The Greensborough patriot [June 15, 1860]

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BY .-HERWOOD & LONG. a ^amtli? Kctospaprr—IBrbotrti to literature, Agriculture, J8anufacturcs, (Commerce, ano fttisrellanrous Krabtng. TERMS—$2.00 IN ADVANCE
VOL. XXII. GREEKSBOROUGH, N. C, JUNE 15, I860
1 ■,. Crccnsbor<ragfc Patriot.
, IAMBS A LONG
, IKIIWOOI) & LONG.
.».' ; iMi I'KOPHIETOBS.
...» :^.»o % II lit. IX iVt •. .« E.
v f»F Ifl EITISIM II TnE rfriioT.
, .-• ■ |iiarc fo» the first week, ami twenty
. rj week thereafter. TWELVE LINKS on
. . - |uare Iie-luctions made in f.iTor of
n as follows:
3 MONTHS. 6 MONTHS. 1 TEAR
. . $S 50 ... $5 6(1 .... $8 Ob
. . 7 00 lOW) 14 00
10 00 16 0(1 2H00
IKE NEW STATE ISSUE,
• . •-♦ and Powerful Speech of Dr. B.
" -. Speed, of Pasquotank, in tho Eden-l0n
i ..vection.
, • • pjesei t at the Edenton Convcc-
; enjoyed the pleasure of listening to
. _,'..h pi Dr. II K. Speed, of Pas-
• . utiiy. This was the most bril-
, ffectSve speech that it has been our
me to listen to for a long time. Wo
attempted to give in full, this speech,
. •. j -is. To appreciate this speech in
and force, one must hear it deliv-
.. heard it. We think Dr. Speed
. his parly a great service, and him
• credit, if he would write hisspeech
■ . indication,
j- • the synopsis. Dr. Speed core menc-fining
ad valorem. He said :
• .- it '. Simply, "shall tho revenue
•try to carry on the affairs of the State
• meat—to pay the interest upon I be
1 •—to protect such improvements
ii began, and proper to be begun, as
- story necessary to develope tho in-
. iv North Carolina in equal pace with
;.. »g«ess»nd improvement ot the age—
.'!•• a fund with which ultimately to pay
.•■1 singularly her just liabilities and re-
••• lilities, thatwe may transmit as bright,
and m-sii.liud, her faith, credit and hon-
•j "iir successors as we received them
i progenitors not to be collected as it
I, i.in quaily, oppressively and unjust
• man paying many times as much as an-r
iii the revenue upon the property he
-. and the protection he receives, bol
fairly and justly, every man paying
- proportion of 11 •«- tax according to the
i ot his property, and the protection he
es
ial I state the proposition, fairly I ap-
, it. the resolutions and preamble of the
jitloii Convention, assembled at Haleigb
.:_ . ; ..i February last:
Great inequality exists in the
. .; •) taxation, and it is just and
i all |.i'.|>- i\ >l.iin.il contribute its
t he burdens of State :
, at i\ • recommend a Conven-iiiv
pco|de ot the .'State be called on
li.ir.is as early as practicable for
. . , .f so modifying the Constitution
species -ii property may be taxed
._ in it-- value, with power to dis-
■n favor of the native pro-
- :i o and the industrial pursuits
ms "
■ oi stitution, is it now stands, all
. I e taxed according to its val-sjaves;
they can only be taxed
or oo much a head and then only
- white men are taxed, and Blavcs
ihjccl to this per capita tax unti
L years old, and not after they are
What the friends of equal
, is, that slaves bo subject
as other property, according to
mid not per capita. This is the dis-ed
botween the friends of equal
id the enemies of equal taxation.
jr. nad and plainly stated.
' • i " "MI...I. passed by tho Democratic
-. . « imvenr-on at Kaleigh, on the 8th
. . - in tin-.-- words:
iced, That wo are opposed to
. .. : any of the sectional compromises
: • institution, State or National, and
illy deprecate the introduction at
. - •; the Opposition party of North
■■. into our State politics of a question
lutiOnal amendment affocting the
•-• upon which our revenue is raised, be-
• _• ; to be premature, impolitic, danger-
• • t unjust; at the same timo wo deem it
lutj of the Legislature when passing
■ .■† : . ra:8ing ot revenue, so to adjust
••' ".•....- tn bear as equally as practicable
. •:■• limits ol the Constitution, upon
■ • • - interests and classes of properly
ill wt ..II- of the State.
