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rctttsborongh ffatriot VOL. XIV. GREENSBOROUGII, N.C., JULY 3, 1852. NO. 085; PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT SWAIM AND SHERWOOD. Price $2-10 a year: OR THRU DOLLARS, IF NOT PAID WITHIN ON It MONTH AfTER THE DATE OF THE SUBSCRIPTION. ADVERTISING RATKS. One dollar per square (fifteen lines) for the hut week, and twenty-rive.cents for every week there-ffter. Deductions mado in favor of standing adver-tements as follows: Thru months. Six months. One year Onesqoare, M.60 MJO M.00 Two squares, 7.00 10.00 14.00 Three " Ucol.) 10.00 15.00 21)00 Half column, 18.00 25.00 35.00 ADDRESS. To the People ofNorth Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. A large nuinhnr of the ciiijens of the counties of Burke, McDowell, Rutherford, Henderson, Haywood. Buncombe, and Madison, assembled in convention al this place on the 31st ult., to coniull and deliberate upon the proper schemes ol Internal Improvement, to develop the un-laid resources of western North Carolina. Af-ter a free interchange of opinions, and a full and thorough discussion, the series of resolutions ap-pended to this address, were unniiiniouslr a-dopted. and the undersigned appointed to address you, and urged vou to put forth, at once, your exertions to a/d in the accomplishment of two enterprises, which will contribute so alien to the advancement of our mutual prosperity. It is known to every ciliirnof the Slate, that the ablest engineers in the United States ; and the reconnoisances made, induce the belief that the former is also practicable. Tho route to be selected should be left to be determined by sur-veys hereafter to be made, by the estimated cost —by the amount ofstock taken upon the different routes, and we shall all cordially unite in support-ing that route which the true interosis of our Slate designate an the proper one lo be adopted. Bui that project in which most of the Counties represented in ihe Convention are more immedi-alelv interested, is the extension of some one of the South Carolina Koadsdown the valley of the French llrnad, lo connect with the Tennessee linads. Tin* is Ihe continuation of thai great scheme of uniting Charleston and Cincinnati, in which we took so lively an interest some years ago, and which is completely within our ability lo accomplish. We feel as deep an inleresl in that project now, as we ever did. We are wil-ling lo contribute lo ii, lo ihe full extent of our means, and we earnestly invite the co-operation of our fellow-citizens of South Carolina and Ten-nessee. They are equally concerned in the en-terprise with ourselves. In addition to iis value lo them as an independent work, it will double Ihe value of their own works now in process of construction. It is the nearest route by which they can be connected ; its practicability, at a reasonable cost, has been clearly demonstrated : it is Ihe route heretofore selected by themselves ; and it is the route upon which ihey can procure ihe greatest amount of*1 malerial aid." Il will he observed that ihe Convention, in pro-posing lo extend the Nnnh Carolina Road lo the Tennessee line, proposes that it shall pass down the valley of the Freneh Broad. The rouie of hoili roads is therefore the same, and our means will all he used, ill common, in accomplishing shadowed by the dark clouds of ignorance and sloth, and all their concomitant vices. You have your own fate in your own hands. It is for you lo determine wnether you will improve the fair heritage which a tieneficenl God has given you, or permit it to fall hack toils original stale nl sav-age barbarity. We have loo much confidence in your intelligence and patriotism lo doubt the re* suit. Asheville, June 3, JOHN G. BYNUM, WM. W. A VERY, JOHN BAXTER. N. W. WOODF1N. JNO. E. PA'ITON, 1882. RESOLUTIONS Resolved, \st. That this Convention most lo lorm the valley of the Amazon to the resl of the world. Thai market way we overlook.— The winds and the waves have placed the keys of it in our hands. Let us not, hy non use, suffer il In fall into the hands of others. If we regard ihe whole comment of America at one view, we observo that in the Equatorial regions it is nearly cut in twain to receive an arm of Ihe sea, skirted on the East by the chain of is-lands, the Great and Little Antilles, which extend from the Peninsula of Florida on the North, lo the in mi ili of the Orinoco on the South ; lhal this land-locked arm of the sea is separated from the Pacific on the West by a narrow neck of conti-nent called " the Isthmus." On the North, this same arm of the sea receives Ihe drainage from' be navigable for vessels of the largest class up to the lool of Ihe Andes. The Pennsylvania 75, ■nay ascend lhal high. And so traversed with navigatile streams and water-courses is the great Atlantic slope of South America, that there are in il no less than 1.S0O miles uf-jjros," or natural rants*, through which il is practicable for vessels to cross from one riv-er over into another. Were this valley settled upon and subdued lo cultivation. •' the Indies," in a commercial sense, would thereby he lifieri up unit placed at nur doors, for all the productions of the East flourish there; and so jealous and afraid of such a result was Portugal, in her day of Easl India posses-sion and commerce, thai hv a roval ordinance il hennily approve ihe propoaed extension of the j ,ne Alabama Rivers; on ihe South, the surplus . "—. ''.. _ .. —r f . I ,u..la« nf ll... K ... .1... II... — IL .. M l_ the valley of ihe Rio Grande, the Mississippi, and ! became unlawful lo cultivate in the great Amazon North Carolina Rail Road, West, lo ihe Temies see line, at the point where Ihe French Broad River passes into lhal Stale, and East Irom Golds-horo' to the Atlantic Ocean, and most earnestly recommend said proposition lo ihe favorable consideration of Ihe people of N. Carolina waters of Ihe Amazon, Ihe Orinoco, the Magd lens, and Alratn, are emptied into il also. This ■heel of sail water may therefore be treated of as an expansion ol the Miaeippi on the Norlh, and of Ihe Amazon on the South. Regarding ihis magrificent marine basin as Resolved, 2d, Thai we consider the extension I •»■■•••«» receptacle, we may search ihe world in vain fir another such tealurc in physical geog-raphy wherewith to compare il. Il is unique. And for its commercial capabilities, it must for-ever remain unsurpassed and unequalled. Il lias a senii-conlinenl on the North, and an-other on the South. When il is seed-lime an one side of Ihis coiiiinental receptacle of agricul-tural and commercial wealth, it is harvest-lime on the oilier. Between the iwo hemispheres. of the North Carolina Hail Road If'ett and East. as indicated, as a projeel in which all ihe people of North Carolina are directly interested, because nf its tendency to promote every other work of internal improvement now completed, or in pro-gress within ihe Slate : And thai a contribution of " malerial aid " hy ihe Slate, towards consum-mating this grand scheme, is imperatively deman-ded hy all classes nf her people Jlesolvedrid, Thai the members of the next «*> *"» opposite seasons, it will have a round Legislature from Ihe counties more immediately \ of crops always in the market. Six months af-interesleil in Ihis subject, are earnestly requested I l0.r "|e ■•? wMlvWr* of the new crop Iron] the to ask from lite next (ieneral Assembly a liberal subscription towards this enterprise ; and Ihe tor the first deliver Norlh, a fresh crop from the South will be in the act of coming forward. eppropri schemes which have been projected, about S4.- 500,000. of which but a mile has been expended \re»t of Salisbury, a region of country excelled by none in ihe State, for the fertility of its soil, the salubrity of its climate, and Ihe extent and Variety of in resources, and comprehending one-fourth of the populalioo of the Slate. Three years ago, the Legislature dircricd $2,000,000 lo be subscribed on the part oflhc State, for the con-struction «( a Rail Road from ihe Wilmington Road at Guldsboro', to the South Carolina Knud ■I Charlotte, traversing the centre of the State, and enabling the people in thai ferliie portion of Norlh Carolina, lo gain access lo ihe Atlantic o-rean, either at Charleston, by way of Wilming-ton, or Norfolk. V«. This great work, appro-priately styled Ihe North Carolina Rail Road, is universally regarded as ihe base upon which all other improvements in the Slate are lo be built. Il is only the beginning of that system, which is, when perlecied, to penetrate every section of the Stale—enrich our farme, bring into existence manufactories, give renewed life and energy to every species of industry, and bind us together as brethren, united in feeling and interest. The true policy of the Slate requires that lhal Road should be extended Easl and West, as in. dieated in the first resolution adopted by the Convention. At Beaufort, the proposed Eastern terminus of the Road, is an inlet and harbor ex-celled by none in the South Atlantic Slates; and nlihoiigh it is not, at present, a place of much commercial importance, the consummation of Ihe project now proposed, will soon build il up. and make il emphatically the Commercial Cily of North Carolina, abundantly