The patriot and flag [March 13, 1857]

              atrat aitfo Jfiajj
VOLUME XVII GREENSBOKOUGH, X. C, FRIDAY, MARCH 18 1857. NUMBER 924.
8u5Uif55 Garbs, t-k patriot anb flag.
■». M'ERRV, WITH BELL, i>tBi.l-.i'J> WEKKLV BY
\ l I'AfK v CO., Importers and M g SHERWOOD & JAS. A. LO
... "TlffieS^NewYort.' EDITOBS AXD PBOMUETOKS.
. LONG,
.
T,:;i"S: S2.00 A VEIL IN IDViXCE:
. \!>I:I.^> J
|-.i^Vi Having removed to NJ.'.l- iii'l'T linvr months, ami -1.08 iiflrrlw
*»- i, N.C., will Bite nil regularly the launlhs Irnlll llir ililtt' «f Ml!isn'i|)Iilill.
...Ifoun and llanietl < oun-s;
x ii
p. I: I \ Mil.n*
RITES (Ii MHERTISl.MG.
One dollar persquare (liUeen lines) foi Ihe
\lii;i:"(»X *• REl'XOI/DH, i.rn- ,;,., .w.,v_ „,,; lupiiiy.fiva rents ior every
i mm—ion Merchant*, Xo. ....,.,.k ihrreafter. Deductions mailein favor
,. ,••■ re, Not ■■• «a. ol slaiidiiq; adverisemeiils as follows:
. i. ' •'' ''•'"' ' 3 MONTH*. 6 MONTHS. I TEAR.
">'■■' ".')''■'«' " ' '" ' OueiKiuare,
« l„ i. |ii n arm. •■- IV
c.um.i.iii-^^vroii.rn
< Mereliai Is, v. iiiuingloii, .<-
iai 11 i selling ' • "■' ■';-'1
A, .- 31, 1K65-Iy.
r.... 'i S-5.80 88.00
7.0(1 io.ro 14.00
, w srvitos. ,V,-: " Cirol.) 10,00 15 00 20.00
.Commission and "-' eoluiun, 18 00 25.00 3SO0
/'
THE INAUGUEAh ADDRESS.
The f ilinwing is the inaugural address
/:. t. i. HIM.. UlUI r"ORK, Da- 0f President Buchanau:
N. i
rift. JOIIS SH'ASS. Ha- settled per- ibis day to take lira solemn oath "that)
I ■ II•■ i .'- 011 I' ... i-. will faithfully execute the office of Presi-
JCIMJ Settlement, and oilers his .""or- dent of the United States, and will to Ihe
best of my ability, preserve, protect and
11 Kl'K IH'TCMISOX, <«n»niii.s- defend the constitution ol the, Liiited
'j, Nlutl Meri'l:an«, th.uloiie, X. C.. Stales."
. I;.,II, l oni. \\ heat );, entering upon this great office, I
II ' in I'n - in Charlotte, ,„ust |,UI,1U|V invoke the God of our fath-v
•• ' • ■ it.eralaUvai.ee- ^.g for wisj01„ ;„„! firnmes* to cxeente Us
i. Ii ami resp• onsible dutie.s in . a m. a.nne,r '
, ... -.. \ .;,, . as to restore harmony and am-ieiit Irtcuel-
Llun: f-■ - II ship among ihe people of the several States,
1 »■• uml '..i preserve cur free institutions!
i \* Ol'lli K.\ dc.dei i S-hou! lliron«h"Ul many generations. Con"inenl
v, ,, ,, i stM fosc thai I owe my election to the inherent love
IVork- in (ieiier.il l.neralure; for the coostiluiion Mid the I iiiini which
:, ,,... M . , ms, .Musio ami si ill animates the hearts of the American
• M -i -' I'e k*i Music people, lei me earnestly ask their powerful :
I* SHutioi.ery, fcc. support in sustaining all just measures cal-!
, i aie romeoufl. h. oe-.- e,i.il.a,te,d,to 'p. er'petua. t. e th.,ese, th• e. richest po-
Iitical blessings which Heaven has ever be-
< Id. IS. Ul-l.i-t & BROTHER, slowed upon a nation. Having delcrmin-
\ j i ia !-. .. I'I l'e. ..i- ". eu not lo become a candidate for re-election
. i, •' ■'■ I'rovi-ions No. II. | .; ,| i.lU. ,,,, moliie to inliueiiec my
W iliiisii-lon. \. C. conduct in adiiiiiiistcrin-> the coverninent
1.1.1 > ■■•'■-■ ''■■ >
t ■-'■-■ except ihe desire ably and laithlully to
se, Horn I"',""r- serve my couiitry, audio live iu the grate-!
... i racket--, fetarrh, Oils. , - , •
, Ma memory id my rouiitr^uici).
. :...;.\( /;-:. vv'- h-i\e icccntly passed ll.rouph a
I ',•• . ' tin ereial, iHi au„li!. i( lv,> ... 'pr,es.ide,n,tia•l co•ntest iu which the passio,.ns
t ot tt iluiiiiaiou I i ot our fellow citizens were excited to the
,. , . . highest decree bv ouestions ol deep and
v.: i! importance, hut when the people pro-eu.
inii d tiicir will, the tuwpcsi ai once sub-
. ". ■■ I ^...i .. and all «:.- ralui.
[»MI> t. I.O\«., ATTOUXEV AT] 'i'l-e voice of the tnajority, speakin«r in
,| '. t the manrivr prescribed by the constitution
was heard, and instant sutimissloii loliow-j.
i!i% w. i-ins:. ittornej «< ;:( ,„.r,AU1 Cl.ttll,rj ..,./,; uu„,e |lilVB
'' ll,! ■ iVu"»u ■ ■''"''\'" '." e.\liii.itcd so grand and striking a spectacle
i:,.> L.. « ... ■ ■ ■' '■ •' ' ■•■-.. . .. ,.. , . '
. I...,,., .„. : loihltnl, ami of tue capetly ot man lor scH-t.ovcr.-iment.
