The Greensborough patriot [July 3, 1852]

              rctttsborongh ffatriot
VOL. XIV. GREENSBOROUGII, N.C., JULY 3, 1852. NO. 085;
PUBLISHED WEEKLY
BT SWAIM AND SHERWOOD.
Price $2-10 a year:
OR THRU DOLLARS, IF NOT PAID WITHIN ON It MONTH
AfTER THE DATE OF THE SUBSCRIPTION.
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ADDRESS.
To the People ofNorth Carolina, South
Carolina and Tennessee.
A large nuinhnr of the ciiijens of the counties
of Burke, McDowell, Rutherford, Henderson,
Haywood. Buncombe, and Madison, assembled
in convention al this place on the 31st ult., to
coniull and deliberate upon the proper schemes
ol Internal Improvement, to develop the un-laid
resources of western North Carolina. Af-ter
a free interchange of opinions, and a full and
thorough discussion, the series of resolutions ap-pended
to this address, were unniiiniouslr a-dopted.
and the undersigned appointed to address
you, and urged vou to put forth, at once, your
exertions to a/d in the accomplishment of two
enterprises, which will contribute so alien to the
advancement of our mutual prosperity.
It is known to every ciliirnof the Slate, that
the ablest engineers in the United States ; and
the reconnoisances made, induce the belief that
the former is also practicable. Tho route to be
selected should be left to be determined by sur-veys
hereafter to be made, by the estimated cost
—by the amount ofstock taken upon the different
routes, and we shall all cordially unite in support-ing
that route which the true interosis of our Slate
designate an the proper one lo be adopted.
Bui that project in which most of the Counties
represented in ihe Convention are more immedi-alelv
interested, is the extension of some one of
the South Carolina Koadsdown the valley of the
French llrnad, lo connect with the Tennessee
linads. Tin* is Ihe continuation of thai great
scheme of uniting Charleston and Cincinnati, in
which we took so lively an interest some years
ago, and which is completely within our ability
lo accomplish. We feel as deep an inleresl in
that project now, as we ever did. We are wil-ling
lo contribute lo ii, lo ihe full extent of our
means, and we earnestly invite the co-operation
of our fellow-citizens of South Carolina and Ten-nessee.
They are equally concerned in the en-terprise
with ourselves. In addition to iis value
lo them as an independent work, it will double
Ihe value of their own works now in process of
construction. It is the nearest route by which
they can be connected ; its practicability, at a
reasonable cost, has been clearly demonstrated :
it is Ihe route heretofore selected by themselves ;
and it is the route upon which ihey can procure
ihe greatest amount of*1 malerial aid."
Il will he observed that ihe Convention, in pro-posing
lo extend the Nnnh Carolina Road lo the
Tennessee line, proposes that it shall pass down
the valley of the Freneh Broad. The rouie of
hoili roads is therefore the same, and our means
will all he used, ill common, in accomplishing
shadowed by the dark clouds of ignorance and
sloth, and all their concomitant vices. You have
your own fate in your own hands. It is for you
lo determine wnether you will improve the fair
heritage which a tieneficenl God has given you,
or permit it to fall hack toils original stale nl sav-age
barbarity. We have loo much confidence in
your intelligence and patriotism lo doubt the re*
suit.
Asheville, June 3,
JOHN G. BYNUM,
WM. W. A VERY,
JOHN BAXTER.
N. W. WOODF1N.
JNO. E. PA'ITON,
1882.
RESOLUTIONS
Resolved, \st. That this Convention most
lo lorm the valley of the Amazon to the resl of
the world. Thai market way we overlook.—
The winds and the waves have placed the keys
of it in our hands. Let us not, hy non use, suffer
il In fall into the hands of others.
If we regard ihe whole comment of America
at one view, we observo that in the Equatorial
regions it is nearly cut in twain to receive an arm
of Ihe sea, skirted on the East by the chain of is-lands,
the Great and Little Antilles, which extend
from the Peninsula of Florida on the North, lo
the in mi ili of the Orinoco on the South ; lhal this
land-locked arm of the sea is separated from the
Pacific on the West by a narrow neck of conti-nent
called " the Isthmus." On the North, this
same arm of the sea receives Ihe drainage from'
be navigable for vessels of the largest class up to
the lool of Ihe Andes. The Pennsylvania 75,
■nay ascend lhal high.
And so traversed with navigatile streams and
water-courses is the great Atlantic slope of South
America, that there are in il no less than 1.S0O
miles uf-jjros," or natural rants*, through which
il is practicable for vessels to cross from one riv-er
over into another.