able In supply acreat portion of the State with all the commercial fa-cilities her necessities require, lls extension West, through our own region of country, and connecting with the Roads in the great Mississip-pi Valley, opens to us the resources ol that vast region of unrivalled fertility. It is the object ol all Rail Roads commencing in the Atlantic and penetrating into the interior, eventually to cross Ihe mnunliins, reach this great valley.and secure a portion of its trade, lls exhausiless wealth must enrich any road which reaches its borders. The experience of the various companies north ol us who have attained that object by canals or . rail roads, has established this beyond all ques-tion. In every instance where the Great West has been reached, and a means of transit afford-ed for its varied and exhaustless products, pro-sperity has been the uniform result to the com-panies aflnnling the Iransit, lo the country thro' which il passes, and to both extremes. North Carolina will soon have a Road, upon which she will have expended two millions of dollars, con- i pealed wiib another at Raleigh, upon which she has expended another million, and another at. Guldsboro', in which she has stock to the amount I Of •000,000. This connection with ihe West,' would appreciate gieally her interest in all these Roads, would insure their success, and cover our country with all those Llcssiugs resulting from well rewarded industry. That this would be Ihe result, no one can doubt. Il is loo late lo enter into an argument to prove the utility of rail roads ; and we shall not insult your understandings by attempting to demon-strate that which every day's experience and ob-servation establishes as true. Will Norlh Caro-lina be insensible to all these considerations ? Il' becomes no patriotic son of hers lo suppose lhal she will be so wholly regardless of her true in-terests, or thai she will be so unjust lo ihis pnr. lion of the Slate. We have always clteerltilly voted appropriations to build up improvements ! in the East and Centre of the Slate. No section-al jealousy has prevented us from being just lo j thrni. We have been true to the whole Stale ; > anil now when her Roads have progressed to the point where they are accessible to us, we con-fidently appeal to the Legislature to do justice to tis—to promote our interests—to provide for our wants—our necessities, and bind the whole State together by the strong lies of mutual interest. Il will be observed, that Ihe Convention haa not designated the point whence the proposed riMd (hall leave the North Carolina Rnnd. uor wheto il shall cross ihe mountains. Two points hale been suggest! il—Salisbury and Char-loite, ami two gaps proposed the Swannanoa anil Kcedy Paleli. The Inter has been ascertained tu ho entirely practicable by actual Nlfvey, hj illc Road, can be extended, whichever wi iribuie n.osl lo the enterprise, or whichever one it will be mi.-i to our mutual interests tu select. These Iwo projects being united, the Slate ol N. Carolina would be bound by every consideration of justice, to give the most ample aiil in budding the Road from the juiiciion to the Tennessee Roads, and although the completion of the plan may he beyond the reach of individual means, with the strong arm oflhc Slate to lean upon, ev-ery obstacle would vanish from before us. But is it beyond our united individual means? The link to he supplied between Sparianhurg or Greenville, and the Tennessee Road, 00 miles a hove Knnxvillc, is bandy 120 uiiles. The coon try through which il passes is mountainous, il is true, but throughout the whole route, labor and provisions areahundant and cheap, am] it is con-fidently believed thai in no portion nf the United Slates could a Rail Road be built at less cost.— The cosl of this Road has once been accurately estimated. The Committee have not had it in iheir power lo gain access to these estimates, but it is believed that at the present lime, in conse-quence of the greal improvements in building Rail Roads, and the cheapness of iron, upon a revisal of them, they would be reduced one half. Surely the building of ihis Road—ibis short link in ihe great Charleston anil Cincinnati enterprise, is within the meant of the City of Charleston a-lone. Certainly she will not be so blind lo her interests as to permit a project to ilie, calculated lo exercise perilv. But wc ; of our meai the Road si ilv Patch ( raised by in State. Th lance of Ihi trlbuleil lib South Carolina some future d we will ask the next Legislature ol North Caro- every ,leP » changes its latitude; with its cli Una to grant a libeal charter to ellecl lhal object, ma,<:* lhe productions on its hanks are also rjhan and will personally give such " malerial aid " as a measure so important to our interest demands: /'rovided, that in granting such charter. North Carolina shall reserve to herself the righl lo con-nect her North Carolina Rail Road therewith ged. Consequently, lhe trader, as he descend the Mississippi, beholds at every turn, some new article of produce—somu fresh variety ol mer-chandise offering for commerce. And by the time he crosses the Tropic of Cancer, and bounds basin a single drug, spice, or plant of East India growth or production. The Rephhlics of Ecuador, Peru anil Bolivia have large and rich provinces upon the head nav-igable waters of lhe Amazon, so thai the free nav-igation of thai river, or an exchange with Brazil, and lhe oilier powers concerned, or the free nav-igation nf the Mississippi for lhal of the Amazon and its tributaries, would, at mice, and without more ado, give rise lo a considerable commerce. As to ■!>■ prospective value and importance, it is useless to speculate. The navigation of the Amazon would divert from the Pacific coasts of those Republics, a val-uable portion of that trade which now goes around Cape Horn, and reaches ihis Amazonian water-shed by transportation on lhe hacks of sheep and asses across the summits of the Andes. A remarkable feature in the profile of the South American coasl-line, is its waul of arlicuhnion. The shore-line ol lhal part of t'1!' world is al- I'he Mississippi! niosl as still'and rigid as the three sides eft righl- 1 angled triangle, winch il resembles. It is with-out any considerable indenlation ; and nowhere among the Southern continents do we find Ihe jotiing promontories and peninsulas, or ihose en-circling arms and gulfs of lhe sea, which in lhe Northern hemisphere so increase the length of shore-line and give that articulation to lhe con-tinental profiles which enables ships, as in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea. die Oulf of Mexico, about the Peninsula of India, and lhe Northern seas of Europe, lo sal) up into lhe interior, and penetrate with commerce the very heart of coun-tries, that, hut for such indenlation of shore-lute would be thousands of miles from Ihe sea aud us commerce. in the event site will not extend the same lo lhe oul '"rough Ihe commercial mouth of ihis river Tennessee line. "I"" ''"' l'll,r waters of the Atlantic Ocean, he Unsolved, 5/A, That a Committee of five be wl" have crossed the climale and the region for appointed to prep N. Carolina, and vital an influence upon her pro re trilling to contribute to lhe extent s, and wc confidently believe lhal if nuld cross at the Swannanoa or Rec-aps, from SHOO lo 9500.000 can he lividual suburiplloua within our own • whole people are alive to the impor-i work. They have heretofore eon* rally to lhe building of Rail Road) in with the expectation that at some of them would he exten-ded to her bonier*, Not one of the Roads in 8, Carolina north ol Columbia, has failed to receive liberal assistance in North Carolina. The Char-lotte Rnadalooa penetrate*, her territory. Have we not, lien, a righl to call upon nur South Car-olina brethren, lo extend mm* one nflheir Road* through that Mttion of North Carolina whirr thru Imve obtained assistance lo build their /toads.' Will South Carolina turn from her friends, alter h in lime of need, sources, crippled construction of Ihi he i xlcixled to us mg tailed herself of tin leave them lo their 01 s they arc, by aiding very Rnads we now Is she willing lo thr ir aid u re-n the iik to >vv a-iinporlaiit resolutions re an address to lhe people of Tennessee, in relation to the subject* referred lo in the foregoing At best, trading vessels by sea can but fringe with commerce lhe outskirts of South America, fur its shore-line, as already mentioned, is with-out iiivlenialion. As yet the heart of lhal coun-try has never been touched ; and unless us magni-ficent rivers ami majestic sheets of fresh water be pened to navigation, lhe commercial enterprii THE RIVER AMAZON AND AMER-ICAN COMMERCE. MEMORIAL Ol* LIEL'T. MAI'RV, OF THE U. *. NAVY. agricultural staple, and ranged through all lhe capacities of field and forest in the Northern hemisphere, from barley, furs and peltries, down to the list of tropical productions. The Amazon, on the other hand, runs Easl and its navigable tributaries, flowing both from the Norlh and the South push lhe inletlroptcal j ^.