., „ eooe-.tion ol all \\ hal a happy c.nceplioli. then, was it
!:l ugri'ss lo np| ly lli.s simply ruii—
915 tf. I that the «.ii .■! ti.. inajoriiv shall gmern—
■ lo liie scllletiieut <•: t:.. iiuestli filollie-.- *
I " -\vi ..-N l -.N:I :i- . ' . .
I nitlt UUtKE. < i nt Cotoni.il "v. slavery in the terrtt-rtis. I ongres^ ,s ,
, ..,■ leniiessee. S. & !-'::l legislate slave, v into any tetrilo-rj
or I-:;..ii.- nor to exclude It Iherefioiu ;
■ Lamer, lali ol the Ijmiei lint tj leaie llicpioplc thercol perfectly
| I S-airpsoii Liuier. i,,-... to lorm iinii regulate their doiiiesiic
•■ i.widl y to meel lusi-iulioiis in their own way. subjiet iiiiyl
' ••"" """- to the c.H-litulioii of the I nit d Sti.tes
\ have am.i .* ."■. iinoitatii . .": A, sa natural, coii-eoiience, ,I. (Uiuress ,has
'.■I.— I. , ., ' . , ...
;.I.I. preseriheu that when ihe territory ol .
1V.\ I n.& niM.UM l.-SfOIT, Kan.-as shall t .■ admitted as a Stale, it
i A l I''l.M '■ - .1 I '.'.'• i..i.v- ■• -liail be icieivcd into the tiiioil with or
'■■■ ' ' . :- ' ; wiihvut slavciv. as liieir colistiliiiii.ii may
"' ,;' ' ■ ' -,; ' 'a\"!- pre-, .....! li.'c lime of their admission.-
.< M...i-ri nt opinion nag arisen in fegaril
W P. Kl.t.uni :. il.i j inl ol Him when the I eople of a
Iuferloli .V illiioli <••-• ■ r..' t omini.- teriitori shall decide the iiiKSiimi tor theiii-
i '•;I••i": il ",'I.'la-' ie'r,' ,I 'I; -te"rn" -_ 'i'tis is, h::"ppi!■v, a m„ailer. if I it.!. I
. ,, K 3 1) practical .iii'mrlain-e. Ilesides. it is a jii-iilei-
i ijucsdoli which leuiiiu.alely liiion^s |
Nt. l'lti:i;H(\, «nu Abltwll, ,. tin -.-ej .un, ( ,.i.r: ■•! tin Luiti d Slates,
• Jones At * o.. In-;.i.-.- ami Ji.li- I,,...., Him,,, ii is now peiiiling, and will it
1 •" ■'• '' "';-' -N"- ' :; isuudiislMid bcspeeo.iv ami finally s. I-!
lied. I o ihcir decision, in ciimmoii with
j;i:ij;it >•> . lll\TO\, I'OniDliK illpnd citizens, I »n..ll cheeitulli sui.mil :
-inn »lel l li:ill!. 11 -\\ S I'tHM' I whamver ibis max be, ll.,.ii_li II" has i\.i
. II i. '. niiiii I.I .ii i |- mi n il .it iiudi r ii.,
.'' 'selli'iu I.I-....- N,|.r..ska-Kai.sasi-ei ii.. ai.propiiaiepni.d
i, , ,..i i >: ■■ - \.-. Also i i ,, , , . i ' ■
A.I: he when Ihe uuiiiherol uclualresioci.ls
,.(.//.,. - i. II. tun; Ksip. Wake, X j "..the li-rr.t«r> shall J.IM.JJ the formal
, |;_ |; ... ;....., .,,•,! l\ llaj- j ol a couslillilloii Wlli.a view to it-admission
. N.'l' . V\tn. I'iiiii.mei as a Male into the I nioii. I.ut In H.i> ;.s
i i tnr.y, il is ilie j in■ ■• i . • i \ i- ami ii.dispeiisa-
: :.. i- «fil :iv.
Ii •'■ ,1< iiilinlnill. I ii ml lp< nt.
V• W111, - ainl i-n'.er tlovenimeni
l.»-.iv I H | \\ ari.iui-. II ake mvesl
•- t-T . ai.-:- al V\ . -lei II rates. ,'..\
ive-. .!-. . .. u . ., general r ai ,•-'..-,• ! u
"* 'I .^.. e-oia Iowa a:nl V\"isci-ii>iii
'--. M \| esota.
'•'•'": :•• .: . M. II. !, : end, (ienrae t'
' i ''•::..! :. . ... Wall, .'..vi mi..-... John .\.
. i-;.ii. iss : .
«»ifi ii .•» i ri.i:% i DMMINMON
die iluly of Uie gi.ieri.uicul nl ihe I uiled
Siale- I.. >. ear.' lo . eery resident iuhahi-ini.
t the In .- ainl imlepeiid^iu expressiiiu id'
Ills opinii.ii b\ his vole. This sacn d ri-iln
nt each iiiiiiiidual ..nisi he pr. serveil 'i ha,
hcing a. eo..i| hshed. u. ihing .-:-n he lair, r
than l ■ leave I lie people ol a lernlorv. ;.. <■
-.-. ■ Ii : i'I ;. i. int. i.. n nee lo decide tin .:
i.wu ii, .-iin\ lor ihen.si In s. siil'jecl oi.h to
il... .-.ui'i.ii..!...-i ..' ihe I uiled Stales.
