The Greensborough patriot [July 16, 1858]

              1.
j$f fiwratairogfr Ijairiai
'^H'.IfWDOD & LONG,
EDITORS ANI> 1>ROI'RIETORS.
,-gXS: $2.00 A Y3AR, IN ADVANCE.
I!sit4'« of Advertlslnc
1. !Wt ft* Jnnnre rur '',e "rsl *,'<"k, an.l twenty-f,-
r every week ihereafter. TWELVE mil OR
j.;n|r t «'ju*rp. Deduction mnde in favor of
ipiSf—ttera8 w,ows-
3 MOXTIIS. C MONTHS. 1 TEAR.
S3 50 $5 50 S8 00
... 700 1000 1400
10 IK) 15 00 20 00
if
:c*i"-r--
m*f!.-.f-S.
HISINKSS CARDS.
. f Hi:iM;tl OCK. ATTORNEY AT LA'
l^'ii. S' I, I.. 17. 1858. '.172 tf.
w•itK'S'll *> I'TLEV, COMMISSION AND
r .iv. ...ii.i.r Merchants, Kayetteville, N. C.
.0B& *• und) x
UUREN8BOROCQH, N. C.
n. i. i. HIIX
LEXINGTON, X. C.
lit T. HROWI. ATTORNEY AT LAW.
., !'•••'•% •*1'- ' •• Wl" nii'nil lo nil business em-
I)
|J-.-..| !•• :•:■"'f- March 20. 1858. '.'77 ly.
■IRK. f. »« *i ■*• >" I'AYIVE, COPARTNERS
if ..••.•;! ictirc of Mf. ifiii-.-. Obstetrics .'iml 8urge-l>
tiagteS« N. •'-
■ IB. J. T. HI'Vf' OFFERS ins PROFBSSION-
"..n...- lo ili"1 iniblio. Oflice ndjoininp Andrew
T\f «Sture.Lexington,N.C. April,'857. 928 tf.
»• «. FBEBM IX. WITH ABBOTT, JOKES *
\ , •'•. !■■ : "' i'- l" ' Joiners of Staple and Fancy
• ,,.«... .N.l 168 Market Street. Philadelphia.
,.!:<>. X. HOPE, PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL
[l \ 4-t-r.i. Lexington, N. C.
,. :. •- .nd Parlor Ornnt M nts for .sale.
I*. M'KRSEV, WITH BELL, BROOKS,
lealers in Staple and
1 Reade St.,
802 tf
. Co., lmpoi ters at .1
p is, No. Wl Chambers, and
.•'■†■- ..-••■■■■ 41, 1886.
■ †4, WIHTt'ORD. GENERAL COMMIS-n.\
I
NEW BERN, N. C.
m ■
■ xtm .
■
Devoted, to IPolitics, Litex»atu.i?e, -A.gricultu.x»e, Manufactures, Commerce, and. Miscellaneous Reading.
VOL. XX. GREENSB0R0UGH, N. C, FRIDAY, JULY 16, 18-58. NO. 993.
SPEECH OF HON. JOHN SHEBMAN,
OF OHIO,
In the II... of Rc/irrsentatires, May 27, 1858.
we have before us, wera $71,072,213 inclu-sive
of payment on the public debt; and
805,082,550, exclusive of the public debt.
This is several millions more than was cx-
Tbe Army Appropriation bill having been ponded for any year during the Mexican
taken up for consideration in Committee of! war. I have endeavored to estimate, us near-thc
Whole, Mr. Sherman, of Ohio, spoke as ] ly as I could, the expenditures for this cur-follows
: rent fiscal year, and in so doing I have taken
Mr. CHAIKMAN: I wish to state my rea- the materials furnished us by the Committee
sons for opposing this bill, and also the bill I °.f.Ways >™†Means. I find that at the
over a comparatively small sum, absolutely
necessary to keep from destruction improve- A TaWe si10Wing details'of expenditures of the General
ments already commenced in the lake bar- Government in the ye, rs 1840 and 1807 ; renpcctively
authorizing a loan of $15,000,000. It is with
some reluctance that I trespass upon the
time of the House at this period of its ses-sion;
and I will make my remarks as brief
as possible. I do not know that any other
opportunity will occur, and T shall therefore
embrace the present.
PRESENT CONDITION OF THE TREASURY.
On the first day of July last there was a
surplus of $17,710,114 in the Treasury. The
surplus lias been reduced to the shadow of a
shade. The Secretary of the Treasury in
December last, in a message calling for an
issue of $20,000,000 of the Treasury notes,
told us that in all probability but a small i
part, if any, of the amount would be needed j
at an early day; yet, now, we havo another j
message from tbatjsame officer, in which he .
tells us that,
third session of the Thirty-fourth Congress
872,112,21)8 were appropriated ; tor this year
I find that the Committee of Ways and
Means has increased this sum by detiiiency
bills amounting to $11,201,701, composed of
the following items:
Sound' dutic«. by treaty with Denmark $333,011
Printing, deficiency already passed .141,000
Balance of printing deficiency for this year
(estimated) 600,000
Miscellaneous 878,818
Army deficiency 7,926,000
Poat Office deficiency '. 1.4150,273
ll* *'• »
If . s.".\ MERCHANT, East Front Street,
N
!..;.• or Smith'i Line NEW YORK PACKETS.
; gooda received anil Forwarded. 090 6m
ttOXT STREET HOUSE, BEAUFORT,
N I.- - - W T W1UTF1EL1), Proprietor,
p.j. l*:*)je and commociotis Hotel is now open for
r tftenaaouaUeO oi visitors. Board $1.5u per day.
l„ae*J !">• 9W "~
Hill. JAMES K. HAUL, HAVING REMOVED
If IwOfoewHoTongh, ST. C., oilers his Professional
:%i.s~ to ike naWie. «>ttire on West Market Street,
tbrbouse recently oeeflnietl as a residence by Hon.