^i™" u,7narrow "s'l varte.ies from field and lorest, far down toward. | ,ummjl „f „,„ ',,,„,,., an(1 ,h, lhe Circle ol Capricorn, in the other hcmisphcn The Mississppi ha and out of his abundance lio ha* wlierewiili.il of his produce—coffee, it may be, or drug* or spice* or gums cocoa, or rice, lobacco. o' some other of Ihe greal staples of that valley ; but be what il may, he has enough lo give largely in exchange with us for all lhe manufactured article*, whether ol fancy, necessity or luxury, lhat he craves the most. In lhe long list of what lha immigrant Ihere will require of us, may be included lhal greal assortment of goods known a* '• Yankee nolninsi" also pickled beer and port, ham* anil flour, butter, lard, and Ihe like, fur Ihe climate of lhe Amazon is not favorable lo the production and alowage of any of those things. 11 i* peculi-arly unfavorable lo Ihe curing of meal* and the griodmgof flour; it i* also unfavorable lor all in door occupations. And in the settling up ol lhe Amazon,considering that New York and Boston arc but eighteen or Iwenly days, under canvas, from lhe tumuli nf lhal river—considering that ihe winds are fair for going and free for coming, and lhe Atlantic ports ol the United State* are the only market placea for which ihe winda are thus propitious—considering all lhe physical ad-vantages which we thus enjoy, and regarding this immigrant as the type of a class—it may be ex-pected, whenever lhe tide of an immigration, guided and sustained by American enterprise and energy, shall begin to ael toward* lhat valley, lhal New York and Huston, wilh lhe manufac-turing State*, will have lo supply those people wilh every article of lhe I.mm or Ihe shop, from the axe and thu hue up to gala dresses and river sieainer*. The man, therefore, who, in his native Europe; could mil buy a cent'* wurlh of American pro-duce, simply by being transferred as a aclller in the valley of the Amazon, becomes at once a producer, and one of Ihe best customer* lo X-merican merchants lhal it is possible for a coiii-mercisl people to have ; and Europe is ready, a* soon us American commerce, barked by Ameri-can energy, shall givo lhe world tangible evidence of the riche* and reauurcca of lhal country, to-pour fuith it* horde* into it. Nol only «o would iis settlement enrich us, bul in other respects also ii would add to national greatness and prosperity ; for il may be act down as an axc>m in political economy, a* true a* ia the Catholic proposition of geometry, lhat in or-der lhal communities of men may forsake lhe land, lake lo lhe sea, use il, anil become seamen; il musl be easier lo earn a living ai sea than oil lhe land belonging to such communities. Hence we find the severe rlimm-s and barren •oils of lhe Norlh sending fuhh their young men HI crowds down lo the sea for a living; but nev-er have men been known to lorsake cheap lurid*, rich soils, and fine climaies for the sea life. The valley of lhe Kennehec and the Merriinae, and the shores ol Cape Cod may send forth of To the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress assembled,respectful/)/showeth •:— Thai he has for a number of years been en-gaged wilh investigations concerning the winds and currents of the sea, particularly as ll regards their bearings upon commerce and navigation. e investigations, many have been suggested, faring upon some of the your memorialist be pardoned lor hie body sonic uf which he has been way the valuable trade and intercourse hill had with this section ol Norlh Carolina ? Un-less she is willing to do so, il behooves her to act, anil lhal promptly. The spiril of Improve-ment is ■broad in our land, and our people nre tleteimined to act speedily. Our natural place of trade is Charleston, and we invite, earnestly invite our South Carolina brethren to assisi us in providing a Road to reach iheni with our pro-duels. There we are desirous of going. Cir-cumstances, ana a due regard tor our own inter-ests, may, however, foice our trade into other channels, which though not so natural, may even lually become more beneficial. In the course of lie fuels and considerations which have * practical b great interest! of state, and hopes, therefore, lhat he may spreading before your honor* lhe results ami conclusions tu led. (In account of the currents which flow through, and lhe wi da which blow over Ihe Calf ofMex-ico, the Gulf ul'Mexico is, for many of the prac-tical purposes of coiumirce anil navigation, a closed SIM. Hence commeieial men and navi-gators have maintained lhal the real outlet ol ihe Mississippi River to tin' ocean is nol at Balize, but in the Straits of Florida. Similar agents have placed the commercial mouth of the Auwz in, not where dial river emp-ties into the ocean, which is under lhe Equator, but they have removed it far up into the Northern Hemisphere, anil placed il near lhe commercial "iniailppi. e Andes, in the interior of albeit upon the head w* il if mail list upon ll IWO pieces uf drift, taken s of their rivers, and ol lhe npiy, will each, obeying nid sei of the current*, be bul reached lhe sugar producing latitude, where il expands oul upon the Gull of Mexico. The Amazon lakes up the list where Ihe Mississippi leaves il; and com-mencing wilh sugar, il yields in great profusion, and of fine quality, coffee, cochineal, cocoa, col- Ion, tubaeco, hemp, indigo, India-rubber, wax. gums, drugs ami rosins. Wilh cabinet-woods and dye-stuffs of great beauty and of infinite va-riety, this splendid river basin completes the commercial round by the addition lo lhe above lisi of many Other articles from the field, th- lor-es!, and lhe mine, of rare value or greal worth. In the commercial circle, these two river barins are the supplements of each oilier—what one lacks, the oilier one has lo spare. The foundations of commerce rest upon diver-sity of climates; for without diversity of climale there can he no diversity of productions, and consequently no variety of produce, which be-gets barter, and thus gives rise lo commerce. rope, extending from -.be j to further lo lhe South I of the world can never reach the greal interior of their yeomanry lo make sailor* ofj bill we have South America. Naturally, Ihe whole of lhal never yet heard of young men, in any considera-ip between lhe ble numbers, forsaking their home* in the teem- I'.,eiitc Ocean, ing valley ol the Mississippi, fur lhe dangers; slopes down lhe Atlantic. It is tributary to the the hardships, and lhe scaui fare of the common Atlantic, and into the Atlantic it is destined lo sailor at sea. pour iis commerce. The country drained by the i And neither will the immigrant or hi* ion for- Amazon anil the La Plata embraces an area larger *a*e the mild climate and kind soil of Ihe Aina-ih. ni lhe continent of Europe. The navigation '-"" 'or the sea. American merchant*. Ameri-of those streams would divert a large pomou of the Cape Horn trade, and throw il at our feel; for we perceive, from ibesiatemenisalreaily made, thai, on account of lhe winds and currents uf the sea, ihe mouth of lhe Amazon is in close physical connection with our Southern ports—and to make thai connection one of business, profit, and friend-ship, we have but lo devise a plan which, by en-couraging commerce and navigation there, shall, can ships, and American sailors will therefore bo the chiel competitors for the fetching and carry-ing of all thai trade to which, in prueess of lime, IWO or three hundred millions of people in the valley of the Amazon, and which il ia capable of siisuuning, will give rise. The commercial future of lhat valley i* the most magnificent in the world. it belongs mostly to Brazil, and trade wilh Brazil is already greater iljnh JTOWilh any olh- The Continent ol E Polar Basin, reaches . than the parallel of 38 I ly none of the climate! \ between 30 deg : be found in Em eg. Nonb ; lue any of rlh and the Eql ; anil if nol the gatew Ifl ayofoi nfi win r own M d from III Sontl ITS 1 root Allierli flbe Ai lhe Ko a, h laZl •kv e set o. an Moo North Aider if the Mi so. ri. did e. heaa o r*| reseiil 1 rrenl lea* i do win i i cv ei be f. ree of tl e wmils a la inly nut lliu productions. ' Now, it is a fan in physic; is worthy of re murk in thin t the Continent of Kuropc ends latitude begin llifl river basins eoMequeni-ihc parallel! alor, are in 'limatcs, cer- I with lhe concurrence of (he oilier powers con-i eerned, give an impulse also (u the scltleitienl of er country whatever, execplinfouly England anil | lhal valley, ami WCUM to our inereliaiilt. lhe right France. , , of trade up and down ihat river on fair and libtr-! From the United Slates to lhe Km, the voy-r. tl terms. ! age is long and uncertain, and our merchant! are Hearing in mind, therefore, all these things, and falling into ihe habit of conducting their. Urazil-taking mil) coiiMileralion the geographical posi- 1 iau correspondence through England. There ia lion ol that riwr bwfo« and our climale with re- a monthly lino of steamers thence to Kio ; ita lime yard to iis oulleU—eooMderiog its climates, its ol going is 29 or 30 flays ; the average aailiue soils, its resources, and lls eapahililies; lhat lhe passage from New York lo l.in is jroa. 40 lo fiO I geography, and mnerlion : where at lhal degree of >f lull.., which, Hither loir be railed PXle,,,1'nr? fr,,n> (l'c parallel ol 36 deg. Norlh I , in '.he interior ol head waleif* : b'uad occin lluough the 1'lor- A-our immediate constituents, we address cs wilh die full confidence of meeting a response lo our suggestions. NOW t lor acti To nursel heart? ihe lime action. Every section ol the conn try around you is in motion. We know thai you are fully alive to the importance of the oc-casion, and lhal yon are ready lo do your part. You possess |he fines, elimale III the world.