I i.. wind. leriiloM.douesiioii li ing ll.en
VV'tlltl il \. | Tl.i:i lO.M.MIsMON sell I pon the principle ol popular so'-
.... ...... -. I ..-..-...- crcignlv—a iiiii.ciiile asaneii'iit :.s ihe VIIV-I
ermneir. H-eil -cU'ryihiiiL- of a practieal ua-
\\',l. II. i:i:i:< ■:. <0\-l tltl.r. turchas hi en ileciiiiil. .No other. |iit sif.n
It i I • :M ; \ ,iue.i,l t'. the collect ion ] remains i.-i aiiji.-lnn nt ; la i-an-e a I! ;c;.'-
Ins can- w uli prompt- iliat, under the ei.iisiiiutioii slatery in tin
'•'••* "v'l I' siOliu-e Jame-iowu j Siai.s i.- I.eM.itd ihe reach ■! any hiiu.au
■'--' ;,:"- power. >-.\.-. pi lii-i i-f the respective States
\\"U>o\ .^ HI. i|tl>. i;i:\r.i; \|. '' selns wherein it exists. May We not
Del . i... ;u |;,., ;:._. ihen. ho].e that the long a-iilali.ii .-I llos
"^-A lurk,—s-jiecial atlei lion pai.l to siii.jecl Is apprioehing its ei d. and that the
I ti , t'o'.lon and other Southern geiuraphical parlies lo wh'ch it has jriwn
.'" birth so dreaded bv the i'i-tnerol his (.'i.un-i.
advances male on CO..M-:„. llv „,;, ,,,,,,1^ ',,m.„ie extinct: M,.-t
., , happv will it IK- for I lie country when the
\\ II. N't K 4111 & €«.. I At - puhln-mind shall he di verted from tl,--
:I-H,% All,, i,MI. ..ucstioiiio other of more nresstin« and
- useolI Cotton Hour, k , ir ,„,.„„,, 'J"|,roU|{ho..t the
• • ■ ' ..-.-.-..-. I i.rner l'n..ee>- • , . ' . , . i ; i I
.. |„ ;,„„. .N c *llol« I'-focress of this agitation, ulmli has
- • i i oiisigi.H.euts. s.-.u-.-.K known any intermission lor more
than twenty years, whtlsl it has been pro-
■ - ductire ofno positive iiood to any human
'" ■' ' ; i -i, being, it has been the prolific source -.1
N
X
U
( "'" S«"»--Vi-- great evil* to the master: to the slave, aad
.' Marom Court House. S C la the whole country. Ii has alicnatedaml
'KKJux fc Co, Lfsinjton. X C. estranged the people of the sister Slates
froui each other, and has even sericnsly en-danaered
the very existence of the I Dion.
Nor has the danger yet entirely ceased.
Under our system there is a remedy for all
mere political evils in the sound sense and
Bober judgment of the people. Time is a
great corrective. Political subjects which
but a few years ago excited and exaspera-ted
the public, mind have passed away and
are now nearly forgotten. But tins ques-tion
of domestic slavery is of far graver
importance than any mere political ques-tion,
because, should the agitation contin-ue,
it may eventually endanger the person-al
safely ..! a large portion of our country-men
wiitre the institution exists, in that
event no form of government, however ad-mirable
in ii.-i.-il". ami however productive of
material Leiielits, can compensate for the
I..-- ..I peace and domestic security around
llie family altar, i.r. every Union-loving
man, therefore, exert his best influence to
suppress this agitation, which, since (he re-cent
legislation of Congress, is without any
legitimate oojeet.
It is an evil omen of the times that men
have undertaken t.. calculate the mere ma-terial
value ol the Lniuti. Reasoned esti-mates
have been presented ol the pecuniary
profits and lo-.-.il advantages which would
result to iihlerc.it States and sections from
its dissolution, and of the comparative in-juries
which such an-event would inflict on
uili.-i Slates and sections, liven descend-ing
in i.iis low and narrow view ol the
mighty ..'. -stiiui. all such calculations are at
fault. The bare reference to a s.ingie con-sideration
will he conclusive on this point.
We :o presi nt enjoy a free trade through-out
our extensile and expanding country,
such as the «otid mver witnessed.—The
trade :s conducted en railroad* and canals
—on noble rivers ami arms of the sea—
which bind loge.her the North and the
South, the East aud the West ol our cou-lederaev.
Amiiiiilaic this trade, arrest its free pro-gress
!.-. I he geographical lines of jealous
and hostile States, and you destroy the
prosperity and onward inarch of the whole
aiK1 * very part, and involve all in one com-mon
ruin, in.: such considerations, im-portant
as luey ureiu themselves, sink into
iu&iguilicatice when we reliect on the terri-fic
i v 11 - which would result iioai disunion
n) evert portion of li.ecoufeileracj—lothc
Xorlb I.I.I more* li.au lothe South, to the
I1.I.-I net III. re Ihan lothc Wist. Thc.-> l
:,!ia!l I...; attempt lo portray, because ! feel
an humble .-in....I. nee that the kind Provi-dence
which inspired cur fathers' wisdom
lo flume ihe most perfect form of govern-ment
..i.'.l I'nioii ever devised by man will
not sulii-r it to perish imi il it shah have heeti
iiaei li.liv instrumental, by its example, in
the exteu-i.iu ol civil and religious liberty
throtijj In ul ii. v . r:J.
Next in in.i ■ -iiat.i.- t.i the n-iiintainance
of the t'i iistuulioii and the (."nioii is the
dun. ; f preserving tin- govcru.i.eut from the
laim, oi even the si,spieloU,ol coriuptioii.
I'ublie virtue i- the vital spirit of rcpuhl.es;
anil hisiorv proves that wkciiihisis decay-ed,
and the love of nioiicy liiis usurped its
[i,..-.. :.i h. ugh the forms ol free sovi-rn incut
in.iv reii.i.iu h.r a season, the substance h...-
■ ii parted forev. r.
Our picscnl financial condilioli is with-out
a parallel ill hisiorv. Xo nation has
ever bi lure i-v ell I'llil ..: i...->i ii from loo li.r-_t:
ii suijius in i;- treasury. This almost ne-ri
ssarilv gives birth to extravagant legisla-tion.
