
IH39, but a repeal of Ihe gift is avoided- Toil
wa* the first movement uf Congress under thnl
vdmiinstralinn, and the Meond is like union;
hat ia, su act to borrow ten millions nf dollar* h.
'he iasue of Tressury notes. By deduction* e-tlttlllf
fair wilh those nf !he honorable Senator, |l
* shown thai, noi iu thirteen months, but in sev* n
month*, after cnmmg into power, the Adimnistr
nnn nf Mr. Van Hu'en borrowed nineteen millm
nf dollars. This was alleged at Ihe lisBO to be
indispenisbly neceisary, because of the mdul-
|e*M t- given lo iiirirhant- on iiut. I ii- by an
SBt of thai session, and Hn failure of Ibe de|W>*ilo
• inks tn pay ihe amounts due from ih- m io Gni*
mment; and Ihal these messures wore io bu
merely temporary ui.nl these means could be real,
tied. Bm, although the merebante awe) the banka
nnl up what ihey owed, y« i ibe fourth inetalav nt
was never paid to the States, of whom it waa bor-
•owfd, and Treaaury notes wrra kept afloat by n-
-uingand redeeming again and again, leaving fire
md a ball millions outstanding when that Admiq.
'*t rs t ion closed.
[Mr. Woodbury would reeaark lo thn Senator
hat there was ynl due tl00,000 or ftoo.fHiO from
ihe banks of Miasissippi, and he believed #80,-
000 from the Book of the United States-]
[ Mr. l.tam t No. the last has been paid. The
Mississippi banks are all who have nor paid]
Mr. GRAHAM resumed. Thai I* too trifling
HI amount to constitute the slightest apology for
'ailing lo pay the fourth ineialm«ut and redeem ill
•he Treaaury notes iwued. It bears no proportion
u the nine million* of ihe former, and the fi*«
• nd a half millions of lb* latter. Ii now distinct,
v appear* Ihal Ihe Slales lost Ihe fourth in*lal*
neut winch had been promised them and a per-oaueiit
d» bt of five and a kali million* was tii.d
m the country, not by reason of the tlefalcuiioni
•t "the iiietehsma and the bank*,** which.for aeina
'•me, were represented a* Ihe aajureei of all ihe
Is which befell tbe Uofernment, lot bu lull ihn
xp> utbiurt a du*ing the last AdrOHHstratlOfl Hire
railed io an annual average ammini nl twiiny.
ghl m.lhons nf dollars per y«ar. W itb a rtvo*
•me admttled lo be d« fiennt by iheir very fiist
UQU nf legislation, and nlueh, by regulatioii of
■he compromise act of 18:**, waa lo decline mate-rially
during iheir continuance in authority, a i*a*
ein of eiptnae was pursued, which not only uvi r-
'40 the yearly income* and exhausted all lln eain-ng|
of pieviou* ycais, but su|iersdded a national
lODt besides. A guardian who should thus man-iga
the estsle of hi* ward, would find no just
naase for wonder in his removsl from ofRce.
We sre now told however, that, although the
average rale of eipenditure wss large, Ihe grailua.
i ion was downward ; and tl ha* been repealt dlj a
■alter uf boa»i, Ihal, in the last year of Mr- Van
Ituren, the whole amount expended waa bnt Iweu-
■ v-two siid a half million* of dollar*. And tl i* ve>
•eon utly contended, that the e»p« rienci of that
year showa that aum to he ihe ample*! amnuiii lur
iiinua • i['(nsr- ; and, nulred, ihal it should l-ill
■ i« low il. Sir, I hope n will he found lo be enough
'.a the yearly enppori ol (iuvernmrnt. II we can
avoid wsr, I hope lo see the annual eapemt« re*
ilueod to tweniy million*. Bui a virv casual t a-aininalion
af Ihe legivtatioa of lN30-'40 will *how
nl the rra-on why no oioie than iweuly Iwo and
• half millions was eiprndes* in the Isller yeai was,
• mi the Admtiitstrslior had no more io eajH nd.—
I'IIP aevenleen mill » which they li<und in the
Treasury «ere gone ; ihn nine onllion* of dil.it
a Inch they had collected were gone, in addition 10
helf current revenues ; and a Presidential eleclioi
being on hand, n wn« noi deemt d pmdt-ni at thai
■•oenent to reaawt to the inking power to rinse new
iipplns. The perennial foAniaiu of Treasury
notes, il il true, sir still kepi open, but for -■ ■ (11 -
'lent nsson* il waa not eipt dienl to swell tin a-
• mint of ibawe in Ihe mnnlhly puhli*ht d siaieu.enl.