— Yuur hills are lull or every species of valuable mineral, from iron, lo lhe precious metals. You have water power enough lo build up a LoWBU, in every County. Your soil, even lo the sum-mits ol your highest mouniains. ia ofgreat fertil-ity, li arows every product of the tempeieie zone. Only one thing is needed lo make yours the most desirable country on earth* lhe Baeens Ol tranoportb| rapidly and ebeuply your products to market. Without ibis, there is no stimulus lo exertion ; the mechanic arts cannot flourish : manufaolorif* cannol spring up and subsist; the larmrr can get no aelaqnati reenmpenee (or his labor, education and rei'mum ot will BOlne diffu-sed abroad. Wilhuul this.our land will be u.er-drifietl oul un th ida pass. 1 he prevailing winds at the moulh of lhe mazon are the S. K. trade winds, and no \essel coming out of the mould ol that ver can stand lo lhe Southward, tin account i die winds and currents, both of which are directly in the teeth ol all sailing vessels that attempt lo steer such courses. I'.iSMing a few leagues to the North, lhe out-ward bound Amazonian iheu enters lhe region of lhe .V Ba trade winds, which compel her, unless she be bound into the t'arnliran Sea, In stretch oiTio lhe Northward and (Vent-yard until she has passed through lhe region of the N. E. trades. .10,1 . Norlh own e Not ■met <>>■ last, v. t ■ fro de J ny ■ he whic iis is ll the aneir til Ihi parallel i h lime she the course l M bud of a hell . lo il Ihi di*. of 30 dec » herself oil' our II vessels under cr thev be bound ndia.'or to Afri- I'acific around o ■a Kio or : o, in ma Bran rkei* Cape Horn, or to the commercial marls of Eu-rope. He their destination u hat il may, unless along the Spanish main, or through lhe Carribe-an Kea, they must first steer Norlh lo cross the belt of N. E, trades, and m doing so they must pass hy our own doors. Tin-n lore, lor lhe peaceful and praelieal pur-poses of commerce and navigation, there U hot one high way from the iimuih •■('the Amazon. On that highway, lhe BoDlharn Atlantic ports of the United Stone occupy the position of h.ilf-way houaee en the grant market way that fa some day anted lo lhe Sennas, by Mr. Hunter, of Vir-ginia, on the ruth ol Ma\ down into the intertropical regions of this lienns J phere, hjve enriched wilh iheir produce and their commerce every naiion ol Europe lhat has ever ventured abroad with her merchantmen in search of it. Aud why? Simply because lhe latitudes, and lha climates, and consequently ihe produeiions of India, were nol to be found iii Eu-rope ; and the Europeans wanting them, Motto India for them. In like manner the people ol India wanted lhe productions of Europe. Hence barter and lhe Inundation of all commerce mav be referred to ilill'erenee of latitude and climate. Bul to exchange ihe produce and ihe merehan-dise of lhe North frigid and Norlh temperate for the North torrid zone, ihe European had to en- ; counter a tedious aud dangerous navigation, and he bad, withal, to compass such a distance, that the time taken for his veuual to go and to come once, occupied the full year. On the other hand, we have at our very doors, this greal valley of Ihe Amazon, wilh all, and more than all, in Ihe climates aud soils ami agri-cultural capabilities of India twice told. The distance, under modem improvements of navigation, from our Southern purls to the moulh nf the Amazon, is nol as many days as India used to be in mouths from Europe. The valley of the Mississippi extends, accor-ding lo the compulation of physical geographers, over an area ol 1182.000 square miles of the Am-zon and iis continents, with lhe Orinoco as one of them, embraces lhe vast area more than Iwice over. The greal Amazonian Valley is said, by the same authority lo cover an area ol upwards of two millions ol square miles in extent. Tho Mississippi Kiver is computed lo-ifloida littoral navigation id' 19.000 miles in length : some . put it down as high as 20,000. Itut (be AmaStifl and iftj tnajeetie tributaries wind ihvnugb an in-tend navigation tu smh an extent lhat, if stretch-ed out in CIH' line, its length would be enough to euairele ihe earth three times, ft is set don n si high as 80,000 miles. The I .J to loundahoiis of its prosperity arc lo real00 a libe ral commercial policy, and thai iis induslnal pur-suits musl receive a lone, character, and direction from those Who Conduct thai commerce,—cousi-deling lhal it is the policy ol lhe United Slates 10 cultivate the relatione of peace with all nations through the bonds ol mutual interest and good will—ct-ustdcring, al«o, lhal ihis river basin is lor lhe most part a wilderness, and lhal il is, there-fore, like wax lo receive impression from com-merce— considering, loo* lhal lhe laws of llrazil touching immigration into lhal * alley are said lo be of the most liberal character—considering, moieo.er, the'olc-ation of ihose laws, and ihe classes of people who are allfad) there ;—consi-dering all these things, lei it be repeated, \ nur memorialist is deeply impressed wub lhe impor-tance of the subject, lie beholds in it a question of immense magnitude. The quesliou of navi-gation aud Bommeree with ihe Amazon, and up ihe Amazon—lhe greaiesl river and the most fer-liie river basin in the world—is lhe greatest com-mercial question of Uie day. The bearing and ihe iaflueneee of such a ques-tion upon lhe future welUheing and prosperity of ihis couuliv. cannot, for iheir scope and extent, be laken in, unless b\ the mosi expanded view oflhc mosl far*aighted statesmanship. Your memorialist, therefore, pr.i>s for such constitutional ami rightful legislation on lhe part ol your honorable bodies as shall lend to encour-age commerce aud navigation wilh that magni-ficent water shed. Among the collateral results incident lo a judcious course of legislation now upon such a subject, may be counted, nnuMf or later, a tide of immigration there, lollowed by settlement and tillage, which, in turn, v* ill lead lo Hie development of the boundless commercial resources of that uuparalelled region, and lo lhe establishment of those business lies, social rela- i pnrtan lions, and happy connections which active com- And merce and frequent inicicourse never fail lo begei belucen nations. Imagine an immigrant-—a poor laboring man be me) be—to arrive Iroui the interior of Europe* as a settler in lhe valley nf the Amazon. W licre he was, bis labor could but support himself in ihe mo»t frugal manner, and then be ««» no ena-lOHM r of ours. ltul i wilh a teeming sod ebd li M ble hiieboudryi and wl in eefoi is said io be eno w:.b plenty he works With his wonted dilige da\ s. Hence it is more convenient for the busi-ness man lo send his letters via England. Now, ihere is a line of steamers from Para, at the moulh of ihe Amazon, lo Kio. A line from Norfolk to Pnra, equalling in speed thq CuJIine line to Liverpool, would make the passage iu eigbl or ten days. At l!ie same rale, the dis-tance lo Kio might be accomplished in another wtek or ten days, thus bringing lhat great com-mercial mart of South America within tweniy. instead of forty days, of our business men. All the lines ol ocean mail steamers lhal have yet been directly encouraged by the ITniled Slates Government on the waters of the Allauu'c, have iheir terminus in New York. Your mcmoraliai is opposed m.reql.rali^tran.l and therefore for ibis, as vvell as for oilier reas-ons, prays that Norfolk or Charleston, or some oilier Souiheri, Atlantic port, may he made the terminus of a line ol United Slates mail s:eam*> ships to Parti touching at I'orta Kio and such other West India inlands as may be agreed upon. Another reason why ihe preference m ilus en-terprise should be given lo a $ouihern [port, ia ia ihe distance, lor the Southern ports are nearer than ihose of the North, to the moulh of the Am* anon* And to ask that these steamers.shoulul pass by Southern poris with Souih American correspondence, to be landed at the Nurili and sen: back through ihe mnijs to ihe South, would seem hqlh unfair aud unreasonable to your we-moralisl. . Moreover, he has ventured lospecify only one of a series of measures which it may be necessa-, ry to adopt, in niiler to develope, for lhe benefit of American navigation, lhe greal commercial Health of ihe Amazon. He c,onten|s himself wilh sperilying ihis ope, because, in his judg-ment, it is highly expedient and of pressing itu-i Hi duly bound, Ac, M. F. MAUfttf. Ins new hou ne elm n the labor gh to crown IN where* wponding >t one day 1.1.- board /■oreitcn I'mi^ration to .Xitp Vur/c City for Mail,—During ihe last IIHUIIII, :tU,3?0 i migrants arrived at the port ol N»-vV ^ orl. which is an in-crease of 4138 on the amount of emigraiion for the month pmviooe.uud 2838 more than* arrived during ihe corresponding period of l*)SI jear. The Dumber ol emigreaM Irom Germany fur last month exceeds lhal irom wy tuber country, bw. ing 13,0.98, while from Ireland it is 12,87*.