• anything be plainer than this? By
.... i of the Constitution," as it at pres-
■' .. », an i which the Democrats are op-
> ••• altering "at this lime.
••I pitation tax, which shall lie c
: • • ■† the State, can be imposed upon
• - a< i therefore, the resolution, without
' • .. -t strain upon, or alteration ol its
• •:. might be written in this wise:
'•' I, rhat the Democrat c party of
Carolina are in lavornow.it imposing
t ... • .. in taxes as far as practicable apou
• ir ms interests and classes of property
■■■'.■ us .it the State, save and except
■ properly, which shall be exempt from
:«»'V'ii save the capitation tax t" which
• • reset subject
in in i n up"" which our Govern-huh
f
the express duty of every government to oro-tect
all property alike. The little farm well
tilled by the labor of its occupant and own-er,
as well as the splendid plantation, culti
vated by the labor of a thousand slaves, is
equally to receive the vigilant care and
watchful protection of a henificent govern-ment.
The protection, though thorough and
perfect in each is in proportion to t-e value
of each', and each should contribute to the
support of government in proportion to its
value and no more. It these, my premises
b- com it. .srl ! ipprehend there will bo few
who will deny their correctness, the ques-tion
fairly presents itself: Is it in accordance
with the great principles, upon which our
Government is constructed, that land worth
8400 shall pay the same amount to maintain
and support the Government,and administer
the iaws for its protection as land worth
8100O? All answer: No. Why? Because
one receives just two and a-half times us
much protection as the other. For this rea-son
tho law was changed, Many years ago,
land was taxed per acre, regardless of value,
but the principle was so manifestly unjust
that it was changed, and land taxed ad valo-rem,
or according to its value. If the prin-ciple
is good when applid to land, why is it
not good when applied to other property t—
If it is not right and just and equal to tax
land worth 8400 as much as land worth
81000, by what process of reasoning, do you
arrive at the conclusion that it is right, just
and equal to tax land worth 8400 as much as
a slave worth 81,500. •
Perquimans county pays taxes on all her
land at 814 45 per acre; the land in Jackson
county pays tax on 68-100 per acre, yet the
men of Perquimans do not complain that
theirs is worth 33,1-68 as much per acre as the
land in Jackson, or that they pay tax on
land in proportion to its value. Is it just
and fair and equal to tax land worth 8400,
if you can find a purchaser for it at 1 and 2
.,.,..I i.li\-leal resources of the State, jve«-a•»r"s» c"»redit,> a. s mu-,c.h... as, a s. lave for whom t „ ,:„,„?
you can obtain 81,000 in cash at any timer
Does not slave property require as much
protection as land '. Is it not esteemed of
as much value as land; nay, of more vuluo ?
Is it not by this species ot property and the
mainlainauee of its right, that the peace ol
our nation is constantly disturbed—the
thread of our Union almost broken, and the
feeliugfl of fraternity and fellowship which
ones Maintained, supported and upheld tho
Federal Union sapped' leaving the super-structure
ready to crumble and fall? It is j
objected that the argument adduced from a j
comparison ot laud and slaves is not appo-site,
because slaves are not valuable until
they are 12years old, are subject ts casuali-ties
and disease, have to be supported in old ■
age, and ultimately die. We do not pro- |
pose to tax any slave that has no value — ■
Casuulity and disease heing incident to vi-tality
decreases the value of slaves as it does !
all tithei-things subject to casualty and dis-esse;
hence the value that a slave would have
it not so subject will not bo taxed. We
propose to tax the cash value of slaves as j
other things are taxed. lam told it is un-just
to tax unproductiv slave property. I
answer, that, neither is it just, not to tax.
