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<fc GREENSBORO, N. C, THURSDAY, AUGUST 6, 1914
BRITAIN AnD GERMANY BOTH
DECLARE WAR AGAINST EACH OTHER
TO BE FIELD OF GREATEST
ARMED CONFUCT WORLD HAS KNOWN
IEVCL VND THROWS DOWN THE GAGE OF BATTLE
\\D RESULTING WAR MAY CHANGE
MAP OF THE OLD WORLD.
Great Britain and Germany have made formal decla-
»tions of war against each other, and the most stupen-vL.
armed conflict in the world's history is beginning.
It is a war that is expected to result in remaking the map
If the Old World.
' England's declaration of war was made Tuesday
nidi! and followed the rejection by Germany of the Brit-ish
demand that the neutrality of Belgium be observed.
The formal declaration of war was contained in the fol-lowing
notice issued from the British foreign office:
•Owing to the summary rejection by the German
government of the request made by his Brittanic majes-tr*
government that the neutrality of Belgium should be
respected, his majesty's ambassador at Berlin has receiv-ed'his
passports, and his majesty's government has de-clared
to the German government that a state of war ex-ists
between Great Britain and Germany from 11 o'clock
P. M.. August 4."
The declaration of war on the part of Great Britain
arravs the great powers of Europe in two hostile camps.
I On the one hand stand Germany and Austria-Hungary
and arrayed against them are Russia, France, England,
Servia and Montenegro.
Italy has declared her neutrality, but is mobilizing.
Belgium, Holland and Switzerland have mobilized.
The German demand that the Belgian government
should permit the free passage of German troops through
Belgium was answered by hasty preparations to resist
such an advance across Belgian territory.
Sweden has made no answer to inquiries from Rus-sia
and Germany regarding her attitude, but is prepar-ing
: ) defend her neutrality.
Japan is making ready to live up to her alliance with
Great Britain in case of certain eventualities.
Spain is reported to be preparing a proclamation of
neutrality.
Austria-Hungary for the moment has retired from
her campaign against Servia for the purpose of holding
back Russia, and Servia has mobilized with the reported
intention of invading Bosnia.
iroop
BELGIANS REPULSE GERMANS
FIRST Kl(, BATTLE OF THE WAR
KHfiHT YESTERDAY ON
BELGIAN FRONTIER.
laa-.
• German army of the Meuse,
'•>mpting to invade Belgian on
iarcli to France, suffered a
..jag defeat yesterday at the for-
: town of Liege, several thou-
■Tman soldiers being killed
IIM|.,I. The Belgian forts re-
:'' advance fiercely and did
:f"r. One Belgian squadron re-
■■'■ i drove back six German
r lo the attack on Liege Gen-
•"ii Kmiiiich. commanding the
arm} of the Meuse, issued a
■ ination calling for an open
' 'rough Belgium for the ad-
"I liis forces and suggesting
"udence would show it to be
'.'• of the Belgian people to
' in this to avoid the horrors
Germans committed repres-
-"'iiist the civil population of
•*n oi Vise, eight miles north-
Liege, burning the town ana
L' iiifcny residents.
'"''man troops attempted to
' Kiver Meuse on a pontoon
'•ui a sharp broadside by the
"i the forts destroyed the
•' ■ soon as it was completed.
the invaders succeeded in
- i lie river near Maestricht.
'"" troops have joined the Bel-
!l opposing the progress of
'• through Belgium, and it is
;"u that possibly Great Britain
•ml reinforcements.
The capture of several German
steamers by the British is reported
and the Britisli cruiser Amphion has
sunk the Hamburg-American Line
steamer Koenigin Louise, recently
converted into a mine-layer.
Russian frontier patrols have pen-etrated
10 miles into Germany.
Czar of Russia Issues Manifesto.
Emperor Nicholas has issued a
manifesto outlining the events lead-ing
up to the declaration of war by
Germany and saying that "Russians
will rise like one man and repulse
the insolent attack of the enemy."