Were this valley settled upon and subdued lo
cultivation. •' the Indies," in a commercial sense,
would thereby he lifieri up unit placed at nur
doors, for all the productions of the East flourish
there; and so jealous and afraid of such a result
was Portugal, in her day of Easl India posses-sion
and commerce, thai hv a roval ordinance il
hennily approve ihe propoaed extension of the j ,ne Alabama Rivers; on ihe South, the surplus
. "—. ''.. _ .. —r f . I ,u..la« nf ll... K ... .1... II... — IL .. M l_
the valley of ihe Rio Grande, the Mississippi, and ! became unlawful lo cultivate in the great Amazon
North Carolina Rail Road, West, lo ihe Temies
see line, at the point where Ihe French Broad
River passes into lhal Stale, and East Irom Golds-horo'
to the Atlantic Ocean, and most earnestly
recommend said proposition lo ihe favorable
consideration of Ihe people of N. Carolina
waters of Ihe Amazon, Ihe Orinoco, the Magd
lens, and Alratn, are emptied into il also. This
■heel of sail water may therefore be treated of as
an expansion ol the Miaeippi on the Norlh, and
of Ihe Amazon on the South.
Regarding ihis magrificent marine basin as
Resolved, 2d, Thai we consider the extension I •»■■•••«» receptacle, we may search ihe world
in vain fir another such tealurc in physical geog-raphy
wherewith to compare il. Il is unique.
And for its commercial capabilities, it must for-ever
remain unsurpassed and unequalled.
Il lias a senii-conlinenl on the North, and an-other
on the South. When il is seed-lime an
one side of Ihis coiiiinental receptacle of agricul-tural
and commercial wealth, it is harvest-lime
on the oilier. Between the iwo hemispheres.
of the North Carolina Hail Road If'ett and East.
as indicated, as a projeel in which all ihe people
of North Carolina are directly interested, because
nf its tendency to promote every other work of
internal improvement now completed, or in pro-gress
within ihe Slate : And thai a contribution
of " malerial aid " hy ihe Slate, towards consum-mating
this grand scheme, is imperatively deman-ded
hy all classes nf her people
Jlesolvedrid, Thai the members of the next «*> *"» opposite seasons, it will have a round
Legislature from Ihe counties more immediately \ of crops always in the market. Six months af-interesleil
in Ihis subject, are earnestly requested I l0.r "|e ■•? wMlvWr* of the new crop Iron] the
to ask from lite next (ieneral Assembly a liberal
subscription towards this enterprise ; and Ihe
tor the first deliver
Norlh, a fresh crop from the South will be in
the act of coming forward.
eppropri
schemes which have been projected, about S4.-
500,000. of which but a mile has been expended
\re»t of Salisbury, a region of country excelled
by none in ihe State, for the fertility of its soil,
the salubrity of its climate, and Ihe extent and
Variety of in resources, and comprehending one-fourth
of the populalioo of the Slate. Three
years ago, the Legislature dircricd $2,000,000 lo
be subscribed on the part oflhc State, for the con-struction
«( a Rail Road from ihe Wilmington
Road at Guldsboro', to the South Carolina Knud
■I Charlotte, traversing the centre of the State,
and enabling the people in thai ferliie portion of
Norlh Carolina, lo gain access lo ihe Atlantic o-rean,
either at Charleston, by way of Wilming-ton,
or Norfolk. V«. This great work, appro-priately
styled Ihe North Carolina Rail Road, is
universally regarded as ihe base upon which all
other improvements in the Slate are lo be built.
Il is only the beginning of that system, which is,
when perlecied, to penetrate every section of the
Stale—enrich our farme, bring into existence
manufactories, give renewed life and energy to
every species of industry, and bind us together
as brethren, united in feeling and interest.
The true policy of the Slate requires that lhal
Road should be extended Easl and West, as in.
dieated in the first resolution adopted by the
Convention. At Beaufort, the proposed Eastern
terminus of the Road, is an inlet and harbor ex-celled
by none in the South Atlantic Slates; and
nlihoiigh it is not, at present, a place of much
commercial importance, the consummation of Ihe
project now proposed, will soon build il up. and
make il emphatically the Commercial Cily of
North Carolina, abundantly able In supply acreat
portion of the State with all the commercial fa-cilities
her necessities require, lls extension
West, through our own region of country, and
connecting with the Roads in the great Mississip-pi
Valley, opens to us the resources ol that vast
region of unrivalled fertility. It is the object ol
all Rail Roads commencing in the Atlantic and
penetrating into the interior, eventually to cross
Ihe mnunliins, reach this great valley.and secure
a portion of its trade, lls exhausiless wealth
must enrich any road which reaches its borders.