It produces wild schemes of expen-diture
: and begi Is a race ol s| eeulators and
j. I.: ei.-. whose ii-genniiy is i-xerled illc-o,.-
niiiiiM and pi'oinoiing . x|iedieuis in obtain
puhli': iiioney. 'I he purity of ofiicialagents,
vvlii ther riuhtiully or ivnn.giully, is su>-
jH cied. and the i-haracter ol ihe govcru-mi-
iii siiiieis in the islihitition of ihe people.
'1 i.ls l> III 11M A i. vri\ ;_l'i-:it evil.
'I'I:.- natural :.- .i.- .0 r. Ijelfrom this em-baiiiissii.
ii.t i- ;.. : | | !..| riiii. il..- snridiis
ia t!.< Irc:.-iir\ I.. -j!i,l le.ii.iuai i-ij..-:.-.
ior which a clear wairiint can he found in
ilu- eo.i-t;iiiiii II. Anoug ihcse I inight
ii.'i.iiou ihe exlin^uisl u.i nt ol ihe politic
...!■!.:; rusoii i-..- luelease ..I ihe naiy,
ul.ieh is ai | re-cut tn..iiei.i,.-.le to the pin-lerli-'
li ol OIII vi.-I 1. i.i i ;.i , I'.. ..i. ||..W ..leal
er lie) ll.al ni ai V other oaii -u. us We,I ;..-
tu 1 in- di !, in-.- .r i ur exieudeil s. a coast.
Il is 1.. vi i.d all (jiicslinin, the iriie | liii.-i-
| '•■ li,..i i:.. Ii . re i. v. iiite mi; hi lo be tot:
I. .inl It..iii ii.- p i-p!e than ihe uiitoiiiu
or.-sin lodifriy the tx|enses of a wise,
i-eouomieal and i liieii nt ailmiinstrutiiiii ol
ihe guvi-r.ill.cnt 'in r> ..i h ibis piiinl it
v.as ine.--M.r\ lo rc.-i*il loan ilieatioii ol
I he I ill nil.: l.ti ill- I.i s. I 11 i..-I. 11« ell siccottl-plislu
.1 in such ;. manner as to .!.. as linh-iii|
m-v a-may Imv. been prac.ii-ahh-to our
.'.-ii.. sli- niiii.nt.eir.ii -. esjM cially those ne-eis-
aiA to iI.i- ti. i.-i.. c ul the country.—
Anv •;!-. ;:.i.:i .ii--i. I-.:. p.-iiiieur.ir branch,
loi ih. | urpose ol hemiiili'g lav-.teil .-. r
| ni.ii i.-i.-. ii -.I", ul.:;.Is. or inl. rr.-is would
ban- IH-I-II ei ji.-t :.. il e r. si .-! the com III u-nilv.
and iiniiiisis-i-nt wiili thai spun .,f
I,.111.CSS ill... ii:.:..i-\ vvfirli ought I" p.v-i-
rii in tin aiijUsliii, ;.l n! ii im IIIII- I.null.
lint liie sipiatiilering oi ihe public money
sinks ii.i. nparalive insignificance as a
temptation lo corruption win-n c.n.par. <!
with the suu-i.idc.-iii!! i-f the public lands.
,\" nation in llie.ide "I nine has ever
been blessed will, so.ieh ami noble inbeii-laiice
as We enjoy in (he public land*. In
ailn.iuisterii.g this imp. riant trust, whilst
it mav he wise in grain portions of tltcm for
■!:.- -iiipri.vemi'iii •>! ihe remainder,yrl we
should never forget that ii i- out cardinal
pnliev lo reserve these lands as niueh as mav
be lor actual settlers, and this at niodenle
prices. We shall thus not only best pro-mote
the | rospeiitv .'I the new Suites and
Territories by furnishing tin in a hard) and
independent raeeo! hoilesl and industrious
citizens, hut shall secure hoiiies fur our
children and .-ur children's children, as
weil as for ibose rx.,e- iron, foreign shores
who r.iiiv -elk in tins country to improve
their condition, and to enjoy the blessings
of civil and religions liberty. Such emi-grants
have done much to promote the
growth and prosperity of the country.
They have proved faithful both in peaee
and in war After becoming citizens, thev
are entitled, under the constitution and
laws to he placed on a perfect equality with
the native-born citizen ; ind in this char-acter
they should ever be kindly reco"ii'z-ed.
The federal constitution is a grant from
the States to Congress of certain specific
powers; and the question whether this
grant should be liberaHyor strictly constru-ed,
has, more or less, dividend political
parties from tiie beginning. Without en-tering
into ihe argument, i desire to state,
at the commencement of my administration,
that long experience and observation lu,s
convinced me that a s'.ih-t construction of
the powers of the government is the oi.iv
true, as well as the only sale theory of the
constitution. Whenever, in our pas; his.
tory doubtful powers have beer, exercised
by Congress, these have never failed to
produce injurious and unhappy consequen-ces.
Many such instances mightbe added.
iflhis were the proper occasion. Neither
is it necessary for ihe public services to
strain liie language ol the eoiistitution; be-cause
:ii liie great ami usoltil powers re-quired
lor a successful administration el
tie government; both in peace and in war.
have been granted cither in express terms
or by the plainest implication.
While decp-y convinced of these truths,
1 yet consider it clear thai, under tin: war-making
power, Congress may appropriate
money towards the construction of a mili-tary
road, when this is absolutely necessa-ry
h.r 'i..- defence of any State or Territo-ry
of the l. II ion against foreign invasion.—
( ii-Jer the Const.li.tion, Congress has ihe
I. \vi-r "lo declare war," -no raise and sup-port
armies," -to provide and maintain a
navy," ami "lo call forth the militia to re-pel
invasion." Thus endowed in ample
manner with the war-making power, the
corresponding duly is required that '-tin.
luiled Siat.-s si.all protect each of tbcm
[the States] the States against invasion."