••a A. Oitmet. February, 1*58. 973_tf_
II %W rOI'IRTSERSIIIP...J. A. LONG &
I j| n -p. fii.i.u* i r.. 'ireenshornugh. N. C, having
fcrf-:,i.. 1 tli»'-ii*e!ve* ii the ]>r:!clice of the law. in the
gt««fi;uiltordcounty, will jironiptly attcnil to all
■isinew entrurtcd to their care. Jan. 1H.1S. 907 If
!Oli* i». PAY1HB, VTTORNK.V AT LAW,
I tf uTiag permancntlj located in Ono—borough, N.
*C.\ uitetid •i;.' Courts of Kandidph Davidson anil
-■ .r.T-:d. atid promptly attend to the collection of all
a*placed in his hands. Jan. 0, 1867. 915 tf
n'ATSOl .v HKIKS GENERAL COMMIS-
-j.'.ti M-t' intiiL*. 84 Burling Slip. New York.—
•f'ai atteWidB paid i" the ■- il<- of Grain. Cotton and
•L-TS-iiil..r't pirdiii t-. ID3J Libora] atlvances made
11aiifiarntfi 915 tf
tliltlll.i: WORKS.-GEORGE HELNRJCH,
.t£ ^1 ir.'.t .-•?• ;r. i" uf M.<niimt-n!s. Tomba, Head-stones.
. M mtortil prices, four doors North of the Court
.!•►. <:i.-«-li-!« !• i til, V » UkiF ' 'rders from a dis-
| .!.f|r»^|lh tilled. 971 tf
Wlf »*,.IT. II. C OOKllLLI..
i^COTT K (.OttRCI.L. WHOLESALE AND
'■> If11>ilIIMUII» in Pruits. I andies. Preserves, Piek-
—. N'lt*. IVil.itt..-r«*. Hegam, Tobacco. Snuff. Fanoy
:'A—.\'..\\:.*i ii'i II - NewBrick Building. Grccns-i-
nsb. N.C. April29, 1H58. 982 tf
•»< H ni>«LUI>, 1 V. 1». tlKVMiI.l.s. j J. II. ROWLAXD.
[jItlHI.«M> & KKWOI.US. SUCCESSORS
III ' • Anderson .v Reynolds, Orocera and Coramiaaion
M-. N'i::|ii|>. Va. Brjf- Pay particular at-a
lo ihe -.lie of Flour, Grain, Tobacco, etc.. avoid-
• ..!.nee,~« irv IT trges, and rendering prompt re-
... Un-Ki.Vr. Is".;. 9'i:: if
• t M. s»",.T r. WILL. :.. BCOTT.
|%<"«'l-r *. SCOTT, ATTORNEYS ANDCODN-
|.~ .eii..r- at Law, - - GUEENSBOROCGH, N. C.,
Atil attend the Courts of Guilford, Alamaiicc. Ran-
•|!i. l'lvid-ti, Forsytltimd Rockingham All claims
•Tii-tel loIbeuifor collection, v. ill receive prompt
■Va:i..n. liit.i-e i.u North Street, fourth door from
li'iy'i ntr ier.
!?'
I»
$11,201,712
Amounting in all to $s:),3i:i,909. This sum
has been appropriated, except the $000,000
for printing, and has nearly till been expend-ed.
Secretary Cobb makes the estimate a
little higher, or near 885,000,000. Thus far
, the estimated expenditures by annual report
no£s 'are $74,903,058; add HO^OOofoOO mentioned
in his recent letter as lot deficiencies not es-timated
for : but :ts he lias been unfortunate
>!. SI. K«:iBiSi:V. COMMISSION MER-eli.
itit and Gem ral Agent, Morehead t_"iiy, N. <,'.
;7J ait.-ud tu I.... • receiving and forwarding
. «m 1- €»f pi*, luce tnd merchandi le.
A".I.r.-«.e.- —i;.,v. .!. v.. M ,, *»'•:.!. GreensboTough, N.
John II. Hi I-'..;..-i. I- ,. Sewbemc, S C. Dr. F.
Hall. rVilnti •_.? :-., N. ''. II. A. London, Esq., l'ius-
.-■•!i2.'i. N. •'. Jnric 1, lr»">s, 9S7 tf
1 EXIX«TO.w JEWELBT .STORE.
li.TbVocS :'.t bason hand the fine GOLD LE-
:.IS ttATi'ltl.S manufactiired by Johnson of Liver-
4. and IKxon of London. Also, the Silver Lever
|>iae anil counoon X irgc Watch, with a variety of
l'-i.i.i.i uf all dc aiplions. All of which will be
■ t ••arivrt-a-h. ». Iicsol all descriptions repaired.
1U GEORGE K1LEY.
•. -r-.^IIV. AI.KX. OI.OitAM.
CTOKELT .V OLVHAM, GROCERS AND
•• I «utni-sioa Merchants, Wilmington, N. C I.iher-
•"-.:•••» made on produce consigned lo us, when
r*i
• •• ••.•-I".'. John McRae, President of the Hank
•.;::.:-....-..:i. *i. i;. Parsley, Esq., Presidenl of the
-•"' iil Rank. Aug 28, IK57 '.'is h
IP...
• a; oi t;
IIICTER W. lll\TO\. COMMISSION MER-iwn
Point. NORFOLK, Va. Special at-relling
Tobacco, Float, Grain, Cotton,
'-•>:. i.-, ,«.<•. Also, tu receiving and forwarding
'•*'■-•-•..-—<"»t.iil.- L. Hinton. Wake, N. C. C. B.
• •'■:•. :'.• j, and >'•■■■. W. Haywood, Raleigh. N.C.
• K; ..M..r. j;.,,, W-irienion. N.C. Aug. 1855.
j{ J.MI:M>I:VIIII.I.. LAND AGENT, WILL
'l« ,,',.'• and enter Government Land. Locate Land
- : •'-'-. aiakeinvestments !"'>r capitalisrs at Western
•*■! »;•' '•.»•-. ai 3 trans >.t a general real estate bu-
■•-.... \| ... . . . ._ [owa ind Wisconsin. Address.