The experience of the various companies north
ol us who have attained that object by canals or .
rail roads, has established this beyond all ques-tion.
In every instance where the Great West
has been reached, and a means of transit afford-ed
for its varied and exhaustless products, pro-sperity
has been the uniform result to the com-panies
aflnnling the Iransit, lo the country thro'
which il passes, and to both extremes. North
Carolina will soon have a Road, upon which she
will have expended two millions of dollars, con- i
pealed wiib another at Raleigh, upon which she
has expended another million, and another at.
Guldsboro', in which she has stock to the amount I
Of •000,000. This connection with ihe West,'
would appreciate gieally her interest in all these
Roads, would insure their success, and cover our
country with all those Llcssiugs resulting from
well rewarded industry. That this would be Ihe
result, no one can doubt.
Il is loo late lo enter into an argument to prove
the utility of rail roads ; and we shall not insult
your understandings by attempting to demon-strate
that which every day's experience and ob-servation
establishes as true. Will Norlh Caro-lina
be insensible to all these considerations ? Il'
becomes no patriotic son of hers lo suppose lhal
she will be so wholly regardless of her true in-terests,
or thai she will be so unjust lo ihis pnr.
lion of the Slate. We have always clteerltilly
voted appropriations to build up improvements !
in the East and Centre of the Slate. No section-al
jealousy has prevented us from being just lo j
thrni. We have been true to the whole Stale ; >
anil now when her Roads have progressed to the
point where they are accessible to us, we con-fidently
appeal to the Legislature to do justice to
tis—to promote our interests—to provide for our
wants—our necessities, and bind the whole State
together by the strong lies of mutual interest.
Il will be observed, that Ihe Convention haa
not designated the point whence the proposed
riMd (hall leave the North Carolina Rnnd.
uor wheto il shall cross ihe mountains. Two
points hale been suggest! il—Salisbury and Char-loite,
ami two gaps proposed the Swannanoa anil
Kcedy Paleli. The Inter has been ascertained
tu ho entirely practicable by actual Nlfvey, hj
illc Road, can be extended, whichever wi
iribuie n.osl lo the enterprise, or whichever one
it will be mi.-i to our mutual interests tu select.
These Iwo projects being united, the Slate ol N.
Carolina would be bound by every consideration
of justice, to give the most ample aiil in budding
the Road from the juiiciion to the Tennessee
Roads, and although the completion of the plan
may he beyond the reach of individual means,
with the strong arm oflhc Slate to lean upon, ev-ery
obstacle would vanish from before us.
But is it beyond our united individual means?
The link to he supplied between Sparianhurg or
Greenville, and the Tennessee Road, 00 miles a
hove Knnxvillc, is bandy 120 uiiles. The coon
try through which il passes is mountainous, il is
true, but throughout the whole route, labor and
provisions areahundant and cheap, am] it is con-fidently
believed thai in no portion nf the United
Slates could a Rail Road be built at less cost.—
The cosl of this Road has once been accurately
estimated. The Committee have not had it in
iheir power lo gain access to these estimates, but
it is believed that at the present lime, in conse-quence
of the greal improvements in building
Rail Roads, and the cheapness of iron, upon a
revisal of them, they would be reduced one half.
Surely the building of ihis Road—ibis short link
in ihe great Charleston anil Cincinnati enterprise,
is within the meant of the City of Charleston a-lone.
Certainly she will not be so blind lo her
interests as to permit a project to ilie, calculated
lo exercise
perilv.
But wc ;
of our meai
the Road si
ilv Patch (
raised by in
State. Th
lance of Ihi
trlbuleil lib
South Carolina
some future d
we will ask the next Legislature ol North Caro- every ,leP » changes its latitude; with its cli
Una to grant a libeal charter to ellecl lhal object, ma,<:* lhe productions on its hanks are also rjhan
and will personally give such " malerial aid " as
a measure so important to our interest demands:
/'rovided, that in granting such charter. North
Carolina shall reserve to herself the righl lo con-nect
her North Carolina Rail Road therewith
ged. Consequently, lhe trader, as he descend
the Mississippi, beholds at every turn, some new
article of produce—somu fresh variety ol mer-chandise
offering for commerce. And by the
time he crosses the Tropic of Cancer, and bounds
basin a single drug, spice, or plant of East India
growth or production.
The Rephhlics of Ecuador, Peru anil Bolivia
have large and rich provinces upon the head nav-igable
waters of lhe Amazon, so thai the free nav-igation
of thai river, or an exchange with Brazil,
and lhe oilier powers concerned, or the free nav-igation
nf the Mississippi for lhal of the Amazon
and its tributaries, would, at mice, and without
more ado, give rise lo a considerable commerce.