Object Description
Title | The Greensborough patriot [July 3, 1852] |
Date | 1852-07-03 |
Editor(s) |
Swaim, Lyndon Sherwood, M.S. |
Subject headings | Greensboro (N.C.)--Newspapers |
Place | Greensboro (N.C.) |
Description | The July 3, 1852, issue of The Greensborough Patriot, a newspaper published in Greensboro, N.C., by Swaim and Sherwood. |
Type | Text |
Original format | Newspapers |
Original publisher | Greensborough, N.C. : Swaim and Sherwood |
Language | eng |
Contributing institution | UNCG University Libraries |
Newspaper name | The Greensborough Patriot |
Rights statement | http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ |
Additional rights information | NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES. This item has been determined to be free of copyright restrictions in the United States. The user is responsible for determining actual copyright status for any reuse of the material. |
Object ID | patriot-1852-07-03 |
Digital publisher | The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, University Libraries, PO Box 26170, Greensboro NC 27402-6170, 336.334.5304 |
Digitized by | Creekside Digital |
Sponsor | Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation |
OCLC number | 871562030 |
Page/Item Description
Title | Page 1 |
Full text | rctttsborongh ffatriot VOL. XIV. GREENSBOROUGII, N.C., JULY 3, 1852. NO. 085; PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT SWAIM AND SHERWOOD. Price $2-10 a year: OR THRU DOLLARS, IF NOT PAID WITHIN ON It MONTH AfTER THE DATE OF THE SUBSCRIPTION. ADVERTISING RATKS. One dollar per square (fifteen lines) for the hut week, and twenty-rive.cents for every week there-ffter. Deductions mado in favor of standing adver-tements as follows: Thru months. Six months. One year Onesqoare, M.60 MJO M.00 Two squares, 7.00 10.00 14.00 Three " Ucol.) 10.00 15.00 21)00 Half column, 18.00 25.00 35.00 ADDRESS. To the People ofNorth Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. A large nuinhnr of the ciiijens of the counties of Burke, McDowell, Rutherford, Henderson, Haywood. Buncombe, and Madison, assembled in convention al this place on the 31st ult., to coniull and deliberate upon the proper schemes ol Internal Improvement, to develop the un-laid resources of western North Carolina. Af-ter a free interchange of opinions, and a full and thorough discussion, the series of resolutions ap-pended to this address, were unniiiniouslr a-dopted. and the undersigned appointed to address you, and urged vou to put forth, at once, your exertions to a/d in the accomplishment of two enterprises, which will contribute so alien to the advancement of our mutual prosperity. It is known to every ciliirnof the Slate, that the ablest engineers in the United States ; and the reconnoisances made, induce the belief that the former is also practicable. Tho route to be selected should be left to be determined by sur-veys hereafter to be made, by the estimated cost —by the amount ofstock taken upon the different routes, and we shall all cordially unite in support-ing that route which the true interosis of our Slate designate an the proper one lo be adopted. Bui that project in which most of the Counties represented in ihe Convention are more immedi-alelv interested, is the extension of some one of the South Carolina Koadsdown the valley of the French llrnad, lo connect with the Tennessee linads. Tin* is Ihe continuation of thai great scheme of uniting Charleston and Cincinnati, in which we took so lively an interest some years ago, and which is completely within our ability lo accomplish. We feel as deep an inleresl in that project now, as we ever did. We are wil-ling lo contribute lo ii, lo ihe full extent of our means, and we earnestly invite the co-operation of our fellow-citizens of South Carolina and Ten-nessee. They are equally concerned in the en-terprise with ourselves. In addition to iis value lo them as an independent work, it will double Ihe value of their own works now in process of construction. It is the nearest route by which they can be connected ; its practicability, at a reasonable cost, has been clearly demonstrated : it is Ihe route heretofore selected by themselves ; and it is the route upon which ihey can procure ihe greatest amount of*1 malerial aid." Il will he observed that ihe Convention, in pro-posing lo extend the Nnnh Carolina Road lo the Tennessee line, proposes that it shall pass down the valley of the Freneh Broad. The rouie of hoili roads is therefore the same, and our means will all he used, ill common, in accomplishing shadowed by the dark clouds of ignorance and sloth, and all their concomitant vices. You have your own fate in your own hands. It is for you lo determine wnether you will improve the fair heritage which a tieneficenl God has given you, or permit it to fall hack toils original stale nl sav-age barbarity. We have loo much confidence in your intelligence and patriotism lo doubt the re* suit. Asheville, June 3, JOHN G. BYNUM, WM. W. A VERY, JOHN BAXTER. N. W. WOODF1N. JNO. E. PA'ITON, 1882. RESOLUTIONS Resolved, \st. That this Convention most lo lorm the valley of the Amazon to the resl of the world. Thai market way we overlook.— The winds and the waves have placed the keys of it in our hands. Let us not, hy non use, suffer il In fall into the hands of others. If we regard ihe whole comment of America at one view, we observo that in the Equatorial regions it is nearly cut in twain to receive an arm of Ihe sea, skirted on the East by the chain of is-lands, the Great and Little Antilles, which extend from the Peninsula of Florida on the North, lo the in mi ili of the Orinoco on the South ; lhal this land-locked arm of the sea is separated from the Pacific on the West by a narrow neck of conti-nent called " the Isthmus." On the North, this same arm of the sea receives Ihe drainage from' be navigable for vessels of the largest class up to the lool of Ihe Andes. The Pennsylvania 75, ■nay ascend lhal high. And so traversed with navigatile streams and water-courses is the great Atlantic slope of South America, that there are in il no less than 1.S0O miles uf-jjros," or natural rants*, through which il is practicable for vessels to cross from one riv-er over into another. Were this valley settled upon and subdued lo cultivation. •' the Indies," in a commercial sense, would thereby he lifieri up unit placed at nur doors, for all the productions of the East flourish there; and so jealous and afraid of such a result was Portugal, in her day of Easl India posses-sion and commerce, thai hv a roval ordinance il hennily approve ihe propoaed extension of the j ,ne Alabama Rivers; on ihe South, the surplus . "—. ''.. _ .. —r f . I ,u..la« nf ll... K ... .1... II... — IL .. M l_ the valley of ihe Rio Grande, the Mississippi, and ! became unlawful lo cultivate in the great Amazon North Carolina Rail Road, West, lo ihe Temies see line, at the point where Ihe French Broad River passes into lhal Stale, and East Irom Golds-horo' to the Atlantic Ocean, and most earnestly recommend said proposition lo ihe favorable consideration of Ihe people of N. Carolina waters of Ihe Amazon, Ihe Orinoco, the Magd lens, and Alratn, are emptied into il also. This ■heel of sail water may therefore be treated of as an expansion ol the Miaeippi on the Norlh, and of Ihe Amazon on the South. Regarding ihis magrificent marine basin as Resolved, 2d, Thai we consider the extension I •»■■•••«» receptacle, we may search ihe world in vain fir another such tealurc in physical geog-raphy wherewith to compare il. Il is unique. And for its commercial capabilities, it must for-ever remain unsurpassed and unequalled. Il lias a senii-conlinenl on the North, and an-other on the South. When il is seed-lime an one side of Ihis coiiiinental receptacle of agricul-tural and commercial wealth, it is harvest-lime on the oilier. Between the iwo hemispheres. of the North Carolina Hail Road If'ett and East. as indicated, as a projeel in which all ihe people of North Carolina are directly interested, because nf its tendency to promote every other work of internal improvement now completed, or in pro-gress within ihe Slate : And thai a contribution of " malerial aid " hy ihe Slate, towards consum-mating this grand scheme, is imperatively deman-ded hy all classes nf her people Jlesolvedrid, Thai the members of the next «*> *"» opposite seasons, it will have a round Legislature from Ihe counties more immediately \ of crops always in the market. Six months af-interesleil in Ihis subject, are earnestly requested I l0.r "|e ■•? wMlvWr* of the new crop Iron] the to ask from lite next (ieneral Assembly a liberal subscription towards this enterprise ; and Ihe tor the first deliver Norlh, a fresh crop from the South will be in the act of coming forward. eppropri schemes which have been projected, about S4.