•.;:'.'"'i •'■-. Miimeaot i.
•'•'".."• •• Hon. J. \l. Morehead, George C. Men-
"*J»H. Cui. Walter Gwynn and Hon. John A. Oilmer.
*»« i-.. IK.VL 888 !f
authorized By the act of December 23, 1857, i
will be exhausted in supplying the deficien-cies
ii tho TreuBttry for the present fiscal
year.
"We shall commence the next fiscal year
dependent entirely upon tho current re-ceipts
into the Treasury to meet all demands
from it."
So, ior the first year of this Administra-tion,
we have, in addition to the current rev-enue,
an old balance of 817,000,000 and 820,-
000,000 of Treasury notes already expended
and gone. We have a deficiency of $37,000,-
000 in a single year; and we arc now called
on by the Administration for another loan
of Si5,000,000. And, sir, we are told that
this loan will not meet the exigency—it is
only a partial remedy—a homoeopathic dose.
The Secretary gives us fair notice that he
will want further loans during the next fiscal
year. 1 will call the attention of the Com-mittee
to this clause <<l' his letter:
" I have confined this inquiry to the two
first quarters of the next fiscal year, as Con-gress
will reassemble before the close of tho
second quarter, and it will be time enough
then, should it become necessary, to provide
for future contingencies that cannot now be
foreseen."
"Future contingencies that cannot now be
foreseen !" Is the Secretary like Micawber
waiting for "something to turnup?" Sir,
these future contingencies can bo foreseen.
1 can demonstrate to any sensible man that
the Secretary of the Treasury will be com-pelled
to call on Congress for 842,000,000 to
supply deficiencies in the next fiscal year.
To that will have to be added $21,000,000 to
redeem tlte- outstanding Treasury notes and
interest, which run but ibr one year, so that
there will be an addition to the national
debt of 863,000,000 in two years.
Under these circumstances a loan bill is
proposed to the House, and it is not accom-panied
by any measure of revenue, or of re-trenchment
and reform. No proposition is
made to increase the tariff, no measure to
enlarge the revenue. As the first fruits of
this Administration, we are embarked in a
nt system of loans to support the
in his figures heretofore, I prefer to follow
my own.
EXPENDITURES EOR NEXT FISCAL YEAR.
I have endeavored carefully to prepare an
estimate of the expenditures for the next fis-cal
year.
By the annual estimates of the Secretary
of the Treasury, the expenditures for that
year would be 874,064,155. But this does
not include many items, most of which will
have to be paid for as certainly as the Presi-dent's
salary. Some are as follows:
Three new regiments $4,289,547
Probable Post Office deficiencies over amount
apprnprited 2,5000,000
Public bwjMmgi 1,700,000
Private bills (estimated) 1,000,000
Printing deficiency 600,000
Armv delieiencv. estimated to be the
same a^ last yen 8.000,000
bom.
If, while gentlemen are lavish in the pub-lic
money, they would vote $1,500,000 to the I
protection of the commerce of tho great and j
growing power of the Northwest, it would i
show sonio kind of justice and liberality.— '
But, sir, the region of country which will,!
in a short time control the destinies of this |
nation, which now in its i.imost infancy, fee JH
our artisans and sailors, and in time of war
furnishes sturdy defenders of our national
honor, has appealed in vain for ordinary re-pairs
of their harbors, bftOMUU (for I can see
no other reason) they are not upon the At-lantic
coast. Time will soon cure this evil;
and we, who come from the West, will have
the power to legislate for ourselves, as the
Atlantic and Culf const has done in times
past.
EXPENDITURES COMPARED WITH FORMER YEAR*.
I desire now to call tho attention of the
House to a comparison of expenditures of
183,278 15
2.57.V151 50
7.095,207 23
2,608,66? 17
1857.
$7,011,547 27
999,177 05
18,940.189 91
19,159,150 87
1,:»9,115 81
4.355.0HS M
exclusive of public debt:
1840.
Civil list ^2,730,709 31
Foreign intercourse, in-clu.
ling awards
M JHCellaneous
Militia service
Revolutionary and other
pensions
Indian Department inclu-ding
CMckasaw fond. 4tt8fi£&Mfc§Q A
Naval Establishment... 0,118.890 89
Expenditures, exclusive
of public debt S24,139,920 11 805,032,559 70
Uv this it is shown that in the year 1840
the "civil list amounted to S2,73G„7b» 31, and
in 1857 to $7,011,517 27. I find that the
mis ,ellaneous expenditures—an endl-ss col-lection
of jobs anil 'ontraets—run up from
$2,500,000', to $19,000,000,1 find that tho ex-ficndit
nres for tho military service run up
mm $7,000,000, in 1840, to $19,000,000, in
1857, and to $20,000,000 this year. The na-val
expenditure of I rovernment run up from
$0,000,000 to over 812,000,000, and lor the
this year, and of this Administration, with | next year over 13,000,000, exclusive of for-tifications
and ten v loops of war.
I havo hero another table showing the
comparison of the expenditure for expendi-tures
for decimal pM-iods:
past expenditures. I have a table earefudy
red oflie
3 and 00] as follows :
permanei
government.
ill* n' McBARV X CO., FACTORS AND
*» • ■ mtni - in Merchants, Agents for the sale and
•■II— ofCottoa Floor, Orain, Salt. Groceries, &c,
'■" I'tia rssand Water Streets, Wilmington, N. C.
'< i •.-,;:, iv inces i n I lonsignments.
' '• • ■ II K. Savage, Cashier Bank of Cape
V l'il:-is-l.f v Brown, Wilmington, N. C. F. &
•■•<•>. Salem, N. •'. «'. Graham .v Co., Marion C.
Hunt. Adderton \ Co.. Lexington, N. C.