As to ■!>■ prospective value and importance, it is
useless to speculate.
The navigation of the Amazon would divert
from the Pacific coasts of those Republics, a val-uable
portion of that trade which now goes around
Cape Horn, and reaches ihis Amazonian water-shed
by transportation on lhe hacks of sheep and
asses across the summits of the Andes.
A remarkable feature in the profile of the South
American coasl-line, is its waul of arlicuhnion.
The shore-line ol lhal part of t'1!' world is al-
I'he Mississippi! niosl as still'and rigid as the three sides eft righl-
1 angled triangle, winch il resembles. It is with-out
any considerable indenlation ; and nowhere
among the Southern continents do we find Ihe
jotiing promontories and peninsulas, or ihose en-circling
arms and gulfs of lhe sea, which in lhe
Northern hemisphere so increase the length of
shore-line and give that articulation to lhe con-tinental
profiles which enables ships, as in the
Mediterranean, the Red Sea. die Oulf of Mexico,
about the Peninsula of India, and lhe Northern
seas of Europe, lo sal) up into lhe interior, and
penetrate with commerce the very heart of coun-tries,
that, hut for such indenlation of shore-lute
would be thousands of miles from Ihe sea aud us
commerce.
in the event site will not extend the same lo lhe oul '"rough Ihe commercial mouth of ihis river
Tennessee line. "I"" ''"' l'll,r waters of the Atlantic Ocean, he
Unsolved, 5/A, That a Committee of five be wl" have crossed the climale and the region for
appointed to prep
N. Carolina, and
vital an influence upon her pro
re trilling to contribute to lhe extent
s, and wc confidently believe lhal if
nuld cross at the Swannanoa or Rec-aps,
from SHOO lo 9500.000 can he
lividual suburiplloua within our own
• whole people are alive to the impor-i
work. They have heretofore eon*
rally to lhe building of Rail Road) in
with the expectation that at
some of them would he exten-ded
to her bonier*, Not one of the Roads in 8,
Carolina north ol Columbia, has failed to receive
liberal assistance in North Carolina. The Char-lotte
Rnadalooa penetrate*, her territory. Have
we not, lien, a righl to call upon nur South Car-olina
brethren, lo extend mm* one nflheir Road*
through that Mttion of North Carolina whirr
thru Imve obtained assistance lo build their
/toads.' Will South Carolina turn from her
friends, alter h
in lime of need,
sources, crippled
construction of Ihi
he i xlcixled to us
mg tailed herself of tin
leave them lo their 01
s they arc, by aiding
very Rnads we now
Is she willing lo thr
ir aid
u re-n
the
iik to
>vv a-iinporlaiit
resolutions
re an address to lhe people of
Tennessee, in relation to the
subject* referred lo in the foregoing
At best, trading vessels by sea can but fringe
with commerce lhe outskirts of South America,
fur its shore-line, as already mentioned, is with-out
iiivlenialion. As yet the heart of lhal coun-try
has never been touched ; and unless us magni-ficent
rivers ami majestic sheets of fresh water be
pened to navigation, lhe commercial enterprii
THE RIVER AMAZON AND AMER-ICAN
COMMERCE.
MEMORIAL Ol* LIEL'T. MAI'RV, OF THE U. *. NAVY.
agricultural staple, and ranged through all
lhe capacities of field and forest in the Northern
hemisphere, from barley, furs and peltries, down
to the list of tropical productions.
The Amazon, on the other hand, runs Easl
and its navigable tributaries, flowing both from
the Norlh and the South push lhe inletlroptcal j ^.^i™" u,7narrow "s'l
varte.ies from field and lorest, far down toward. | ,ummjl „f „,„ ',,,„,,., an(1 ,h,
lhe Circle ol Capricorn, in the other hcmisphcn
The Mississppi ha
and out of his abundance lio ha* wlierewiili.il of
his produce—coffee, it may be, or drug* or spice*
or gums cocoa, or rice, lobacco. o' some other of
Ihe greal staples of that valley ; but be what il
may, he has enough lo give largely in exchange
with us for all lhe manufactured article*, whether
ol fancy, necessity or luxury, lhat he craves the
most. In lhe long list of what lha immigrant
Ihere will require of us, may be included lhal
greal assortment of goods known a* '• Yankee
nolninsi" also pickled beer and port, ham* anil
flour, butter, lard, and Ihe like, fur Ihe climate of
lhe Amazon is not favorable lo the production
and alowage of any of those things. 11 i* peculi-arly
unfavorable lo Ihe curing of meal* and the
griodmgof flour; it i* also unfavorable lor all in
door occupations. And in the settling up ol lhe
Amazon,considering that New York and Boston
arc but eighteen or Iwenly days, under canvas,
from lhe tumuli nf lhal river—considering that
ihe winds are fair for going and free for coming,
and lhe Atlantic ports ol the United State* are
the only market placea for which ihe winda are
thus propitious—considering all lhe physical ad-vantages
which we thus enjoy, and regarding this
immigrant as the type of a class—it may be ex-pected,
whenever lhe tide of an immigration,
guided and sustained by American enterprise
and energy, shall begin to ael toward* lhat valley,
lhal New York and Huston, wilh lhe manufac-turing
State*, will have lo supply those people
wilh every article of lhe I.mm or Ihe shop, from
the axe and thu hue up to gala dresses and river
sieainer*.