The text follows:
"By the grace of God, we, Nicho-las
ir, emperor and autocrat of all
the Russians, king of Poland and
grand duke of Finland, to our faith-ful
subjects make known that Rus-sia,
related by faith and blood to
the Slav people, has never regarded
their fate with indifference.
"But the fraternal sentiments of
the Russian people for the Slavs have
been awakened with perfect unani-mity
and extraordinary force in these
last few days when Austria-Hungary
knowingly addressed to Servia
claims inacceptable for an independ-ent
state.
"Having paid no attention to pa-cific
and conciliatory reply of the
Servian government and having re-jected
the benevolent intervention of
Russia, Austria-Hungary made haste
to proceed to an armed attack and
began to bombard Belgrade, an open
place.
"Forced by the situation thus cre-ated
to take necessary measures of
precaution, we ordered the army and
navy put on a war footing, at the
same time using every endeavor to
obtain a peaceful solution. Pour-parlers
were begun amid friendly-relations
with Germany and her ally,
Austria, for the blood and the prop-erty
of our subjects were dear to us.
"Contrary to our hopes in our
good neighborly relations of long
date and disregarding our assurances
that the mobilization measures taken
were in pursuance of no object hos-tile
to her, Germany demanded their
immediate cessation. Being rebuf-fed
in this demand, Germany sudden-ly
declared war on Russia.
"Today it is not only the protec-tion
of a country related to us and
unjustly attacked that must be ac-corded,
but we must safeguard the
honor, the dignity and the integrity
of Russia, and her position among
the great powers.
"We believe unshakably that all
our faithful subjects will rise with
unanimity and devotion for the de-fence
of Russian soil; that internal
discord will be forgotten in this
threatening hour; that the unity of
the emperor with his people will be-come
still more close and that Rus-sia,
rising like one man, will repulse
the insolent attack of the enemy.
"With a profound faith in the jus-tice
of our work and with a humble
hope in omnipotent providence in
prayer, we call Gods' blessing on
holy Russia and her valiant troops."
the German troops be permitted to
cross Belgium to the French fron-tier,
coupled .with the promise that
Belgian integrity should remain un-impaired
at -the end of the war and
that Belgium should be compensat-ed.
To this Belgium refused to accede
on the ground' of her rights and
honor.
Sir Edward Grey, British secre-tary
for foreign affairs, made a
statement in the house of commons,
indicating that Great Britain's in-terests
and obligations could not per-mit
her to submit to the violation
of Belgian territory. This virtually
left the decision as to whether Great
Britain should make war to public
opinion.
There is no doubt that British sen-timent
is for war. Not one man in a
hundred in London seemingly wants
the nation to remain neutral.
There is a report that Holland has
been invaded through the Province
of Limburg. The people of the
kingdom resolved to go to any ex-tremity
are said to be opening the
dykes and flooding the country,
which would make the passage of an
army impossible.
ness. and if the necessity should
arise, will be sent across the water
to join the British forces at the front.
For Relief of American Tourists.
The United States government has
completed plans for the care of
Americans in Europe. Congress, at
the request of President Wilson, has
appropriated $250,000 to care for
the immediate needs of Americans,
especially those without funds. More
will be granted if desired.
Americans who have letters of
credit or other forms of money cred-it
will be assisted by American em-bassies
in having them cashed. In-struction's
were issued to American
diplomatic officers to issue "ambas-sadors'
orders" in exchange for let-ters
of credit, bank checks or money
orders. Friends and relatives of
Americans abroad can deposit any
sum with the state department in
Washington and an embassy check
for the amount will be issued in Eu-rope.
MRS. WOODROW WILSON
LIES AT POINT OF DEATH.
England to Protect France.
A report from London says:
Great Britain has mobilized her
forces and awaits events. She is not
a belligerent power nor is she a
neutral one. The government has
given France assurance that the
British fleet will not permit the Ger-man
fleet . to attack the French
coast. It has not yet pledged itself
to contribute an army to the conti-nental
was.