.N.,w, how is it possible lo r.';.-r.l this pro-tection
to California and our I'acinic pos-sessions
except by means ofa military road
through the Territories .1 ii.. [,'nittu States
over which men and monitions of war may
bo speedily transported from the Atlantic
States to meet and repel the invader I In
tin- event ol a war with a naval power
much stronger than our own. we should
then have- no other available access lo the
Pacific coast; because such a power would
iestiintly 11.--.' tin' route across the Isthmus
..( Central America. It is impossible to
conceive that whilst the Conslifulinn*has
espre.-slv required Congress lo defend all
tin- Slates, i: should yet deny to them, by
any l.-.ir construction, the only possible
means by which one ol these Slatcscun he
.I. lend" d. Hesidi s. the Covermiiem. ever
since its origin, lias l-.-e-.i in constant prac-tice
of constructing military roads.
Ii might also he wise to consider wheth-er
tiie love fur the I nion which now ani-mates
our fellow citizens in the Pacific
coast in iy nit he impaired by our nc-rject
ni refusal lo provide lor them, in their re-mote
and isolated condition, I lie only means
by which the power of the States on this
side of tile rocky mountains can reach them
ni suiiieieiit lii.ie to protect them ngainsl
invasion. 1 forbear, fur ihe present, from
expressing an opinion as to the wisest and
most economical mode in which the (jov-er.
in...-nt call lend i.s aid in accomplishing:
this great and necessary work. I believe
Ibal many of I he difficulties in the way
wliieh ni"v appear formidable, will, in a
■'real dearee, vsmi-h its soon as the nearest
and I-. -I n utc shall have been sali-latlnrny
aseerli.jm d.
Ii may be proper tl.it. on this ocer.sion, 1
si:.-old make s.'i:..' In n I remarks in regard
in .in ii-_his in .1 .inn. s as a u.ea.l'er ol ihe
•jri-ai fi.uiilv of nations In ..ur inieremiise
will, il.ein ihere are some plain piimiple.-
i.i.;.r..v.l by our experience, from wliieh
we i. v. r -I i i.i.i <:. | ..ii. We ought to eul-
IIrale pi ace. colon . r.-e ami lri< udshlp unli
:ll uulioiis; in .1 ibis not men ly as tie lust
in.-nils oi pnimotiiii: our own material iuler
e-ls. I.ut in a spirit of Christian benevolence
loWiiul.- our fell, -w-ii.eii. wlier.ver "lie ir lot
may ho cast. Our dipl :><-y should be
direct and Irank. neillier seeking to obiam
II in- in r a.-. ■ | linji Ii ss ihini is .-ur dm
\\. nughl tu elierisli a -aen .! ret!aid lor the
indepe: d. lire ol all nations, and never at-tei.
ipi lo interfere o. iliedoii.iislle eo.ie.crns
i t'any. unless ibis shall be imperatively re-ipiir.
d by the-real law ol .-.ll-pies. rvaiinii.
'I.. avoid I'ntan-.iiii'j ahanccs has breii a
maxim .1 our policy ever Ktm-c the (lays ol
Wiishiiiglou; and its wisdom I .-will
at'i-mpl in dispute, in short, w ighl lo
■In justiee in ii kindly spilit, lo all nations
ami require jusliec Iroiu Ihem in return.
It is our glory that, whilst other nations
have • xteuded iheir dominions by the swi rd
we have never acijuired any territory ex-cept
by fair purchase, or. as in the ease of
TeXii-. by liie voluntary deurminal .1
a brave, kiudri d and ilidepi ndi nt pe.-| le to
blend their dcslii will" our own. l.vei-
.ur aeijuisilions from Mexico form no ex-ception.
Unwilling lo lake advantage oi
ihe form f war against a sister Repub-lic,
we purchased these possessions, under
ihe treaty of peace, for a sum which was
a' that lime considered a fair equivalent.—-
Our past history f.nbids that >vc shall in
the future acquire territory, unless ibis be
sanctioned by the laws of justice and hon-or.
Actingon this puncipie, no nation
will have a right lo interfere or complain,
if, in the progress of events, we shall still
fnrthi r extend our possessions. Ilithi rto,
in all our acquisitions, the people under
ihe protection of the American nag, have
enjoyed civil and religious liberty as weil
as ciuiii and ju.-t hivvs, and have been con-tented,
prospf rous and happv. Tin ir trade
with t'ti.- re.-t ..f the world'has rapidly in-creased,
and thus every commercial nation
has shared largely i.i their sucoesful prog-ress.
I shall now proceed to take the oath pre-scribed
by the Constitution, whilst humnlv
invokiog the blessing ,,f Divine Providem-I-on
tiiis grjut republic.
REVENUE LA"W-185G-'5r.
COXCXVDEO.
CS. The cierk on receiving the returns,
shall record them al length in alphabetical
order, keeping the return of" each district
seperale from the other; and at the next
county court, after they are directed iu be
made, shall set up i.i gouie eo..s| icuous
part oi' liie COUrl-iloUse, ii e. py of I he whole,
adding to tiie taxable* of each person, the
amount of tax for which he is liable; and
any cierk offending against any of the du-ties
prescribed in this section, shall forfeit
and pay one hundred dollars.
01... The cierk, on or before the first
day of June next, alter the li-'.s are re-turned,
shall return to the comptroller an
abstract of the same, showing the number
of acr.-s of land and their value, ihe vuiua-lio:
i of town lots, and ihe number ol white
and black polls, and specify every ether
subject of taxation, and the aggregate lax
on .lie whole : at tin- same time, ihe clerk
shall return to the comptroller an aiutracl
of the lists of the cuuutv and i....r taxes
paid in his county, selling fjrt!) fccpar.itely,
i the number of taxable white and black
, polls', die amount paid on each hundred
' dollars value of laid, and also ihe gross a-
. mount of taxes of evcrv kind levied for
j countv purposes; and the comptroller at
'tin- public cost, shall iurnish ihe clerks
wiili blank forms, and also make -.at a
g. n. rai statement ..i each subject of taxa-tion
paid in tie! Slate.