- 500,000. of which but a mile has been expended \re»t of Salisbury, a region of country excelled by none in ihe State, for the fertility of its soil, the salubrity of its climate, and Ihe extent and Variety of in resources, and comprehending one-fourth of the populalioo of the Slate. Three years ago, the Legislature dircricd $2,000,000 lo be subscribed on the part oflhc State, for the con-struction «( a Rail Road from ihe Wilmington Road at Guldsboro', to the South Carolina Knud ■I Charlotte, traversing the centre of the State, and enabling the people in thai ferliie portion of Norlh Carolina, lo gain access lo ihe Atlantic o-rean, either at Charleston, by way of Wilming-ton, or Norfolk. V«. This great work, appro-priately styled Ihe North Carolina Rail Road, is universally regarded as ihe base upon which all other improvements in the Slate are lo be built. Il is only the beginning of that system, which is, when perlecied, to penetrate every section of the Stale—enrich our farme, bring into existence manufactories, give renewed life and energy to every species of industry, and bind us together as brethren, united in feeling and interest. The true policy of the Slate requires that lhal Road should be extended Easl and West, as in. dieated in the first resolution adopted by the Convention. At Beaufort, the proposed Eastern terminus of the Road, is an inlet and harbor ex-celled by none in the South Atlantic Slates; and nlihoiigh it is not, at present, a place of much commercial importance, the consummation of Ihe project now proposed, will soon build il up. and make il emphatically the Commercial Cily of North Carolina, abundantly able In supply acreat portion of the State with all the commercial fa-cilities her necessities require, lls extension West, through our own region of country, and connecting with the Roads in the great Mississip-pi Valley, opens to us the resources ol that vast region of unrivalled fertility. It is the object ol all Rail Roads commencing in the Atlantic and penetrating into the interior, eventually to cross Ihe mnunliins, reach this great valley.and secure a portion of its trade, lls exhausiless wealth must enrich any road which reaches its borders. The experience of the various companies north ol us who have attained that object by canals or . rail roads, has established this beyond all ques-tion. In every instance where the Great West has been reached, and a means of transit afford-ed for its varied and exhaustless products, pro-sperity has been the uniform result to the com-panies aflnnling the Iransit, lo the country thro' which il passes, and to both extremes. North Carolina will soon have a Road, upon which she will have expended two millions of dollars, con- i pealed wiib another at Raleigh, upon which she has expended another million, and another at. Guldsboro', in which she has stock to the amount I Of •000,000. This connection with ihe West,' would appreciate gieally her interest in all these Roads, would insure their success, and cover our country with all those Llcssiugs resulting from well rewarded industry. That this would be Ihe result, no one can doubt. Il is loo late lo enter into an argument to prove the utility of rail roads ; and we shall not insult your understandings by attempting to demon-strate that which every day's experience and ob-servation establishes as true. Will Norlh Caro-lina be insensible to all these considerations ? Il' becomes no patriotic son of hers lo suppose lhal she will be so wholly regardless of her true in-terests, or thai she will be so unjust lo ihis pnr. lion of the Slate. We have always clteerltilly voted appropriations to build up improvements ! in the East and Centre of the Slate. No section-al jealousy has prevented us from being just lo j thrni. We have been true to the whole Stale ; > anil now when her Roads have progressed to the point where they are accessible to us, we con-fidently appeal to the Legislature to do justice to tis—to promote our interests—to provide for our wants—our necessities, and bind the whole State together by the strong lies of mutual interest. Il will be observed, that Ihe Convention haa not designated the point whence the proposed riMd (hall leave the North Carolina Rnnd. uor wheto il shall cross ihe mountains. Two points hale been suggest! il—Salisbury and Char-loite, ami two gaps proposed the Swannanoa anil Kcedy Paleli. The Inter has been ascertained tu ho entirely practicable by actual Nlfvey, hj illc Road, can be extended, whichever wi iribuie n.osl lo the enterprise, or whichever one it will be mi.-i to our mutual interests tu select. These Iwo projects being united, the Slate ol N. Carolina would be bound by every consideration of justice, to give the most ample aiil in budding the Road from the juiiciion to the Tennessee Roads, and although the completion of the plan may he beyond the reach of individual means, with the strong arm oflhc Slate to lean upon, ev-ery obstacle would vanish from before us. But is it beyond our united individual means? The link to he supplied between Sparianhurg or Greenville, and the Tennessee Road, 00 miles a hove Knnxvillc, is bandy 120 uiiles. The coon try through which il passes is mountainous, il is true, but throughout the whole route, labor and provisions areahundant and cheap, am] it is con-fidently believed thai in no portion nf the United Slates could a Rail Road be built at less cost.— The cosl of this Road has once been accurately estimated. The Committee have not had it in iheir power lo gain access to these estimates, but it is believed that at the present lime, in conse-quence of the greal improvements in building Rail Roads, and the cheapness of iron, upon a revisal of them, they would be reduced one half. Surely the building of ihis Road—ibis short link in ihe great Charleston anil Cincinnati enterprise, is within the meant of the City of Charleston a-lone. Certainly she will not be so blind lo her interests as to permit a project to ilie, calculated lo exercise perilv. But wc ; of our meai the Road si ilv Patch ( raised by in State. Th lance of Ihi trlbuleil lib South Carolina some future d we will ask the next Legislature ol North Caro- every ,leP » changes its latitude; with its cli Una to grant a libeal charter to ellecl lhal object, ma,<:* lhe productions on its hanks are also rjhan and will personally give such " malerial aid " as a measure so important to our interest demands: /'rovided, that in granting such charter. North Carolina shall reserve to herself the righl lo con-nect her North Carolina Rail Road therewith ged. Consequently, lhe trader, as he descend the Mississippi, beholds at every turn, some new article of produce—somu fresh variety ol mer-chandise offering for commerce. And by the time he crosses the Tropic of Cancer, and bounds basin a single drug, spice, or plant of East India growth or production. The Rephhlics of Ecuador, Peru anil Bolivia have large and rich provinces upon the head nav-igable waters of lhe Amazon, so thai the free nav-igation of thai river, or an exchange with Brazil, and lhe oilier powers concerned, or the free nav-igation nf the Mississippi for lhal of the Amazon and its tributaries, would, at mice, and without more ado, give rise lo a considerable commerce. As to ■!>■ prospective value and importance, it is useless to speculate. The navigation of the Amazon would divert from the Pacific coasts of those Republics, a val-uable portion of that trade which now goes around Cape Horn, and reaches ihis Amazonian water-shed by transportation on lhe hacks of sheep and asses across the summits of the Andes. A remarkable feature in the profile of the South American coasl-line, is its waul of arlicuhnion. The shore-line ol lhal part of t'1!' world is al- I'he Mississippi! niosl as still'and rigid as the three sides eft righl- 1 angled triangle, winch il resembles. It is with-out any considerable indenlation ; and nowhere among the Southern continents do we find Ihe jotiing promontories and peninsulas, or ihose en-circling arms and gulfs of lhe sea, which in lhe Northern hemisphere so increase the length of shore-line and give that articulation to lhe con-tinental profiles which enables ships, as in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea. die Oulf of Mexico, about the Peninsula of India, and lhe Northern seas of Europe, lo sal) up into lhe interior, and penetrate with commerce the very heart of coun-tries, that, hut for such indenlation of shore-lute would be thousands of miles from Ihe sea aud us commerce. in the event site will not extend the same lo lhe oul '"rough Ihe commercial mouth of ihis river Tennessee line. "I"" ''"' l'll,r waters of the Atlantic Ocean, he Unsolved, 5/A, That a Committee of five be wl" have crossed the climale and the region for appointed to prep N. Carolina, and vital an influence upon her pro re trilling to contribute to lhe extent s, and wc confidently believe lhal if nuld cross at the Swannanoa or Rec-aps, from SHOO lo 9500.000 can he lividual suburiplloua within our own • whole people are alive to the impor-i work. They have heretofore eon* rally to lhe building of Rail Road) in with the expectation that at some of them would he exten-ded to her bonier*, Not one of the Roads in 8, Carolina north ol Columbia, has failed to receive liberal assistance in North Carolina. The Char-lotte Rnadalooa penetrate*, her territory. Have we not, lien, a righl to call upon nur South Car-olina brethren, lo extend mm* one nflheir Road* through that Mttion of North Carolina whirr thru Imve obtained assistance lo build their /toads.' Will South Carolina turn from her friends, alter h in lime of need, sources, crippled construction of Ihi he i xlcixled to us mg tailed herself of tin leave them lo their 01 s they arc, by aiding very Rnads we now Is she willing lo thr ir aid u re-n the iik to >vv a-iinporlaiit resolutions re an address to lhe people of Tennessee, in relation to the subject* referred lo in the foregoing At best, trading vessels by sea can but fringe with commerce lhe outskirts of South America, fur its shore-line, as already mentioned, is with-out iiivlenialion. As yet the heart of lhal coun-try has never been touched ; and unless us magni-ficent rivers ami majestic sheets of fresh water be pened to navigation, lhe commercial enterprii THE RIVER AMAZON AND AMER-ICAN COMMERCE. MEMORIAL Ol* LIEL'T. MAI'RV, OF THE U. *. NAVY. agricultural staple, and ranged through all lhe capacities of field and forest in the Northern hemisphere, from barley, furs and peltries, down to the list of tropical productions. The Amazon, on the other hand, runs Easl and its navigable tributaries, flowing both from the Norlh and the South push lhe inletlroptcal j ^.