The British government regards
with the deepest distrust Germany's
violation of Belgium's neutrality, but
makes no declaration as to whether
it considers that measure provoca-tion
for war..
Russia Would Have Heeded.
London, August 4.—King George's
telegram to the Russian emperor, in
a final effort to avoid war, and the
empenor'*v reply, have been made
public. The king said:
"I make a personal appeal to you
to leave open the ground for negotia-tions
for possible peace."
The Russian emperor replied that
he would have accepted the propos-als
had not Germany declared war.
"Germany," said the emperor,
"showed no disposition to mediate
and her preparations and those of
Austria made it imperative that Rus-sia
should mobilize, but I gave most
categorical assurances to the German
emperor that the Rusian troops
would not move so long as the nego-tiations
continued."
The reply concludes:
"I trust your country will not fail
to support Russia and France. God
bless and protect you."
Washington. Aug. 5.—Mrs. Wood-row
Wilson, wife of the president of
the United States, tonight lies at the
point of death.
Four months of almost unbroken
illness, a complication of nervous ail-ments
and Bright's disease, have sap-ped
the vitality of the first iady of
the land. The end is regarded as a
matter of days, perhaps hours. Her
husband and three daughters are at
her bedside and relatives have been
summoned. Physicians have been in oP*n»n8 of a public road
VOL. 93—NO. 63
MEETING OFJOMMISSIONERS
MATTERS OF PUBLIC INTEREST
CONSIDERED'AT BOARD'S
AUGUST SESSION.
The August meeting of the county
commissioners was held Monday and
Tuesday and all the members of the
board were present. The usual
amount of routine business was
transacted.
The board adopted a motion to
the effect that hereafter the sheriff
collect all special license taxes in
cash when the licenses are Issued
and that no partial payments be ac-cepted;
also that no rebate be given
for unexpired time and that no
transfer of a license be allowed.
A petition was received asking
that a public road be opened from a
point on the city limits on West Lee
street and running to a point on the
Freeman's mill road.
Another petition asked that an-other
road granted in Clay township
but not laid out and opened be dis-continued
and that a new road to
take its place be opened from a point
on the Greensboro road running by
Hunter's store, near Hillary Sikes'
place, and running through the lands
of Orlando Coble and Mary Ann
Coble, thence in a westerly direction,
across the lands of W. T. Hanner,
Vance Garrett, T. R. Greeson and
Arthur Garrett to the public road
leading from Julian to Greensboro,
near Monett's school house.
Citizens of Gilmer and South Mon-roe
townships petitioned for the
leading
PRESIDENT WILSON
OFFERS MEDIATION.
President Wilson yesterday for-mally
offered the services of the
United States government to the
warring nations of Europe should
they desire to discuss terms of peace.
He tendered what technically is
phrased as "good offices," which, if
accepted in principle, would be fol-lowed
by a conference of represen-tatives
of the powers of Europe, in
which the United States would play
the role of mediator.
Under the Hague convention, to
which all European nations except
Servia are signatories, a neutral na-tion
is urged in time of international
conflict to tender her good office to
contending powers. Acting under the
terms of the Hague convention, the
president cabled Emperor William,
of Germany; Emperor Nicholas, of
Russia; Emperor Francis Joseph, of
Austria; King George, of Great Brit-ain,
and President Poincare, of
France, as follows:
"As official head of one of the
powers signatory to the Hague con-vention,
I feel It to be my privilege
and my duty under article 3 of that
convention to say to you In a spirit
of most earnest friendship that I
should welcome an opportunity to
act in the interest of European peace
either now or at any other time
that might be thought more suitable,
as occasion to serve you and all con-cerned
In a way that would afford
me lasting cause for gratitude and
happiness,"
Germany Blames France.