To. And if any clerk shall offend a-g.
iinst any of the duties prescribed in the
preceding section, ho siuili forfeit ami pay
to the State one thousand dollars. I.. I .- re-covered
against him and the sureties of his
bond in the superior court ■ I Make county,
at the term next aflcr tiie default, on mo-tion
of l be Bit'irney-general; and i' shall
be the duly ol ihe complioiler to inform
the attornev-geiieral ol such default.
7 I. 'ihe county court on the prescribed
. ill . n.a,' lake the lax list of any person
ipplying I., list his taxables, at any time of
such court, before the first day ol March,
upon his y,\ i,:; t,, i|lc dork one dollar for
recording the same.
7'J. The several county courts, nt the
time when they shall appoint justices to
lake tin- tax lists for the year eighteen hun-dred
and fifty-five, and at the same term,
i\.:\ live years thereafter, shall appoint
two respectable freeholders, men of skill
and probity, to he associated with each
justice, a-ml these thn e shall In- siyied a
hoard ol valuation, 'liny shall be noti-fied
ot their appointment by the clerk, ami
such hoajd shall ascertain, either by
viewing the premises, or otherwise, as uc-euratelv
as may he practicable, the cash
value o!' the lands, or oilier real estate with
Inc improvements thereon, situate within
the districts lor which they are appointed,
and return the same to liieir respective
county courts, in the manner hen in pre-scribed;
and f..r the town if Wilmington,
such a hoard shall be appointed every two
years, siller the time ol their appointment
in the said vear eighteen hundred and 1.1-
ly-live.
?:!. In estimating the value, ihe board
lil-iV call ami swear wiu.esMS to testily
thereto; aid they slnW lake into ihe es-timate
any fishery appurtenant thereto or
used with ihe land ; also, all mines of met-al,
stone or rani, or any o'her matter, .ii--
t-ovi inl or supposed to exist, whereby ihe
' price ..I'ihe I nd is enhanced ; also in as-i
eerlaiiiine ihe value ol hnproven.ci.ls on
I real properly, all machinery and fixtures
for manufacturing purposes, shall be taken
: into the estimate; and when the same
■ n-.icl er I. iU of land shall be in one or
more di-lricts. the board where ihe owner
II -i.:s shall ascertain the mine of ihe whole
irnci " ami if the owner reside* in miller
,.f tin- districts. '!"• l'-md when- the
i-iei.-.- parl may lie sledl value ihe whole.
I and t!->' hoard shall annex to llu-ir ret.iirnol
ibeir i i-hiati.n liie followint' allid .v il. sn''-
s.-iil-ed by t!..iii, aiil'svv More ami
certified liy some justice ol ihe peace:—
■•We solemnly svv-.-,r that ihe fori-un'lii!
v--In: ti-.ii ol land, wih the. improvements
ihereni.. and privileges I hereto attached,
, 1,. i-v ii-. i«. i'i "ur juduuieiits and Lo-la
f. ti..'- ai-iua! value th'-reol in casli : and
liill in nigkinsr the same we have eiulcav-or.
.1 to do .-.in.-.! justice In ilu- public and
... il.- individuals concerned; so beip us
Cd."
71. The owner of land, or his a^ent.
if l.e he :i noi.-resideiitj shall, on oath,
iurnish the hoard with a list, mcludti .:
land entries, seltinS '"i|!i ';'■ ■"!"':' "'
tra, is. an.! a!-" the several coiitiauous IKMI-i
s or Iraels of I..ud owned ly him in ::."
district, ti.-.'tli.r with liie names of ihe
waler-e.ni.i--s i-r other remarkable places
i- nearesl to which they may bcfrituale,
and the number of acres in each scperate
tract or contifiuous bodies land : town lot-si'.
.11 he listed S'-JII r..-..-ly ainl each num-bered
neeordinu t.. the pli '. of t',..- lown :
and each seperale h.-iy "i [aiid acd town
lot.shall bes peratery and diatinetly valued
and reiurni .1.
7.". li ihe owner or hi« sjent will not,
on oath, slate the nun.In r of seres, or il tiie
statement i» so vauu.- that ihe board caunot,
with reasonable certainty, determine the
number ol acres, they shall procure the
county er other surveyor to survey the
land. :t the cost of the owner, who m y be
warranted for his lees and other expenses, ;
bv the surveyor.
'76. If any one deem that too high a
valuation has been put on his land, the
county court, at the ensuing term, may re-duce
ihe same, on .notion and satisfactory
prool ; or ihey may enquire into the COm-p.
ainr. by commissioners appointed t-r that
pirposi—and in all case* where land, alter
valuation, shall increase in value, by reason
ot mines of metal, coal stone, or oilier valu-able
ihing being discovered or worked ;
or. ii ii-,. ,-,,„.. ,i,a!i (!eercase in value by
reason ..; fire or . \:r..ordinary causes, the
justices taking it..- ii-t shall'appoint am!
swear two respectable and disinterested
freeholders, who with himself, sfiail reas-sess
siid land ; and the justices ah .il alGx
their valuation to the laud,
.7. that i.i I.he manner, if any one
shall be charged with more poll or other
subject of taxation than he is li ib!e for. ihe
c-ourc shall uireel the clerk to rem'i r a irue
accouut ihcrcof; a staleioent of all wnieli
eertificrt-.-s so -jiv.!i {.ball be returned in
the comptroller, wl... -: all credit ihesb. riff
with ii,.- tiiiiouiit of the same.
78. The members ni every board en-gaged
in assessing ihe value of land, shall
receive . ach, one dollar a day for the lime
engaged, to be paid by the county court.