^i™" u,7narrow "s'l varte.ies from field and lorest, far down toward. | ,ummjl „f „,„ ',,,„,,., an(1 ,h, lhe Circle ol Capricorn, in the other hcmisphcn The Mississppi ha and out of his abundance lio ha* wlierewiili.il of his produce—coffee, it may be, or drug* or spice* or gums cocoa, or rice, lobacco. o' some other of Ihe greal staples of that valley ; but be what il may, he has enough lo give largely in exchange with us for all lhe manufactured article*, whether ol fancy, necessity or luxury, lhat he craves the most. In lhe long list of what lha immigrant Ihere will require of us, may be included lhal greal assortment of goods known a* '• Yankee nolninsi" also pickled beer and port, ham* anil flour, butter, lard, and Ihe like, fur Ihe climate of lhe Amazon is not favorable lo the production and alowage of any of those things. 11 i* peculi-arly unfavorable lo Ihe curing of meal* and the griodmgof flour; it i* also unfavorable lor all in door occupations. And in the settling up ol lhe Amazon,considering that New York and Boston arc but eighteen or Iwenly days, under canvas, from lhe tumuli nf lhal river—considering that ihe winds are fair for going and free for coming, and lhe Atlantic ports ol the United State* are the only market placea for which ihe winda are thus propitious—considering all lhe physical ad-vantages which we thus enjoy, and regarding this immigrant as the type of a class—it may be ex-pected, whenever lhe tide of an immigration, guided and sustained by American enterprise and energy, shall begin to ael toward* lhat valley, lhal New York and Huston, wilh lhe manufac-turing State*, will have lo supply those people wilh every article of lhe I.mm or Ihe shop, from the axe and thu hue up to gala dresses and river sieainer*. The man, therefore, who, in his native Europe; could mil buy a cent'* wurlh of American pro-duce, simply by being transferred as a aclller in the valley of the Amazon, becomes at once a producer, and one of Ihe best customer* lo X-merican merchants lhal it is possible for a coiii-mercisl people to have ; and Europe is ready, a* soon us American commerce, barked by Ameri-can energy, shall givo lhe world tangible evidence of the riche* and reauurcca of lhal country, to-pour fuith it* horde* into it. Nol only «o would iis settlement enrich us, bul in other respects also ii would add to national greatness and prosperity ; for il may be act down as an axc>m in political economy, a* true a* ia the Catholic proposition of geometry, lhat in or-der lhal communities of men may forsake lhe land, lake lo lhe sea, use il, anil become seamen; il musl be easier lo earn a living ai sea than oil lhe land belonging to such communities. Hence we find the severe rlimm-s and barren •oils of lhe Norlh sending fuhh their young men HI crowds down lo the sea for a living; but nev-er have men been known to lorsake cheap lurid*, rich soils, and fine climaies for the sea life. The valley of lhe Kennehec and the Merriinae, and the shores ol Cape Cod may send forth of To the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress assembled,respectful/)/showeth •:— Thai he has for a number of years been en-gaged wilh investigations concerning the winds and currents of the sea, particularly as ll regards their bearings upon commerce and navigation. e investigations, many have been suggested, faring upon some of the your memorialist be pardoned lor hie body sonic uf which he has been way the valuable trade and intercourse hill had with this section ol Norlh Carolina ? Un-less she is willing to do so, il behooves her to act, anil lhal promptly. The spiril of Improve-ment is ■broad in our land, and our people nre tleteimined to act speedily. Our natural place of trade is Charleston, and we invite, earnestly invite our South Carolina brethren to assisi us in providing a Road to reach iheni with our pro-duels. There we are desirous of going. Cir-cumstances, ana a due regard tor our own inter-ests, may, however, foice our trade into other channels, which though not so natural, may even lually become more beneficial. In the course of lie fuels and considerations which have * practical b great interest! of state, and hopes, therefore, lhat he may spreading before your honor* lhe results ami conclusions tu led. (In account of the currents which flow through, and lhe wi da which blow over Ihe Calf ofMex-ico, the Gulf ul'Mexico is, for many of the prac-tical purposes of coiumirce anil navigation, a closed SIM. Hence commeieial men and navi-gators have maintained lhal the real outlet ol ihe Mississippi River to tin' ocean is nol at Balize, but in the Straits of Florida. Similar agents have placed the commercial mouth of the Auwz in, not where dial river emp-ties into the ocean, which is under lhe Equator, but they have removed it far up into the Northern Hemisphere, anil placed il near lhe commercial "iniailppi. e Andes, in the interior of albeit upon the head w* il if mail list upon ll IWO pieces uf drift, taken s of their rivers, and ol lhe npiy, will each, obeying nid sei of the current*, be bul reached lhe sugar producing latitude, where il expands oul upon the Gull of Mexico. The Amazon lakes up the list where Ihe Mississippi leaves il; and com-mencing wilh sugar, il yields in great profusion, and of fine quality, coffee, cochineal, cocoa, col- Ion, tubaeco, hemp, indigo, India-rubber, wax. gums, drugs ami rosins. Wilh cabinet-woods and dye-stuffs of great beauty and of infinite va-riety, this splendid river basin completes the commercial round by the addition lo lhe above lisi of many Other articles from the field, th- lor-es!, and lhe mine, of rare value or greal worth. In the commercial circle, these two river barins are the supplements of each oilier—what one lacks, the oilier one has lo spare. The foundations of commerce rest upon diver-sity of climates; for without diversity of climale there can he no diversity of productions, and consequently no variety of produce, which be-gets barter, and thus gives rise lo commerce. rope, extending from -.be j to further lo lhe South I of the world can never reach the greal interior of their yeomanry lo make sailor* ofj bill we have South America. Naturally, Ihe whole of lhal never yet heard of young men, in any considera-ip between lhe ble numbers, forsaking their home* in the teem- I'.,eiitc Ocean, ing valley ol the Mississippi, fur lhe dangers; slopes down lhe Atlantic. It is tributary to the the hardships, and lhe scaui fare of the common Atlantic, and into the Atlantic it is destined lo sailor at sea. pour iis commerce. The country drained by the i And neither will the immigrant or hi* ion for- Amazon anil the La Plata embraces an area larger *a*e the mild climate and kind soil of Ihe Aina-ih. ni lhe continent of Europe. The navigation '-"" 'or the sea. American merchant*. Ameri-of those streams would divert a large pomou of the Cape Horn trade, and throw il at our feel; for we perceive, from ibesiatemenisalreaily made, thai, on account of lhe winds and currents uf the sea, ihe mouth of lhe Amazon is in close physical connection with our Southern ports—and to make thai connection one of business, profit, and friend-ship, we have but lo devise a plan which, by en-couraging commerce and navigation there, shall, can ships, and American sailors will therefore bo the chiel competitors for the fetching and carry-ing of all thai trade to which, in prueess of lime, IWO or three hundred millions of people in the valley of the Amazon, and which il ia capable of siisuuning, will give rise. The commercial future of lhat valley i* the most magnificent in the world. it belongs mostly to Brazil, and trade wilh Brazil is already greater iljnh JTOWilh any olh- The Continent ol E Polar Basin, reaches . than the parallel of 38 I ly none of the climate! \ between 30 deg : be found in Em eg. Nonb ; lue any of rlh and the Eql ; anil if nol the gatew Ifl ayofoi nfi win r own M d from III Sontl ITS 1 root Allierli flbe Ai lhe Ko a, h laZl •kv e set o. an Moo North Aider if the Mi so. ri. did e. heaa o r*| reseiil 1 rrenl lea* i do win i i cv ei be f. ree of tl e wmils a la inly nut lliu productions. ' Now, it is a fan in physic; is worthy of re murk in thin t the Continent of Kuropc ends latitude begin llifl river basins eoMequeni-ihc parallel! alor, are in 'limatcs, cer- I with lhe concurrence of (he oilier powers con-i eerned, give an impulse also (u the scltleitienl of er country whatever, execplinfouly England anil | lhal valley, ami WCUM to our inereliaiilt. lhe right France. , , of trade up and down ihat river on fair and libtr-! From the United Slates to lhe Km, the voy-r. tl terms. ! age is long and uncertain, and our merchant! are Hearing in mind, therefore, all these things, and falling into ihe habit of conducting their. Urazil-taking mil) coiiMileralion the geographical posi- 1 iau correspondence through England. There ia lion ol that riwr bwfo« and our climale with re- a monthly lino of steamers thence to Kio ; ita lime yard to iis oulleU—eooMderiog its climates, its ol going is 29 or 30 flays ; the average aailiue soils, its resources, and lls eapahililies; lhat lhe passage from New York lo l.in is jroa. 40 lo fiO I geography, and mnerlion : where at lhal degree of >f lull.., which, Hither loir be railed PXle,,,1'nr? fr,,n> (l'c parallel ol 36 deg. Norlh I , in '.he interior ol head waleif* : b'uad occin lluough the 1'lor- A-our immediate constituents, we address cs wilh die full confidence of meeting a response lo our suggestions. NOW t lor acti To nursel heart? ihe lime action. Every section ol the conn try around you is in motion. We know thai you are fully alive to the importance of the oc-casion, and lhal yon are ready lo do your part. You possess |he fines, elimale III the world.