Excusing her course in sending de-tachments
of the army across the
French frontier, Germany Monday
issued an official communication say-ing:
"The German troops hitherto have
obeyed orders not to cross the
French frontier. French troops, on
the contrary, since Sunday, have
made several attacks on the frontier
posts without any declaration of war
having been made.
"The French have crossed the
frontier at several places in spite of
the fact that the French government
a few days ago informed us that it
would not infringe on the unoccupied
zone of six miles from the frontier
and since then companies of French
troops have been in the occupation
of a number of German villages.
"French army aeronauts have
been flying over Baden and Bavaria
throwing bombs and have violated
Belgian neutrality by flying over
Belgian territory into the provience
of the Rhine in an effort to destroy
our railways.
"In this way France has opened
the attack upon us and has estab-lished
a state of war which has com-pelled
the German empire to take
measures for the security of its ter-ritory."
Belgium Refuses Germany's Demand.
An important event in the war
news was the demand made by Ger-many
Monday upon Belgium, in the
form of a 12-hour ultimatum, that
Honor Fallen Enemy.
Belfort, France, Aug. 4.—A num-ber
of Germans were taken prisoners
today and brought into Belfort.
A squadron of the Eleventh
French Dragoons stationed in Bel-fort,
rendered honors at Joncherey to
a German lieutenant, the first victim
of actual conflict between France and
Germany.
Several hundred Aslatians, Swiss
and Italians have enlisted here and
have demanded to be sent to the ad-vanced
outposts.
Little News From Front.
A report from Berlin says that no
war news of importance has been re-ceived
from the front and continues:
"Mobilization here is proceeding
quickly. Military trains are being
sent away from the city only at
night.
"As recruits pass through the
streets they are cheered by the popu-lace.
Eighty thousand volunteers
have joined the colors in addition
to soldiers called out by the military
authorities.
"The boy scout alliance has issued
a call saying boy scouts must hasten
to assist the Fatherland either in the
bicycle service or in the gathering
of the crops.
"University authorities at Leipslc.
Munich and other cities have called
students to the colors."
consultation for days, but it was ad-mitted
at the White House tonight
that hope for her recovery had al-most
vanished.
Conscious only at intervals. Mrs.
Wilson has been cheerful and has
called constantly for her husband.
Every moment that could be spared
from urgent official duties has been
devoted by the president to his wife.
At .the side of his constant helpmate
and adviser, he wrote the tender of
good offices appealing to the Euro-pean
monarchs to stay their conflict.
From the sick room he has been
giving directions to the various de-partment
heads for the relief of
thousands of Americans stranded
abroad. The press of domestic legis-lation,
the European war and Mexi-can
situation and the flurry over
financial conditions throughout the
country have weighed heavily on the
president as he has maintained his
day and night vigil.
For several flays it has been
known to those in closest touch at
the White House that Mrs. Wilson
was gravely ill and that hope for her
recovery was slight. The president
himself has clung desperately to the
hope that she might survive the cris-is,
but her frail constitution, drain-ed
by months of never-ending ill-ness,
has been unable to withstand
the battle.
ANOTHER INSURRECTION
REPORTED IN MEXICO.
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. . :
Canada Will Aid England.
Canada will render assistance to
the mother country and the govern-ment
has summoned Parliament to
assemble in Ottawa August 18 to
deal with the situation. Yesterday
an order was Issued for the mobili-zation
in Quebec of an army divis-ion
of 23,000 men. The soldiers
will be equipped and held in readt-
.
The expected has happened. No
sooner had the dove of peace appear-ed
on the horizon in Mexico than
those who have been fighting in
the name of liberty and independence
became divided among themselves.
A press dispatch from El Paso, Tex.,
yesterday states that Gen. Francisco
Villa virtually has proclaimed his in-dependence
from the Carranza gov-ernment
and lias begun reorganizing
his army. General Felipe Angeles,
Carranza's deposed secretary of war,
is in charge of the reorganizing. A
movement is on foot for the imme-diate
distribution of lands. Carran-za
has not been informed, so far as
is known.