T'.i. For ail services of the clerks in re.
lali..a to the tax.-- riot in ibis chapter spe-cially
provided lor, ti.ey shall 1„- paid by
ii " county sucu sum :..- the court way al-
B'l. i 1::' county courts may reb.-ise any
person Ir (be payment ..!' a double t ,.\.
f.r failing ;., lisi his taxable*, in cases
where it shall appear to the court by ssiiis-iiiclon
proof thai such failurt tii'rredbv
reason of th. sick. .-- ..! ii.- pan,-, al th'o
very time when the l \ li-; v. ..s taken; or
where it may appear that he render, d a list,
and his name was omitted to b'j entered,
or has been cmilti .1 in the duplicate pre-pared
by the justice to !,. relumed to ihe
clerk, or oil:, r sullicii nl cause, lo l.e judg-ed
of by tie- court: and the i ,-t shall
i h.ive no pimrer to remit a double in in
| v other ease, and ihev arc expressK ii.r
l.'d'ca to do so.
H. 'I'i.j- eh ik of the county court shall,
on .-r before liie first tl.y . i April, in ihe
year > listiiug th. Inking ihe lists, delivi r lo
:ii" sh riff of tie- county :. fairai .1 ai-cur.ite
copy, in alphabetical order, of the tax I >t,
which shall contain the public tax, or t.i\
payable lo (he public treasurer, and th ■
i: x.s imposed ly liie justices ol the countv
court ; it shall likewise .1' -Loan- ihe sepa-rate
amount doe from each subject of tax-ation,
and extend the aggregate aniouuis
due from each person in columns; and n
any clerk shall fail n. furnish the sheriffs!
the time provided with a copy .:' this u< -
seriptioii, he shall bi deemed guilty of a
luisdeiueanor, aad the sheriff shall inform
the gland jury ihen of.
ir'-i The sheriffshall forthwith proceid
to coll. el said lax. s, and when he shah col- j
li.-: by his deputies, who are not sworn, or
others, such prison- shall in open court, or
In Ion- a justice of the p -.'.-.e ..! the county .
take an oath, faithfully and honestly to ae«
c-i mil for the same, wuh the sheriff, or olh- '
i r persi ... aulhi rizei' to receive tliffin.
M:J. if any sheriff shall die during the I
iin...- appoint! d for coilecliiig ibe taxes, his
sureties may collect Ihem, ami for ihat
purpose shail have all the power and means
of collecting ihe same of the collectors and ,
tax pay eis. as the sheriff would have had;
am! shall be subject to all I he remedies for
.oli.-rlion and settlement of the taxes on
their bond or otherwise, as mighl have :
been l.a.l against the sherill il l.e had lived.
BI, 'I'he sheriff, a.id (in ease of his j
.:, .-nl. . his sureties -hall have one year and '
no longer. Iron, the day prescribed lor In.- '
scMlcim nt and payment of the State taxes, I
to liiiii-h liie collecrii.il ..fall taxes; but Il.i- j
extension of lime f.r collection shall not :
extend the time of his settlement of ihe |
taxes.
si.">. The sheriff shall collect the taxes ;.s
they arc sei down in the list, and, more-over,
shall roh.-ei ofi.il persons whose tax-ables
are it", listed, double liie luxe* ilu-pos.-.
l on the same subjects ; and as to any
he.I not listed, which may not have been
Hsse.-scil ..i tin- kisi assessment, the same, j
in i--iiin.-.tin-_' the tloiiMc lax, shall be deem-ed
to I e ol ihe lulu.-, by acre, ol ihe hiiili-r-
t valued Ir.icl adjoiiimg ilu-ruio.
I il 1 -i mi < i. !■ Iv on receiving the t.-.x
li-:s. th.- -f. nl .-hall advertise liie fa. I.
thai be hold* IIM-IH ready I.i inspection —
II.- shall al-. n ipiesl ihereiii all persons t..
in form him of any taxables which may n.,;
I,- lisi.-d.
s7. l'..r the more efii. h til colleclion > f
the I iX'-s t!n- slieiilf iii any li Iroiu Ihe
ih-I'very to him ol the lists 'til ihe l.r-t day
i,l Ociober in the nest year, m iy, and if
ihere be iieeii. slmil distniin and -. li ihe
propel iy of toe tax ptyer to witlsty ■!
same, selhng first his IN rsoiial, aiid Ihen his
rial i". .!.'.
--'. I;' anv p-rsori liable Pir l i\--s on
oil,, r -'.'..".t- :•...*. land, shall beulioiil lo
h mi ' - . ouuly. all :■ lisliiiL- time
ami 1. ...- ll.- ;-.ii"! for .- Ilecion. i ...
sherill-hail in-!.-- aftidnilt ther. ..f beh.ri;
the eierfe HMII --).-' on from i.im a r-rrtiiica'i-nflhe
am..nut •■( such |ierson"s lax, and
lortbwilh rolled th.- same.
-'J. If any pi rson I..- liable f.r I ,x>- in
unv county w I . r-in '.■ -:i ill Inn.- ,,.. pr ■-
j .- |iV, bnt shail 1- • -nt I ll lo have proper-l\
:; s.nii • . ti.- • countv, :.u I w iii not pay
!,',- tax, ti..- sin-rill -''-.11 report ii..: : ;
lothe e.ni itv ■•.-nil. h;-il i--v- r. IL* - r lb.
firsl day '! O'.-looi-r. and thereupon i! -
court -l.a.l .!:;..■'. ii:-- clerk lo issue ajirt!
.'./....- :.. ti..- -';.. r.:i •■! that eoiiuiy, return-able
lothr court whence it issued, lor such
t--.. and lie- (-.-*- oi pro-e*s and executing
liie same, which the sheriff shall execute in
the manner ol writs ol exec-dlion in other
cases, and the tax collected thereon shall
be paid to the clerk of the court, and by
him paid lo the sheriff, to be accounted fur
a> ..li.ii' taxi.-.
'.Hi. '1 i-c sale under distress of personal
cs.i.re '*..: taxes shah be advertised ten days
previous thereto, «t three public places in
the oistr.t wherein the deluiqueut tax
payer shall reside, and if he reside not in
lh..- roui ty, tinn in the district where the
taxable* were, crouiht to have been listed;
and the amount ol tax due shall be staled in
I i.i' advertisement.