The man, therefore, who, in his native Europe;
could mil buy a cent'* wurlh of American pro-duce,
simply by being transferred as a aclller in
the valley of the Amazon, becomes at once a
producer, and one of Ihe best customer* lo X-merican
merchants lhal it is possible for a coiii-mercisl
people to have ; and Europe is ready, a*
soon us American commerce, barked by Ameri-can
energy, shall givo lhe world tangible evidence
of the riche* and reauurcca of lhal country, to-pour
fuith it* horde* into it.
Nol only «o would iis settlement enrich us,
bul in other respects also ii would add to national
greatness and prosperity ; for il may be act down
as an axc>m in political economy, a* true a* ia
the Catholic proposition of geometry, lhat in or-der
lhal communities of men may forsake lhe
land, lake lo lhe sea, use il, anil become seamen;
il musl be easier lo earn a living ai sea than oil
lhe land belonging to such communities.
Hence we find the severe rlimm-s and barren
•oils of lhe Norlh sending fuhh their young men
HI crowds down lo the sea for a living; but nev-er
have men been known to lorsake cheap lurid*,
rich soils, and fine climaies for the sea life.
The valley of lhe Kennehec and the Merriinae,
and the shores ol Cape Cod may send forth of
To the Senate and House of Representatives in
Congress assembled,respectful/)/showeth •:—
Thai he has for a number of years been en-gaged
wilh investigations concerning the winds
and currents of the sea, particularly as ll regards
their bearings upon commerce and navigation.
e investigations, many
have been suggested,
faring upon some of the
your memorialist
be pardoned lor
hie body sonic uf
which he has been
way the valuable trade and intercourse hill
had with this section ol Norlh Carolina ? Un-less
she is willing to do so, il behooves her to
act, anil lhal promptly. The spiril of Improve-ment
is ■broad in our land, and our people nre
tleteimined to act speedily. Our natural place
of trade is Charleston, and we invite, earnestly
invite our South Carolina brethren to assisi us in
providing a Road to reach iheni with our pro-duels.
There we are desirous of going. Cir-cumstances,
ana a due regard tor our own inter-ests,
may, however, foice our trade into other
channels, which though not so natural, may even
lually become more beneficial.
In the course of lie
fuels and considerations
which have * practical b
great interest! of state, and
hopes, therefore, lhat he may
spreading before your honor*
lhe results ami conclusions tu
led.
(In account of the currents which flow through,
and lhe wi da which blow over Ihe Calf ofMex-ico,
the Gulf ul'Mexico is, for many of the prac-tical
purposes of coiumirce anil navigation, a
closed SIM. Hence commeieial men and navi-gators
have maintained lhal the real outlet ol ihe
Mississippi River to tin' ocean is nol at Balize,
but in the Straits of Florida.
Similar agents have placed the commercial
mouth of the Auwz in, not where dial river emp-ties
into the ocean, which is under lhe Equator,
but they have removed it far up into the Northern
Hemisphere, anil placed il near lhe commercial
"iniailppi.
e Andes, in the interior of
albeit upon the head w*
il if
mail
list upon ll
IWO pieces uf drift, taken
s of their rivers, and ol lhe
npiy, will each, obeying
nid sei of the current*, be
bul reached lhe sugar
producing latitude, where il expands oul upon
the Gull of Mexico. The Amazon lakes up the
list where Ihe Mississippi leaves il; and com-mencing
wilh sugar, il yields in great profusion,
and of fine quality, coffee, cochineal, cocoa, col-
Ion, tubaeco, hemp, indigo, India-rubber, wax.
gums, drugs ami rosins. Wilh cabinet-woods
and dye-stuffs of great beauty and of infinite va-riety,
this splendid river basin completes the
commercial round by the addition lo lhe above
lisi of many Other articles from the field, th- lor-es!,
and lhe mine, of rare value or greal worth.