V1* hit, tin n. was the wisr meisnre wf econoiu) and
■ ireiichim nt wJneh was adopnd lo bring down
xpenses lo luconi' ? *A'a* an oat less branch uf
*. rt'iee cut ntTT Were all the objecja which year-i
coit Ihe (ioverninenl money eannnrii d, and ihosa
•truck ofT and discontinued which were not suppos-d
io be worth what ihey would cost in laic* upon
lip people f No, sir. A new expedient wa* de>
.I»MI. Apprnprialiona were made aa usual in all
'ranches of expenditure ; Congress thereby declar-er
that ihe nbjt eta of appropriation were pro|»cr,
ind were aiill to nceivc the patronrge of Oufero-nent.
Bu' a provi«u was inserted in the appnu.ri.
ilmn hill*, an lm. I g the Pi> sident nl the I'ui-d
Siales "tu pt ,>lftont the ripenditurei1' in case
1 a ih hciency nl revenue ; 'Such pontpom menla,
i each case, lo be merely tempitrart/, or until i he
n*e of the |M It s* **ton of Congri *a," mnuifestly
molting ihal llieae luhjecli of appropriation,
hough "u-jn ml. d niomiutirily fur the wain uf
tnoneffi sre all, thereafter, lo be resumed and fin-
■abed.
If, by such resorts ss these, the public aspen*
■ilium wire rtduccdin 1840 lo twenty-two and a
half millions uf dollars, il furnishes surelv no oc*
■ .ismn lor the author* of thai reduction to boasi of
their economy, nor lo sccuse their successor* of
• xtravagance in completing Ihe wnrka which ihe*
n»d hegVOt In the mini .ry r*tahliahinrni, ihe es.
.••iidn n was nearly a million lesa in 1040 than
in 1M39. why T Becauae, under the authority
n| ih. x. prnvisii.ua in the acta of Congress, ihe
President could arrest ihe operation* ol ihe me.
hamc and laborer nn ihe puhlm work* wnh hii
ainiiu r or trowel in hand at midday, aid w'nM
'ii* contract w%* yet uoexpned, itiM,,gn the walls
•*f ibe barreeks or quart>M In winch ihev labored
were but half hm-bid, with an assumed , hn*. v-i
r, thai the worki were not abandnmd, bul only
-iispend'd until Congress should provide addition'
at means for carrying them on meanwhile ihe
Presidential election will he over. In like m.iti.
ru r, seven or eight hundred theuiaud doll-ir* are
-4ved I', suapending the works on fortification!
.mil leaving the half finished watlvnf youi lortre*|.
*s io wind and weather, until t1 e Treasury shuuhj
he replenished. Air. President, thin course nf
■emporary rednriion, to make a fair showing in the
imhmeiie of eipendilurs, so far foro bein;' econ-omy
wa* neglect of duly. Either ihe military e*.
tabliahment aud Ihe aystem of fnrti6catioe»—Iba
number nl men in ihe arms, and their hnrraeks and
quarters; the srmuries.nrienuls.foris.tfcc —should
have been permanently lrs*ened. or ddequale rev*
eottOI IwUtJM heie been provided lo supi>or( and
parry them on t iTieieiitly. The policy which waa
adopii d nece-s.nU expottd ihe public, property
in dilapidation, expreaily intended no pennmii nt
reduelion in expense, and threw over upon 'lie
vear 1 ■* il many of ihe in-cuniarv burdens ulnth
properlv belonged lo 1040.
MrsPreaident, in tracing ibeeaneesof the eror