•HOTOGRAPHIG
DpeneU, and cameotypes, Melaino-
•_,"";/"■•' »'•!! !:•< 11 t i;s. which oannot be surpassed rjrR*BlLITYand BEAUTY are taken in Lockets,
'".'*''■'' to anil the tastes and purses of all.—
;-:-' parmane-Mly located in Greensborongb, they
i.''"-' *V|" ' * '•' 'n'1 1 ateonage,
»•-■* t -.'I tad examine Specimens, and learn the
;'"■ †'! tusl inerly occupied by A. Starrett, seo-
*" •'?■•:'';.ir.-Tt■- ».;-ie.k building, West Market St.,
'"**■•'• ■■••■..•ii. N f. March, ls-.s. 971 tf
y«»Tr A> I.U::KI:LI.S II
■-.-!_. i now opened, I'ameo
|GORliB II. KELLY. COMMISSION MKR-
' '•■"••, •. -i iiealer in Family Groceries and 1'ro-
V*-:V- '•• N"llli Wi.ter Street. WILMINGTON. N.
'•''.."•*'»•' astantly on band. Sugars, Coffees, Mo-
""'."•••—■••. Flour, Butter, Lard, Soap, Candles,
;'yi-. Ktat •,, >■†† . Snuffs, So.
■■".-.''?"''—"■ *'•■ Parslev. President of Commercial
'.:'■• -■•i.u •; , .
,-*»|ton. N. i
:"•■ -- J.
■. Presidenl Hank of Wilmington,
A. M. Gemma, Rev. R. T. Heliin,
F. Garret, David UcKnlgbt, Greensbo-
•K'V' ■5({'-*"R«cii. '>• «»• ' i "-' ' • hi* prol—tonal -ervict
:''■ • andall otl era who di
S., RESPECT-
■es to tlic cititens
ill others who desire operations
'• •s-i.-l
H has furnished his OPERATING ROOMS
'r«et. -■ iond story of Garrett's brick build-
•■† † . L v- be :'jund unless professionally
AprUa*, ib&e!
UTAH WAR.
I desire for a moment to call the attention
of the committee to another remarkable par-agraph
of the Secretary's Utter. He says
that since the meeting of Congress " the de-mands
upon the Treasury for the present
fiscal year have been increased by legislation
to an amount not far be-low 810,000,000."
] would like to know by what legislation
we have increased the burden thrown upon
the treasury? lias the committee of Ways
and Means introduced measures into this
House appriating $10,000,000 not sanctioned
by the executive f Has any act been ap-proved
by the House which appropriates
810,000,000 not called for by the Secretary
of the Treasury 1 If Congress has thrown
an additional burden upon the Executive de-partments,
I would like to know by what
law and for what purpose it has been done.
1 have no knowledge of any bill which has
not been demanded and urged upon us by
the Executive. Certainly Congress has pro-posed
no new expenditure. But the Secre-tary
says this has been done by legislation.
We did pass a deficiency bill, and that, i
suppose, is tho legislation referred to. But
at whose demand .' We alt know how ur-gentlv
these executive officers, who now
ieek to charge that Congress has thrown
upon the treasury an additional burden, beg-
• red us to pass the deficiency bill. And what
was this deficiency for ? To cany on the
Utah war—a purely Executive war—a war
and carried without the assen
Con
f<
edai~&nd at great expense, the Administra-tion
gathered together an army in the ter-ritory
of Kansas, to overawe that people,
and retained it there until a period too tote
to march to Utah before the approaching
winter. With utter disregard of either poli-cy
or economy, the President then ordered
lorward our gallant army, to spend the win-ter
in the Rocky Mountains. He did not
wait until Congress could be consulted, in-stead
of sending peace commissioners to
reason with a rebellious people, and nego-tiate
terms of peace, he posted his army in
the mountains, and compelled them to be
supported there with flour at fifty dollars a
barrel, and other provisions at an equally
enormous rate. Uter millions have thus
been wtisLed, discovers,for the first time, that
negotiation might prevent the war; and then,
with ridiculous haste, commissioners are d
patched to overtake the army, ltecen
vices indicate that a private citizen
complished what the Administration too late
attempted ; and thus the treasury has been
burdened by the useless expenditure of mo-tions
Of dollars by an unauthorized act of
executive power.
EXPENIUTUIIES FOR THIS FISCAL YEAR.
Mr. Chairman, 1 now desire to submit to
the Committee some remarks in regard to
tho expenditures of our Government, and
to show their increase, and where we are
. drifting to. The expenditures of the last
ge»U fecal year, according to the documents which
$18,089,647
Making in tiie aggregratc $92.143.2lr_\
It is true that some of those may be over
estimated, but I have the estimates furnished
to me by the committee of Wajffl and Means.
It may be that the army deficiencies next
year may not be so large as 1 have put them
down. It may be that two of these new reg-iments
may be dispensed with. It may be
that they will be much larger; but 1 take it
as a reasonable inference that the deficiency
next year will be as large as the deficiency
this year, because deficiency bills never de-crease.
Now, this sum of $02,000,00 does not in-clude
any of the following items of expendi-ture,
and I wish, gentlemen, to add those
upon their own estimate, to this aggregate:
For protecting works commenced in our nu-merous
rivers and harbors, the lowest esti-mate
of which is 81.500,000; and then there
is*yOur calendar of 1000 private bills deman-ding
your attention. There is the pension
bill for the old soldiers of the war of 1812,
proposed by the gentleman from Tennessee
(.M r. Savage) requiring $8,009,000 per annum.
I There are ten new war steamers, proposed
by my friend from Virginia, (Mr. Bocock,)
$2,.">00,000. The French Spoliation bill, urged
BO forcibly by the gentleman from Massachu-setts
(Mr. Davis.) which, if passed, will re-quire
85,000.000. The duties to be refunded
on goods destroyed by fire, I do not know
how much. Commutation to the heirs of
prepared from official document-'. [Ex. Docs.