In the commercial circle, these two river barins
are the supplements of each oilier—what one
lacks, the oilier one has lo spare.
The foundations of commerce rest upon diver-sity
of climates; for without diversity of climale
there can he no diversity of productions, and
consequently no variety of produce, which be-gets
barter, and thus gives rise lo commerce.
rope, extending from -.be j
to further lo lhe South I
of the world can never reach the greal interior of their yeomanry lo make sailor* ofj bill we have
South America. Naturally, Ihe whole of lhal never yet heard of young men, in any considera-ip
between lhe ble numbers, forsaking their home* in the teem-
I'.,eiitc Ocean, ing valley ol the Mississippi, fur lhe dangers;
slopes down lhe Atlantic. It is tributary to the the hardships, and lhe scaui fare of the common
Atlantic, and into the Atlantic it is destined lo sailor at sea.
pour iis commerce. The country drained by the i And neither will the immigrant or hi* ion for-
Amazon anil the La Plata embraces an area larger *a*e the mild climate and kind soil of Ihe Aina-ih.
ni lhe continent of Europe. The navigation '-"" 'or the sea. American merchant*. Ameri-of
those streams would divert a large pomou of
the Cape Horn trade, and throw il at our feel;
for we perceive, from ibesiatemenisalreaily made,
thai, on account of lhe winds and currents uf the
sea, ihe mouth of lhe Amazon is in close physical
connection with our Southern ports—and to make
thai connection one of business, profit, and friend-ship,
we have but lo devise a plan which, by en-couraging
commerce and navigation there, shall,
can ships, and American sailors will therefore bo
the chiel competitors for the fetching and carry-ing
of all thai trade to which, in prueess of lime,
IWO or three hundred millions of people in the
valley of the Amazon, and which il ia capable of
siisuuning, will give rise.
The commercial future of lhat valley i* the
most magnificent in the world.
it belongs mostly to Brazil, and trade wilh
Brazil is already greater iljnh JTOWilh any olh-
The Continent ol E
Polar Basin, reaches
. than the parallel of 38
I ly none of the climate!
\ between 30 deg
: be found in Em
eg. Nonb ;
lue any of
rlh and the Eql
; anil if nol the
gatew
Ifl
ayofoi
nfi win
r own M
d from III
Sontl
ITS 1
root
Allierli
flbe Ai
lhe Ko
a, h
laZl
•kv
e set
o. an
Moo
North Aider
if the Mi so. ri.
did e.
heaa
o r*| reseiil 1 rrenl
lea* i do win i i cv ei
be f. ree of tl e wmils a
la inly nut lliu productions. '
Now, it is a fan in physic;
is worthy of re murk in thin t
the Continent of Kuropc ends
latitude begin llifl river basins
eoMequeni-ihc
parallel!
alor, are in
'limatcs, cer-
I with lhe concurrence of (he oilier powers con-i
eerned, give an impulse also (u the scltleitienl of er country whatever, execplinfouly England anil
| lhal valley, ami WCUM to our inereliaiilt. lhe right France. ,
, of trade up and down ihat river on fair and libtr-! From the United Slates to lhe Km, the voy-r.
tl terms. ! age is long and uncertain, and our merchant! are
Hearing in mind, therefore, all these things, and falling into ihe habit of conducting their. Urazil-taking
mil) coiiMileralion the geographical posi- 1 iau correspondence through England. There ia
lion ol that riwr bwfo« and our climale with re- a monthly lino of steamers thence to Kio ; ita lime
yard to iis oulleU—eooMderiog its climates, its ol going is 29 or 30 flays ; the average aailiue
soils, its resources, and lls eapahililies; lhat lhe passage from New York lo l.in is jroa. 40 lo fiO
I geography, and
mnerlion : where
at lhal degree of
>f lull.., which,
Hither loir be railed PXle,,,1'nr? fr,,n> (l'c parallel ol 36 deg. Norlh I
, in '.he interior ol
head waleif*
: b'uad occin lluough the 1'lor-
A-our
immediate constituents, we address
cs wilh die full confidence of meeting a
response lo our suggestions. NOW
t lor acti
To
nursel
heart?
ihe lime action. Every section ol the conn
try around you is in motion. We know thai
you are fully alive to the importance of the oc-casion,
and lhal yon are ready lo do your part.