'- I. The sale of] land for taxes due
tli'.euii,shall be iiiaeie under the following
Ml;' -- .
i 1) The sheriff shall return to the rcurt
<-f | leas and oua.-ier sessions ol his eounly,
held next alter the first day of January, a
list. f the tracts ot bnd which be proposes
to .-■ i for taxes.therein mentioning the own-er
or si,; posed owner of each Iract, and if
such ov-ner be unknown, the name of the
1. -t known or reputed owner, the situation
..; the tracts, aid the amount of fixes for
which they are respectively lo be sold,
w Inch list shall he read aloud in open court,
recorded by the clerk upon ihe minutes of
tie court, at;.! a copy then of shall he put
up in some public part of the court house.
(2) The county court shall order tho
clerk of the court lo i.-sue notice lo every
person w hose land is returned as aforesaid ;
ami a copy of ihe notice shall be served by
the sheriff on if,, owner, er bis agent, and
returned i.. the next county court: and if
;:■•• owner lea non-resident, ihe clerk shall
publish the same in some newspaper print-ed
in liie State, i'i which advertisement
.-h.il be mentioned the situation ol the laud,
lie sir. an.- on ir near which it lies, the
estimated quantity, the names of the own-.
crs, where lbey are known, and the names
of the tenants or occupiers of the same.
(•*) The Sales shall he u.ade within ihe
two icnns next succeeding ihe term when
tiie returns are ini.de of binds to be sold,
am! at such place, in the county as is di.
reeled for sale ol kind under execution ; and
the whole ex; ms.• attendant on the adver-tising
and sale, shall be chargeable on the
land* and raised at the sale.
■ •' . 'i iii; w hole tract or contiguous body
el lauu, belorging to one delinquent person
or company, shall be set np for sale at the
same time, am! the bid shall he struck off
lo him who will pay ihe amount ..I taxes,
with ;ll ihe- expenses aforesaid, for the
suii-il-.-.-c parl ..I Hie 1 mil.
(.. At the second term next suceccd-ing
tin- term when the returns an- made of
lauds to be sold, ihe sheriff shall return a
li-l of 'he tract* actually sold lor taxes, the
ouaii'iiy of the Intel bonitht and to be
1 :-i off, the name of the purchaser, and ihg
sum piid lo the '.':, ilif i,.i- taxes and ebar-
::.•■'. wliieh lisi shall he read aloud hi- the
.I -rk I . i pi n court, shall be recorded IB the
iiiiiiuie* .i' th.- court, and a copy thereof
shall be | at up by the cierk. during the
term, in some public part of the court
boll;--.
99. Tin' land of an infant, lunatic, or
person wwi compos meit/ts, shall not he sold
ior taxes : Provided,however. Thai where
land may he owned by such persons in
common with aiiolheror other, free of such
disability, the share or inl. rest of the par-sons
so Irr.', shail be subject to be sold for
ihe taxes due on the whole tract; but be-fore
setting apart Ihe quantity bid off, the
piir-in.... r bv petition shall cause the tract
to he divid. .1 among the tenants in common
and the share .-r interest ol the delimiting
lax-payer heins si l apart, the purchaser
may proceed to lay <.!! on such share the
quantity by him hid off and secure ihe title
as is b-t'ir-- provided; arid ihe time m-c-
• ■-sarily employed in procuring such divis-ion
slall nut be reckoned against the pur-clnis.
r.
! li. The owner i.fljud sold for taxes
under section ninety one of hii chapter, his
h< ir«. executors or : ilininislralor*, or any
other person for Ibem, may redeem the
same from the purchaser, at any lime with-in
one vear after the sale by paring or
lend) rimr in payment in the purchaser or
in if.- rouiii;- court clerk of the eourl
win re the land lies, lh1' full amount of the
price paid In t! e sheriff, and twenty-five
per lent thereon.
Ml. li il ,- h.u.l «n sold shalj not be re-iben.
ed within the period aforesaid, the
piireb I- r mav at liie end of that lime se-le.-
l the quantity of land slrnefc off i» him,
. at i f :.n\ pin of th"' Irai t or body of wliieh
ihe mine w-i* bid off; the s dd quantity to
l.c laid offi-i
ill .-. square
.,,..,.- . ' ']-.-
body of land
I'.',. W
on. eo i |.:.ii holy, as nearly
: s may be, ai il adjoining to
11.times of the whole tractor
hin rin- veer after ihe time of
rxleniplinil shall have passed, the pureha-s
r at his own cost, his heirs, cxe-utera or
a-lmn'.-ir tor*. «»r am other l..r ilirin. inny
pr-enre ih • qinntity bd off. lo he Surrey*
e.t bv if only -nrv.-vor. who shall imike
on ioni eerti'v, under hi hand, a fair plat
,, id • survey with I lie eonrset and distin-
.-. . I iriv and iin!,- s.-t f-rlh ; and if the
r.nun surveyor, on request, shall fail to
make Mich «nrvi v and plat, then any other
siirviyor may make and certify the same.
•li-,. 'I I. d.eriffi ii bei.ej presented with
s'leh .-..-• :o- -' pl.t. wi bin ihe year a'tc-r
;' . too ill redemption i- passed, shall con-r
•. in ihe purchaser ihe land therein con-t
lined.
f'7. Where by any provision of ihe law,
any sheriff or officer, other than the person
who sold for tiie taxes, shall be authorized
: . . \. one a conveyance for the land, the
purchaser shali apply lo the county court,
a id on nhowius lo ihe conrl thai such pur-cha
«e bad been made, and the price paid to
tie sheiifi", who sold, and thai he has paid
the other iaxe- si accruing thereon, the
e-iurl sh il direct the present sheriff 10ex-eeute
a deed on ihe purchaser's producing
In him a certified plat and survey, as is
provu'.i i ior in section ninety-fire and nine-ty-
six ol this chapter.
'.is. The purchaser of land sold for
lexes, itndi r « el inn ninety-one of this
ehapter, shall h. considered as taking and
boloio" the same subject to all the taxes ao-