Xos. 13
A table showing the Expenses of the General Govern-ment,
exclusive of the Public Debt, and the popula-tion,
shown by census, during each decimal year, and
1807:
Rate for an
Years. Expenses. Population. Inhabitant
•l789-'yO-PI..$1,919,589 52 3.IM9.827 S 48
1800 1.981,669 90 6.806.986 90
1810 5,311.082 28 7,239,814 73
1S-20 13,131,630 &r. 9,038,131 1 36
1830 13.229.53.1 33 12,8tj6,020 1 03
1840 24,139.920 11 17,000,453 1 II
1850 37,165 990 09 2J.191,876 1 60
1857 05.032,559 76
1858 t83,313,'.'88 00 t-'S.OOO.OOU 2 98
1859 -f93.000,00O 00
This induces expenditures from March 4, 1798, to
December 30, 1791.
■fEstimated.
It thus appears that from the foundation
of our Government, on the 4th of March 17*9
to December 31, 17SH, nearly three years,
the aggregate expenses of this Government,
exclusive of the public debt, were one mil-lion
nino hundred and nineteen tnousand
five hundred and eighty-nine dollars. For
the next fiscal year—probably a better bas^s
for estimate—it was one million eight hun-dred
and seventy-seven thousand nine hun-dred
and three dollars. Ourpopulation was
then three million nine hundred and twenty-nine
thousand, being less than fifty cents to
each inhabitant. Our expenses have now
increased to eighty-three million .of dollars
next year, andninely-three millions of dollars
this year, and eighty-three millions of dol-lars
next year, making an averave of three
dallars to each inhabitant. In 1830, in (Jen.
Jackson's time the expenditures were thir-teen
millions of dollars, and the population
was nearly as many millions. The amount
to each iiiiiabtiant'was one dollar and three
cents. In 1840 it amounted to one dollar and
forty cents to each inhabitant. But now
it is three dollars to each inhabitant, or thir-ty
dollars to every free family, upon the ba-sis
of the census of 1850, showing the num-ber
of families to be three million fifty-four
thousand three hundred and thirty-seven, or
twentv-tbrcc dollars to every voter of four
million fifty-four thousand four hundred and
fifty at the Presidential election of 1850.—
While the population has increased seven
fold the expenditure has increased uptol8o7
thirty-six fold, and up to this year forty-eight
fold.
The aggregate expense of Mr. PierceV Ad-ministration,
exclusive of payment on the
public dent, was 8232,820,032. The aggri-gate
expense of the government, trout its
foundation up to the close of the last war.
of the Government n 1840 and those of 1857. | comply with the urgent demands of tho Ex-ecutive
for money. Perltaps it. may tench
my friends a lossion; but if it does not, then
I hope they will take warning from tho ex-ample
set the other day, iu the case of my
late colleage, Mr. Campbell, who had display-ed
his zeal. I think unwisefy, in tho laot
Congress, in urging all the appropriation
bills, and complying to the fullest extent
with the demauds of the executive; and, sir,
when any of us yield, and, under the com-mendable
desire to sustain the government,
12.ii'>10".»4 61 even when unwisely administered, veto for
general appropriations, it is thrown in our
teeth, when we only vote what they auk. I
trust gentlemen, upon this sido of the House
will take this as a warning and a lession.—
It is a thankless task for gentlemen to aid
an Administration like this or its predeces-sor
iu carrying on tho burthens of tho gov-ernment,
when they cannot vote for a single
appropriation bill without having all these
contingencies and jobs anil other items thrust
upon them, and being told, "you voted for
them." Sir, I can say for one, I did not.--
The gentleman will not find me in that cate-gory.
I have already referred to tho military es-tablishment,
showing a vast increase in its
expenditures. I might, with the documents
before me, show how millions have been
sunk for transportation, subsistence and sit|>-
plies, upon contracts made without puhlic
notice, out I am admonished that my time
will not allow.
Without an opportunity to examine, and
under the plea ot pressing necessity, at an
Expenditures of the Government during the years 1700
IKIHI, 1810, 18:>l>, 1880, IS JO, 18o0, 1857:
t*>n.
1
i.lrc.'o'.is
l,'i:?3,88«
2,|-J8,817
3,i>7,88fl
l.: 08,488
0. J2.4-23
Toinl expendi-
Percent- lures, cxclit-umofin-
sive of public
creased. debt-
$1,919,580.62
7.411.369 97
5,311.082 28
i9.i::t..v:o .-,7
1X1229,688 33
24,189,020 11
87,166,909 09
65,082,669 70
35.01
30.45
33.35
33.20
32,07
35,87
made ami eamea on wiumui m« ...-.-v...^ .-
Congress; an improvident war—a war as
feeble in its conception as it is likely to lie
ridiculous in its termination. With great
ad-has
ac-lat
which we have had in 81,000.000 expended
already in the publication or the report of
the survej-s.
Now, I have shown that in all human prob-ability
the expenditures of this Government
will be from ninety to one hundred million
dollars. To meet'this, the Secretary, in his
recent letter, estimates the receipts for the
first two quarters at ?25,ooo.000. We know
from comparison with former years, that the
receipts for the last two quarters will not
exceed the first, making the aggregate of re-ceipts
§50,000,000, or a deficiency of over
forty million dollars for the next year.
ADMINISTRATION HEMF.DV LOANS AND TREAS-URY
NOTES.
And vet, sir, for this alarming condition of
the public finances, the Administration has
no measure of relief except loan bills and
paper money, in the form of Treasury notes.
He provision is made for their payment; no
measure of retrenchment and reform; but
these accumulated difficulties are thrust up-on
the future, with the improvidence of a
young spendthrft. While the Secretary is
waiting to foresee contigcnci.'s, wo are pre-vented'
by a party majority from instituting
reform. Ifwe indicate even the commence-ment
of retrenchment, or point out abuses,
on this side of the House, we are at ones as-sailed
by members of the committee of Ways
and Means.