You possess |he fines, elimale III the world.—
Yuur hills are lull or every species of valuable
mineral, from iron, lo lhe precious metals. You
have water power enough lo build up a LoWBU,
in every County. Your soil, even lo the sum-mits
ol your highest mouniains. ia ofgreat fertil-ity,
li arows every product of the tempeieie
zone. Only one thing is needed lo make yours
the most desirable country on earth* lhe Baeens
Ol tranoportb| rapidly and ebeuply your products
to market. Without ibis, there is no stimulus lo
exertion ; the mechanic arts cannot flourish :
manufaolorif* cannol spring up and subsist; the
larmrr can get no aelaqnati reenmpenee (or his
labor, education and rei'mum ot will BOlne diffu-sed
abroad. Wilhuul this.our land will be u.er-drifietl
oul un th
ida pass.
1 he prevailing winds at the moulh of lhe
mazon are the S. K. trade winds, and no \essel
coming out of the mould ol that ver can stand
lo lhe Southward, tin account i die winds and
currents, both of which are directly in the teeth
ol all sailing vessels that attempt lo steer such
courses.
I'.iSMing a few leagues to the North, lhe out-ward
bound Amazonian iheu enters lhe region of
lhe .V Ba trade winds, which compel her, unless
she be bound into the t'arnliran Sea, In stretch
oiTio lhe Northward and (Vent-yard until she has
passed through lhe region of the N. E. trades.
.10,1 .
Norlh
own e
Not
■met
<>>■
last,
v. t
■ fro
de J
ny
■ he
whic
iis is
ll the
aneir
til Ihi
parallel i
h lime she
the course
l M
bud
of a
hell
. lo
il Ihi
di*. of 30 dec
» herself oil' our
II vessels under
cr thev be bound
ndia.'or to Afri-
I'acific around
o
■a
Kio
or :
o, in
ma
Bran
rkei*
Cape Horn, or to the commercial marls of Eu-rope.
He their destination u hat il may, unless
along the Spanish main, or through lhe Carribe-an
Kea, they must first steer Norlh lo cross the
belt of N. E, trades, and m doing so they must
pass hy our own doors.
Tin-n lore, lor lhe peaceful and praelieal pur-poses
of commerce and navigation, there U hot
one high way from the iimuih •■('the Amazon.
On that highway, lhe BoDlharn Atlantic ports of
the United Stone occupy the position of h.ilf-way
houaee en the grant market way that fa some day
anted lo lhe Sennas, by Mr. Hunter, of Vir-ginia,
on the ruth ol Ma\
down into the intertropical regions of this lienns
J phere, hjve enriched wilh iheir produce and
their commerce every naiion ol Europe lhat has
ever ventured abroad with her merchantmen in
search of it. Aud why? Simply because lhe
latitudes, and lha climates, and consequently ihe
produeiions of India, were nol to be found iii Eu-rope
; and the Europeans wanting them, Motto
India for them. In like manner the people ol
India wanted lhe productions of Europe. Hence
barter and lhe Inundation of all commerce mav
be referred to ilill'erenee of latitude and climate.
Bul to exchange ihe produce and ihe merehan-dise
of lhe North frigid and Norlh temperate for
the North torrid zone, ihe European had to en-
; counter a tedious aud dangerous navigation, and
he bad, withal, to compass such a distance, that
the time taken for his veuual to go and to come
once, occupied the full year.
On the other hand, we have at our very doors,
this greal valley of Ihe Amazon, wilh all, and
more than all, in Ihe climates aud soils ami agri-cultural
capabilities of India twice told.
The distance, under modem improvements of
navigation, from our Southern purls to the moulh
nf the Amazon, is nol as many days as India
used to be in mouths from Europe.
The valley of the Mississippi extends, accor-ding
lo the compulation of physical geographers,
over an area ol 1182.000 square miles of the Am-zon
and iis continents, with lhe Orinoco as one
of them, embraces lhe vast area more than Iwice
over. The greal Amazonian Valley is said, by
the same authority lo cover an area ol upwards
of two millions ol square miles in extent.
Tho Mississippi Kiver is computed lo-ifloida
littoral navigation id' 19.000 miles in length : some .