It was estimated by Americans
coming from Villa's territory that he
has secured 5,000 recruits in the
last two weeks. They have been
armed with rifles supposed to hare
been smuggled across the line at El
Paso.
A mobilization at Torreon of all
troops in General Villa's division has
been ordered, according to constitu-tionalists
officials. It was predlccted
that within a week Villa would have
approximately 25,000 men In Tor-reon.
That the peace negogiations have
failed is indicated in the following
dispatch from Saltillo:
"Negotiations for the peaceful
transfer of Mexico City to the consti-tutionalists
failed tonight. The con-stitutionalists
refused to entertain
conditions imposed by the Carbajal
commissioners. These commission-ers
did not even see Carranza."
from Manner's chapel to a point on
the old Dutch road, a distance of
about three miles.
The board granted petitions pre-viously
filed asking for the opening
of new roads in Center Grove and
Morehead townships.
It was ordered that $10,000 of
the Guilford highway bonds sinking
fund be loaned, on first mortgage
on real estate, to Hudsen & Glas-cock
on their new market house
building on South Elm street.
The monthly report of Dr. W. M.
Jones, the county health officer,
stated that conditions generally are
good at the county home, the work
house, the jail and the convict
camps.
Dr. Jones reported that he had ad-ministered
over 600 injections of
anti-typhoid vaccine and that the
number of treatments would have
been greater had it been possible to
procure the vaccine. In regard to
anti-typhoid vaccination. Dr. Jones
said in his report:
"I do not think indiscriminate
vaccination is the thing to do, for it
is almost impossible to immunize
every one. I am watching with a
great deal of interest one locality
where I have vaccinated a large per
cent of the population and where ty-phoid
fever is now prevalent."
Dr. Jones reported 18 cases of ty-phoid
fever, three cases of hook-worm
and one case of smallpox in
the county.
Jurors for the September terms of
Superior court were drawn as fol-lows:
For the two-weeks' civil term be-ginning
September 7—J. W. Busick,
C. A. Wharton, W. D. Shoffner, L. D.
Greene, J. G. Jobe, W. S. Holt, R. L.
Andrews, L. C. Maness, I. F. Cavi-ness,
G. L. Haithcock, P. R. Lewis,
N. E. Rankin, E. P. Sharp, P. R.
Hines, Henry Coble. T. J. Clayton,
M. S. Jeffreys. S. E. Barker, J. F.
Fulton, F. R. Snypes, George E. Bar-ber,
Thomas D. Hardin, C. C. Buch-anan,
W. M. Little, J. M. Wray, C.
C. Cummigns, W. R. Jenkins. J. L.
Benbow, J. A. White, G. S. Foster, J.
R. Hadden, J. A. Loflln, S. R. Gar-ner,
Lane Sechrest, J. E. Denson, W.
H. Idol.
For the criminal term of one week
to begin September 21—Walter P.
Heath, Robert A. Thomas, S. V. May,
W. A. White, John A. Clapp, T. D.
Black, W. L. Huffines, R. L. Small,
A. L. McLean, D. M. Greeson, J. V.
Kirkman, Glenn Garrett, J. W.
Phibbs, J. H. Summers, J. H. Shaw,
W. A. Smith, R. A. Allred, F. W. Rlt-ter,
Thomas F. Carter, W. C. Blair,
Julian M. Fields, G. W. Barbee, J. A.
Davis, M. L. Armfleld, R. O. Gamble,
J. L. Taylor, W. E. Ballinger, B. J.
Blair, W. C. Brown, Walter F. Smith,
D. P. Lemons, J. F. Powell, Jesse W.
Bull, W. G. Bodenhamer,/%. F. Hos-klns,
John A. Bodenhamen.
,..;.^.^...^,..-,^.-—- -,...^.^ -.^-.--- - - — *.«.—■
Hon. T. W. Blckett, attorney gen-eral
of North Carolina, will be the
orator ot the day at the annual Ma-sonic
picnic at Mocksville next
Thursday.
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