The only effort at retrenchment which I
hav seen "here successful, was that made In-die
gentleman from Kentucky, (Mr. Mason)
in reducing the number of officers employed
about this Hall.
That the committee of Ways and Means
have no purpose of commencing a reform, we
have ample evidence in the appropriation
bills before us—more than sixty-nine million
dolllars.
This table does not include permanent ap-propriations,
amountini' for i his fiscal year
to s?7,430,582, nor does it include a multitude
of bills appropriating money, from all the
other Standing committees; and we are told
that other bills are yet to be reported from
the Wavs and .Means committee. W e know,
by sure' experience, that these appropriation
bills are never diminished; they are increas-ed
in this House ; they are sent to the hen-ate
and there they are overloaded with items
already rejected"bv the House. Nor does
this table'include'a class of expenditures
much more deserving public favor than many
of the bills reported. The riv rs and harbors
ofV.e West in vain demand improvement.—
While millions are expended in your coast
surveys and Atlantic defences, you scruple
•lose of the last war. Sir, institute a com-parison
between the results of the first twen-ty-
six years of our national goverment and of
the late Administration. Constrast the his-tory,
progress and growth of our county; con-trast
its purity, its prosperity, its greatness
during the administration of Jefferson, ol
Washington, of Madison, and of Adams with
that of Pierce,and then you maybe able to ap-preciate
the rapid growth of our expendi-tures
from the simple fact that four years ot
modern Democratic administration cost more
than twenty-sixvears in the earlier andpurcr
days of the Republic. I have here Un-official
table showing that fact:
EXPENDITURES, EXCLUSIVE OF PUBLIC DF.I1T.
From March 4, 1800 * 0.080.209 30
1789, to Dec. 11807
•11 1791 ..$1,910,690 6211888
iraa ....1,877,903 68 ises
1798 1.710.O70 20|181O
170,1 :i..r)iK».540 66J18H..;
1 -t,:,'. 4,350.058 04 1812
I711C,''. 2,531.930 40 1813
I7117 2.833.590 90 1814...
Population
as shown by Increase
the official ofpppnla-cclisu:;.
1790 3.929,827
1800 5,305,925
1810 7,239,814
1820 9,038,131
1830. ..12,800.020
1840... 17.009.453
1850*..23,191,870
1857f
•The expenditures KOt down for 1791, extend from
March 4, 1789, to Deci mbcr 31, 1790, when the first
statement was made.
fThe expenditures ft i 1C-50and 1857. are forlheyears
ending on the 30th of 4"nc, 1850 and 1857.
It shows a gradual increase of the expen-ditures
of the government, until within a few
years, and then a ijapid increase for the last
few years, as eoinuared with former ratios of
increase. Formerly, and prior to 1*40, the
expenditures of tRe Government increased
in Dot a slight degree more than 1 he ratio
of population, and the extension of territory;
but now it is going'far beyond [hat.
CONTINOKNCIES—IN' IDF.NTAI.S-EXTKA AND MIS-Cxl
I.ANEOUS.
Now, when we go into the details of this
expenditure, we liwd some of the most start-ling
phases of political economy. Bet us
take up, ior instanfe. tho item of contingent
expenses of the HpUSO ami Senate. In 1840
the pay for the employees of both Houses of
Congress amounted to $42,592 ; in 1857 it
amounted to S150.000 ; and yet the number
ol' persons composing the Congress of 1S40
and 1857 was substantially the same. I
find that the incidental and contingent ex-penses
of the Senate arose from 8100,000 to
8287,090; the incidental expences of the
House from 8240.0iM) to 81,340,000. I find
that the expenses Iff the President and the
different Departments at the other end of the
avenue have risen jfirom 8850,581 to 31,027,-
073. m
I have before me a statement which I had
tho temerity—for so the Chairman of the
Committee on Wavs and Means regarded it
—to read the other day. It is a table show-ing
appropriations For the President and for
his house, garden and grounds in 1840 and
1850:
1840. 1859
Salary §25,000 $25.<MM
.Secretary, steward an.I messenger 4.000
Contingent expenses and stationary MO
Purchasing plans for conservatory 1,000
Repairs and furniture, trees andplanls
i... »--i«
4,166 12,000
1.SO0
OHO
.'. 8,000
4.smi
...... 260
1,200
.... 1.200
press condition that tin city should donat
to the Government a lot of ground for tin
purposo,and mako out a clearand valid liti.
Weil, sir, tho 8100 000 appropriated was ai
expended in tho sinking of the fbundati. i *
a building of untold magnificence, never co \
tomplated bv those who mnde tho ■ppr ,
tion. The Department again unmet*. >•■(
gross for another appTaprfcrtion, I
gsass has gone on nakir g appropriations til
til 82.075,258 have bee: oxpendi-d, and t!
Representative from New Orleans is nowtlj
manding MORE MONEY to complete her Cnl
torn House
For the city of Chtiile.-lon, South Curolii
in 1*48, an uppmprint on of $30,000 w
made as a sort of riker lo an nppropriati
for a Custom House u s; vannnh. Will, S r,
upon tho basis of that 830,000 the Govern-ment
has gone on with its plans, and has a.-.
ready expended 81,703,000. I do not km v
how much more will bo needed to comphj-tho
building; but tho representative troii
tho Charleston District U Id us tho other d.^
that valuable ornnments of stone were I -
ing about, and further appropriations I
needed either to complete tho building
protect tho materials from tlostruction, lb
this way the Executive is gradually snppinjc
tho foundations of the government and dt,-..
stroying the constitutional ptWSff <■' '
House. Instead of a Representative 'vopn
lie, we are rJagSJBStttJlIf into a bureauoini
governed by red lapo and subaltern clerk
While the nowen of the House are inva.l.
the Executive takes cave ~s> extend, by co
structiim, his just nare/era. Of this wu ha
an example In the I'lah war. what l***
has the President, without the consent
Congress, to order the army to I'l.di .1
thus involve the Government in an cxponj
Inrw of millions upon millions? It is s:j
that he is Commandcr-in-Chicf of the an ^
under the Constitution of the United Stat,
But the Constitution declares Chat Oongr< -
shall declare war. He is Coinmandei■•'
Chief, but only tj carry on war when \ r
has been declared by the Congress ..l f
United States. He is Our instrument—b is
our servant, and not our mister. And yel
he has involved the Government in t(ii~=
I'tah war. It is an usurpation which nagbl
to be resisted by tho whole legislative power
of the Government.