put it down as high as 20,000. Itut (be AmaStifl
and iftj tnajeetie tributaries wind ihvnugb an in-tend
navigation tu smh an extent lhat, if stretch-ed
out in CIH' line, its length would be enough to
euairele ihe earth three times, ft is set don n si
high as 80,000 miles. The I .J to
loundahoiis of its prosperity arc lo real00 a libe
ral commercial policy, and thai iis induslnal pur-suits
musl receive a lone, character, and direction
from those Who Conduct thai commerce,—cousi-deling
lhal it is the policy ol lhe United Slates
10 cultivate the relatione of peace with all nations
through the bonds ol mutual interest and good
will—ct-ustdcring, al«o, lhal ihis river basin is lor
lhe most part a wilderness, and lhal il is, there-fore,
like wax lo receive impression from com-merce—
considering, loo* lhal lhe laws of llrazil
touching immigration into lhal * alley are said lo
be of the most liberal character—considering,
moieo.er, the'olc-ation of ihose laws, and ihe
classes of people who are allfad) there ;—consi-dering
all these things, lei it be repeated, \ nur
memorialist is deeply impressed wub lhe impor-tance
of the subject, lie beholds in it a question
of immense magnitude. The quesliou of navi-gation
aud Bommeree with ihe Amazon, and up
ihe Amazon—lhe greaiesl river and the most fer-liie
river basin in the world—is lhe greatest com-mercial
question of Uie day.
The bearing and ihe iaflueneee of such a ques-tion
upon lhe future welUheing and prosperity of
ihis couuliv. cannot, for iheir scope and extent,
be laken in, unless b\ the mosi expanded view
oflhc mosl far*aighted statesmanship.
Your memorialist, therefore, pr.i>s for such
constitutional ami rightful legislation on lhe part
ol your honorable bodies as shall lend to encour-age
commerce aud navigation wilh that magni-ficent
water shed. Among the collateral results
incident lo a judcious course of legislation now
upon such a subject, may be counted, nnuMf or
later, a tide of immigration there, lollowed by
settlement and tillage, which, in turn, v* ill lead
lo Hie development of the boundless commercial
resources of that uuparalelled region, and lo lhe
establishment of those business lies, social rela- i pnrtan
lions, and happy connections which active com- And
merce and frequent inicicourse never fail lo begei
belucen nations.
Imagine an immigrant-—a poor laboring man
be me) be—to arrive Iroui the interior of Europe*
as a settler in lhe valley nf the Amazon. W licre
he was, bis labor could but support himself in
ihe mo»t frugal manner, and then be ««» no ena-lOHM
r of ours. ltul i
wilh a teeming sod ebd li
M ble hiieboudryi and wl
in eefoi is said io be eno
w:.b plenty he works With his wonted dilige
da\ s. Hence it is more convenient for the busi-ness
man lo send his letters via England.
Now, ihere is a line of steamers from Para, at
the moulh of ihe Amazon, lo Kio. A line from
Norfolk to Pnra, equalling in speed thq CuJIine
line to Liverpool, would make the passage iu
eigbl or ten days. At l!ie same rale, the dis-tance
lo Kio might be accomplished in another
wtek or ten days, thus bringing lhat great com-mercial
mart of South America within tweniy.
instead of forty days, of our business men.
All the lines ol ocean mail steamers lhal have
yet been directly encouraged by the ITniled Slates
Government on the waters of the Allauu'c, have
iheir terminus in New York.
Your mcmoraliai is opposed m.reql.rali^tran.l
and therefore for ibis, as vvell as for oilier reas-ons,
prays that Norfolk or Charleston, or some
oilier Souiheri, Atlantic port, may he made the
terminus of a line ol United Slates mail s:eam*>
ships to Parti touching at I'orta Kio and such
other West India inlands as may be agreed upon.
Another reason why ihe preference m ilus en-terprise
should be given lo a $ouihern [port, ia ia
ihe distance, lor the Southern ports are nearer
than ihose of the North, to the moulh of the Am*
anon* And to ask that these steamers.shoulul
pass by Southern poris with Souih American
correspondence, to be landed at the Nurili and
sen: back through ihe mnijs to ihe South, would
seem hqlh unfair aud unreasonable to your we-moralisl.
.
Moreover, he has ventured lospecify only one
of a series of measures which it may be necessa-,
ry to adopt, in niiler to develope, for lhe benefit
of American navigation, lhe greal commercial
Health of ihe Amazon. He c,onten|s himself
wilh sperilying ihis ope, because, in his judg-ment,
it is highly expedient and of pressing itu-i
Hi duly bound, Ac,
M. F. MAUfttf.
Ins new hou
ne elm
n the labor
gh to crown
IN where*
wponding
>t one day
1.1.- board
/■oreitcn I'mi^ration to .Xitp Vur/c City for
Mail,—During ihe last IIHUIIII, :tU,3?0 i migrants
arrived at the port ol N»-vV ^ orl. which is an in-crease
of 4138 on the amount of emigraiion for
the month pmviooe.uud 2838 more than* arrived
during ihe corresponding period of l*)SI jear.
The Dumber ol emigreaM Irom Germany fur last
month exceeds lhal irom wy tuber country, bw.
ing 13,0.98, while from Ireland it is 12,87*.