— Yuur hills are lull or every species of valuable mineral, from iron, lo lhe precious metals. You have water power enough lo build up a LoWBU, in every County. Your soil, even lo the sum-mits ol your highest mouniains. ia ofgreat fertil-ity, li arows every product of the tempeieie zone. Only one thing is needed lo make yours the most desirable country on earth* lhe Baeens Ol tranoportb| rapidly and ebeuply your products to market. Without ibis, there is no stimulus lo exertion ; the mechanic arts cannot flourish : manufaolorif* cannol spring up and subsist; the larmrr can get no aelaqnati reenmpenee (or his labor, education and rei'mum ot will BOlne diffu-sed abroad. Wilhuul this.our land will be u.er-drifietl oul un th ida pass. 1 he prevailing winds at the moulh of lhe mazon are the S. K. trade winds, and no \essel coming out of the mould ol that ver can stand lo lhe Southward, tin account i die winds and currents, both of which are directly in the teeth ol all sailing vessels that attempt lo steer such courses. I'.iSMing a few leagues to the North, lhe out-ward bound Amazonian iheu enters lhe region of lhe .V Ba trade winds, which compel her, unless she be bound into the t'arnliran Sea, In stretch oiTio lhe Northward and (Vent-yard until she has passed through lhe region of the N. E. trades. .10,1 . Norlh own e Not ■met <>>■ last, v. t ■ fro de J ny ■ he whic iis is ll the aneir til Ihi parallel i h lime she the course l M bud of a hell . lo il Ihi di*. of 30 dec » herself oil' our II vessels under cr thev be bound ndia.'or to Afri- I'acific around o ■a Kio or : o, in ma Bran rkei* Cape Horn, or to the commercial marls of Eu-rope. He their destination u hat il may, unless along the Spanish main, or through lhe Carribe-an Kea, they must first steer Norlh lo cross the belt of N. E, trades, and m doing so they must pass hy our own doors. Tin-n lore, lor lhe peaceful and praelieal pur-poses of commerce and navigation, there U hot one high way from the iimuih •■('the Amazon. On that highway, lhe BoDlharn Atlantic ports of the United Stone occupy the position of h.ilf-way houaee en the grant market way that fa some day anted lo lhe Sennas, by Mr. Hunter, of Vir-ginia, on the ruth ol Ma\ down into the intertropical regions of this lienns J phere, hjve enriched wilh iheir produce and their commerce every naiion ol Europe lhat has ever ventured abroad with her merchantmen in search of it. Aud why? Simply because lhe latitudes, and lha climates, and consequently ihe produeiions of India, were nol to be found iii Eu-rope ; and the Europeans wanting them, Motto India for them. In like manner the people ol India wanted lhe productions of Europe. Hence barter and lhe Inundation of all commerce mav be referred to ilill'erenee of latitude and climate. Bul to exchange ihe produce and ihe merehan-dise of lhe North frigid and Norlh temperate for the North torrid zone, ihe European had to en- ; counter a tedious aud dangerous navigation, and he bad, withal, to compass such a distance, that the time taken for his veuual to go and to come once, occupied the full year. On the other hand, we have at our very doors, this greal valley of Ihe Amazon, wilh all, and more than all, in Ihe climates aud soils ami agri-cultural capabilities of India twice told. The distance, under modem improvements of navigation, from our Southern purls to the moulh nf the Amazon, is nol as many days as India used to be in mouths from Europe. The valley of the Mississippi extends, accor-ding lo the compulation of physical geographers, over an area ol 1182.000 square miles of the Am-zon and iis continents, with lhe Orinoco as one of them, embraces lhe vast area more than Iwice over. The greal Amazonian Valley is said, by the same authority lo cover an area ol upwards of two millions ol square miles in extent. Tho Mississippi Kiver is computed lo-ifloida littoral navigation id' 19.000 miles in length : some . put it down as high as 20,000. Itut (be AmaStifl and iftj tnajeetie tributaries wind ihvnugb an in-tend navigation tu smh an extent lhat, if stretch-ed out in CIH' line, its length would be enough to euairele ihe earth three times, ft is set don n si high as 80,000 miles. The I .J to loundahoiis of its prosperity arc lo real00 a libe ral commercial policy, and thai iis induslnal pur-suits musl receive a lone, character, and direction from those Who Conduct thai commerce,—cousi-deling lhal it is the policy ol lhe United Slates 10 cultivate the relatione of peace with all nations through the bonds ol mutual interest and good will—ct-ustdcring, al«o, lhal ihis river basin is lor lhe most part a wilderness, and lhal il is, there-fore, like wax lo receive impression from com-merce— considering, loo* lhal lhe laws of llrazil touching immigration into lhal * alley are said lo be of the most liberal character—considering, moieo.er, the'olc-ation of ihose laws, and ihe classes of people who are allfad) there ;—consi-dering all these things, lei it be repeated, \ nur memorialist is deeply impressed wub lhe impor-tance of the subject, lie beholds in it a question of immense magnitude. The quesliou of navi-gation aud Bommeree with ihe Amazon, and up ihe Amazon—lhe greaiesl river and the most fer-liie river basin in the world—is lhe greatest com-mercial question of Uie day. The bearing and ihe iaflueneee of such a ques-tion upon lhe future welUheing and prosperity of ihis couuliv. cannot, for iheir scope and extent, be laken in, unless b\ the mosi expanded view oflhc mosl far*aighted statesmanship. Your memorialist, therefore, pr.i>s for such constitutional ami rightful legislation on lhe part ol your honorable bodies as shall lend to encour-age commerce aud navigation wilh that magni-ficent water shed. Among the collateral results incident lo a judcious course of legislation now upon such a subject, may be counted, nnuMf or later, a tide of immigration there, lollowed by settlement and tillage, which, in turn, v* ill lead lo Hie development of the boundless commercial resources of that uuparalelled region, and lo lhe establishment of those business lies, social rela- i pnrtan lions, and happy connections which active com- And merce and frequent inicicourse never fail lo begei belucen nations. Imagine an immigrant-—a poor laboring man be me) be—to arrive Iroui the interior of Europe* as a settler in lhe valley nf the Amazon. W licre he was, bis labor could but support himself in ihe mo»t frugal manner, and then be ««» no ena-lOHM r of ours. ltul i wilh a teeming sod ebd li M ble hiieboudryi and wl in eefoi is said io be eno w:.b plenty he works With his wonted dilige da\ s. Hence it is more convenient for the busi-ness man lo send his letters via England. Now, ihere is a line of steamers from Para, at the moulh of ihe Amazon, lo Kio. A line from Norfolk to Pnra, equalling in speed thq CuJIine line to Liverpool, would make the passage iu eigbl or ten days. At l!ie same rale, the dis-tance lo Kio might be accomplished in another wtek or ten days, thus bringing lhat great com-mercial mart of South America within tweniy. instead of forty days, of our business men. All the lines ol ocean mail steamers lhal have yet been directly encouraged by the ITniled Slates Government on the waters of the Allauu'c, have iheir terminus in New York. Your mcmoraliai is opposed m.reql.rali^tran.l and therefore for ibis, as vvell as for oilier reas-ons, prays that Norfolk or Charleston, or some oilier Souiheri, Atlantic port, may he made the terminus of a line ol United Slates mail s:eam*> ships to Parti touching at I'orta Kio and such other West India inlands as may be agreed upon. Another reason why ihe preference m ilus en-terprise should be given lo a $ouihern [port, ia ia ihe distance, lor the Southern ports are nearer than ihose of the North, to the moulh of the Am* anon* And to ask that these steamers.shoulul pass by Southern poris with Souih American correspondence, to be landed at the Nurili and sen: back through ihe mnijs to ihe South, would seem hqlh unfair aud unreasonable to your we-moralisl. . Moreover, he has ventured lospecify only one of a series of measures which it may be necessa-, ry to adopt, in niiler to develope, for lhe benefit of American navigation, lhe greal commercial Health of ihe Amazon. He c,onten|s himself wilh sperilying ihis ope, because, in his judg-ment, it is highly expedient and of pressing itu-i Hi duly bound, Ac, M. F. MAUfttf. Ins new hou ne elm n the labor gh to crown IN where* wponding >t one day 1.1.- board /■oreitcn I'mi^ration to .Xitp Vur/c City for Mail,—During ihe last IIHUIIII, :tU,3?0 i migrants arrived at the port ol N»-vV ^ orl. which is an in-crease of 4138 on the amount of emigraiion for the month pmviooe.uud 2838 more than* arrived during ihe corresponding period of l*)SI jear. The Dumber ol emigreaM Irom Germany fur last month exceeds lhal irom wy tuber country, bw. ing 13,0.98, while from Ireland it is 12,87*. |