We have the undoubted jsiwer over Mip
Idles, and yet the President so arts ai l<»
cave us no discivtio.i. II.» creates the |H
Stty for expenditures, and when we are [tak-i
i
V
unuer the p oa o pressing necess.ty, at an ^'to appropriate money to pav them,., all
early period ol the sess.on, wo were called thp V. w't. ,m,,. ,„ ourinquiries is that»il„-
upon to vote extravagant appropriations, in- ,muv 'was oriion.,i ,|„.rt. | y ti10 Preside,,. ...
.'" .t.0
I
C0.VUI" arfr'e.-e0"U'a<',H loi'e H"!,-i,T the (•ommandcr-iii-Chief of the roTces. U ,
n to si Jr.i-llie
P.,-i
tencc and transpartation—many of whirl
are illegal—or have it charged upon us that
we are willing to leave our gallant army in
the Rocky Mountains without food or shel-ter.
Unwilling to do that, some on this side
voted for the Deficiency bill; but who can
trace the expenditure of this money?
INCREASE OF OFFICES.
We were told yesterday by the Chairman
of the Committee of Ways and Means, that
all these appropriations arc in pursuance of
existing law. Now, I want him to answer
at his leisure, how it comes that in 1852
there were employed in the collecting of the
revenue 2,530 persona; and that in 1854,
when the law had not been changed, there
were employed in ihc various Custom Hous-es,
2,013 ; and in 1S57, 3,088 employees; and
this before tho new tariff had gone into ope-ration?
How comes this increase of 500 of-ficers
in the Custom Housesa? Under what
law was the increaso made? By what au-thority
are these fresh leeches set upon the
Treasury? Sir, a large portion of tho appro-priations
annually made, depend simply up-on
your will; and if you cut off the supply,
the expenditure will cease without impairing
even u single provision of law.
THE REFORM MUST BK BY TITE HOIMB,
Sir, retrenchment and reform are now
matters of imperative necessity. It is not
the mere cry of demagogues, but a problem
demanding the attention and worty the high-est
ability of the representatives of the peo-ple.
Noparty is fit to govern this country
which cannot solve it. It is in vain to look
to executive officers for reform. Their pow-er
and influence depend upon executive pat-ronage,
and while we grant they will squan-der.
The Senate is neither by the theory of
our system, nor bv its composition fitted for
the task. This House alone has the consti-tutional
power to perfect a radical reform.—
Tho Constitution provides that no money
shall be drawn from the Treasury but in
consequence of appropriations made by law,
and that all bills for raising revenue shall
orignale in the House of Representatives.—
These provisions were designed to invest in
I would not allow these gallant mi
where they are, yet 1 would eal
dent to account tor having violated the p|iu
ciplo and polity of our Government.
ABL'SKS OF TUM SKNATK.
The Senate sJsQj has ken guilty of *al
vasion of our privileges. When we ■
bills there they tire returned to us loa
down with amendments lor tho very I
which we refused to give They send ll
amendments hen-, and we are iut|ilii-lly
that unless wo agree to tl.em, the entire
propriation Hill will fall, and Uonirreai
called back in cilia session. It will IK>'
collected that the appropriation for lli*
Washington Aqueduct, in d mans nlli.r
travagant items of BXpc uliture, were >•-
lied through in that way. The coustittii i-»»■
of the United States gives to the SenutO
power to propose amendments to te'veune
I.ills, but expressly withholds from il power
U> originate such hills. Put by the INN of
their limited power to s sand, the] defeat
the exclusive power >f tl 0 House. But Hot
only that, the Senate, at this session, by di-rect
usurpation, has exercised the power
which the constitution confers upon I hit
House alone. It has originated a loan I nil,
sent it here,anil it is now upon the Speak r'-
tahle. Is not a loan bill a bill for raising rev-enue?
There mM some dispute as to appi .-
UISSIJIIS bills being revenue bills, but there,HI
be no doubt about this bill. If a loan bill is! no*
a revenue bill, I do not know what is. 10 i k-
Stone defines a revenue bill to include, .11
bills by which money is directed to lie
cd upon tho suijcct, for nny purpose, a* .i
nay shape whatsoever. (Com., vol. l.'|: • ••
Hid.) The bill prop sen o raise riv i.ui» »v
borrowing. If you look at the prat nc«j ..."
tho House of Commons yon will see if.nt
loan bills are in the first c ass of revenue 1^ I-.
Sir, as the Senate has i-eiit this rovonueaa .i
here iu violation of the constitution. |1M
House oughtnol to reeehre it- Thore i \ i
example in British history, where nn h a|>'ll
was sent by the House of Lordsto the II" r —
of Commons. It oeeurred two hundred arvl
fifty years ago. The House of CoinmV
1798 4.023.213 54
1799 0,480,905 72
1800 7.411.309 97
1801 4,981.009 08
180> -3,737.079 91
1803 4,002.824 24
1804 4,452.858 91
1805 0.357,234 02
4.984.572 89
0.504.3:18 85
7.114.072 14
5,311,082 28
6 592,004 96
17.829.498 70
28,082,390 02
30,127,080 18
Total. ..$172,097,779 -Ml
1853-54... 51.142.138 42
18,14-55... 50,312.097 72
1835-66... 60,888,880 45
1850-57,.. 05,032.559 70
Total...§232,820,032 IU)
Doorkeeper and aaaistaitl
Two night walchtnen
T,,,.,l £29.105 §50.200
I find that I then omitted some items for
the next year, and that the amount of emo-luments
is even larger than I slated. We
have indirectly increased the salary and in-cidental
expenses of the President from 829,-
000 to something like 800.000, that, too, in
plain and direct violation of a clause of the
Constitution which forbids any increase of
the emoluments of*the Presidenl during his
term. Another comparison will illustratothe
increase ofexpenditures. I find by reference
to a speech made ai the Senate, by Mr Tru-man
Smith, (Congressional Globe, vol. 2:>,
nose 124,) that the entire expense of the.
printingfortho XXVIth Congress was S100,-
S(i4, or $95,432 pea annum. I find, from a
recent report <>t t&e Chairman of the Com-mittee
on Printing, (Mr. Taylor.)_that the
expense for the printing for the AAAllld
Congress—famous, for its repeal of the.Mis-souri
Compromise;—amounted to 18,025,827,
or 81,512,!»1X per annum, or more than $10,-
000 to everv niomljer of both Houses of Con-gress.
Such is th.i character of the increase
fn that single item; alone. That was the ex-pense
incurred for the printing ol the A.\A-II
Id Congress, which,
1 think, was the most
liberty in Kngland would long since have
fallen under the despotism of the Crown.
ABUSF.S ANH LSURl'ATION OF EXECUTIVE.
By the exercise of this power we may hold
the V.xcutivo and the Senate in check. Hut
instead of using it, this House has, by slow
degrees, allowed the other departments of
the Government to evade and virtually over-throw
its constitutional power. This change
may be briefly illustrated. The theory of
our Government is that a speific sum shall
be appropriate by a law originating in this
House, for a specific purpose, ami within a
given iis.-al year. It is tho duty of tho Ex-ecutive
t0 use that stun, and no more, express-ly
for that purpose and no other, and within
the time fixed. Such is the theory, but what
is the practice? l.'nder a section of a law
passod in August, IMS, which was designed
only for that bill and for that year, the De-partment
assume the power to transfer tho
appropriations made lor one purpose, to any
oiher purpose in the same Department, thus
defeating aU checks. Without law they use
money appropriated specifically for the ser-vices
of one fiscal year to pay for the service
of another fiscal year. A marked example
of this occurred recently. Tho present Se-cretary
of the Treasury took money appro-priated
in March, 1855, for tlte expenses of
the Territorial Legislature of Kansas for the
rear ending June 80,1865, and in the face
The expenses of this year, the first under
Mr Buchanan's Adminfstrntion, will be five
million of dollars more than the entire ex-penses
of the Goverment from its foundation
to the close of Jefferson's Administration.
The aggregate expenses for the first twen-ty
years of our Government were $78,868,-
702; and I have already
year tho expenses exceed
Sir, your Deficiency bill
tomore than theaverageex
eminent for the first forty y
Your Miscellaneous bill am
the aggregate expenses of
anv oneyenr except theyears
to'1830. We appropriated S'-"
| eeUaneons purposes; and ye
table, you will find that th
ses of "the General Goverin
the public debt, are much
every year except during
last war with Great Britain.
I have another table here, carrying out
the comparison instituted by the gentleman
from Alabama (Mr. Curry) the other day, in
his very able speech, to which I listened
with great pleasure. It contrasts expenditures
disastrous in the history of our government,: ^ ft rt.1UH:ii'|,y Congress to appropriate moii-beeause
it reopened a strife long before that , tl, SU|,|K)rt the bogus usurpring Legisla-ting
settled, and inaugurated this wild sys- | t|Ve As,semble for the year ending Juno 30,
tern of reckless expenditure which we will j ,s-)7i t()()k the balance of tho old appropn-lind
so difficult to check. tjon un<l applied it to that purpose.
Look, sir, at the miscellaneous items of ex- Another abuse by the Executive Depart-ed
D|
III
nenditurcs. In the early reports ot the Sec-retary
<>f the Treasury, the miscellaneous
items were fow an-1 far between. But if «en-
House of Lords to originate any money
It was from that feature in the British
stiliilion, that our Baths** modeled the
vision inserted in tin-constitution of the i
ted Suites; and the only difference bet w
our law and the law of England is, that I
Senate may a m-nd revenue bills, but 0U4
originate them. The House of Lords cat
amend them, nor add even an appropria
tor one dollar to any bill for any purpose i--
cause it is tin privilege of the House ■ t <
nions to raise money bills. To show tin in
portancc attached to this power, I
tion to high authorkii
"It is the ancient, indisputable priv
and right Ofthe House rjfCommons, till I
grants of subsides of l'i rliatnent aids do I
MI this II iiise. andarefi -si bestowed byth * .
lilm-kxtoui's Cum., Dei iJNIfl 1Mb
" The MM■nil reasoi fgf«"ea lor Hi
sive privilegi of the lions,, ol Common-, is,
that the supplies are mined upon the bod of
the people, »n«l tin reioi-e it is proper
tbej alone should have the right H tl
themselves.—Samtvol., 1 /"'/■• W8.
" It would, therefon , be extremely dan I -
ous to give tins Lords my power Of I in
new taxes for the subject ; it is stifticienl thai
they have a power of reiaeting. If obey think
the Commons too lavish or improvident in
their grants.—Same Pef.,paM 1, 10*.
"Sotenucous have the < 'ominous bee) f
thismoneyprivilege, tout they have Irwn nt-
Iv rejected bills containing money elaj
sohly on the ground of their not bavtnj
iginated with' themselves -_/-',/7-,,/ . j,..,, \ .;,
" The Commons are not only treasure
the nation, but also posasasM the iniliali pof
i I In*
ments is in their habit of making contracts
in advance of appropriations. They make
ontraetB without law. and comp.-l us either
any bill imposing ■ tax. for Whatever
pnoossee."—i-'.r'-nit's Lorn tf nri, /■•'/■ 108.
On the 3rd of July, 1078, il w;,- • I ..I-