productive slave property. A i.an has a
negro boy 11, a negro girl" 11, a negro wo-man
51 and a negro man 51, all sound and
healthy ; they might sell in tho maiket to-J
day, tor 84,000; they will uire for 8285.-
found, for 81860, and will produce at a fuir
calculation over and above tho land rent 8-,- j
400, should pay onl\ 86,40 tax. |
Is it right, just and equal, that the Physi-1
elan who receives 81000 for his practhe, out i
of which he has all of his expenses to pay, |
which together with losses from failure to
collect, will not be less than 83.000, leaving a
surplus of one thousand dollars, upon which
he has to pay a tax of 4 per cent, or 840, a
tax equal to the tax upon fifty negroes, .vorth
fifty thousand dollars, and can be sold tor
that amount in cash at any time, can bo hir-ed
out for one year for a clear profit of Si,-
500 ? Tho owner of 850,000 worlb of prop- ;
erty, takes his ease, receive protection from
the Government for that amount of property
and pays 840 tax, white the physician goes
night and day in Summer's beat and Win-tor's
cold, carrying ease and comfort to ihe
afflicted, and gladness to the distressed, must
pay WO out of his hard toil and scanty pit-tance.
I say nothing of some thirty years of »oil
in preparation, and some thousands of dol-lars
spent in money to prepare himself to dis-charge
tho arduous and responsible duties of
that honorable and responsible profession.
Is it just, equal and lair that the man who
sells liquors shall be required by tho State to
pay thirty dollars for the privilege, and then
tax him 10 per cent, upon all the liquors he
buys "and sells," so that die man who sells
81000 worth ot liquors, is required to pay
8130,80 tax to the State for the privilege,
and this not because it is an evil that should
bo suppressed, for the same bill that taxes
foreign liquors 10 per cent, taxes home-made
only0;> per cent, for no oiher reason that I
can see, but to encourage the home manufac-ture.
I say nothing of the policy of the law,
its direct effect being to drive tho trade in
liquors out of tho hands of our own, and
place it in the hands of the foreign merchants.
If you buy brandy in Norfolk for your own
use you do not have tho tax to pay, if of our
•jwn merchants, you have the tax to pay or
our merchants have it to loose.
I express no opinion as to the policy of li-censing
the sale ot liquor, but it is a lawful
business, made so by the State, and should
not bo so unequaWy taxed. This is a tax
equal to that paid by 163 slaves that will sell
in the market for Si44,500 in cash.
Is it just, fair and equal, that a buggy
worth 880 absolutely necessary to the coun-try-
man to take his wife to church shall pay
as much tax as the slave mechanic that made
it wortii $2,000. Vet this is so by the law as
it is now. •
Is it just, fair and equal that a gold-headed
cane, iho present ot a friend, a keep sake
worth inslrinsically only the 85.00 of gold on
the head, shall pay as mu.h annually as 8500
of bank stock pays only once, with all
privileges, the beaded pay
often as the "martins come,'" and as
vast amount of money is to be collected—! in equal progress with the necessities of the
how this tax is to be adjusted so as to bear I times, and transmit her forth as bright as a
with equal force, with properly graduated diamond of tho purest water, and her honors
^"O. 1091
pressure upon all the great interest, of the
State. In looking into tho matter wo find
that nearly all the great interests of State
are being|taxod while tho great interest, that
which of all others has been most benefit-ted
by the expenditures in developeding the
resources of the State pays but a nominal
lax. Hence tho outcry.
as pure as a virgin dedicated to the Vesta—
is that you must tax the ducks chickens,
knives; and forks of all the poor old women I
in the land; and a mighty howl is sent forth I
in favor ot" the dear poor people. Well be it j
so. Gov. Beidj in his message in 1854, re-l
commended a tax on all things ad valorem, |
that the constitution allowed to be taxed.
It is said this debt was contracted under! At the last legislature Mr. Bledsoe, a demo
one system of revenue and should be paid j cratic Senator from Wake County, introdu-under
tho same system—that it is not right | ted a bill to alter the constitution, so as to
lax all things equal, negroes included: and'
the Democratic resolutions deem it the duty l
of tho legislature, when passing acts for
to create a debt under one system and pay it
under another. The answer to this is that
when tho debt was created land and polls
alone was taxed, and if it is unjust now to \ raising the revenue, so to adjust taxation as.
bring in negroes it is unjust to bring in the
other articles some 28 or 30 in number which
are now taxed; among which are the bone
to bear as equally j.s practicable, within the i
limits of the constitution, upon the various
interest and classes of property in all sections !
and brain of the "toiling million." It ccr- of the State, including these self-same geese
tainly is not sound political economy, sound
morality or sound common sense to say that
which for years has been fostered, shall not
be called on to contribute in emergency to
tho public relief
It Is said it Will injure the institution to
tax negroi'sas property and not as persons.
We have the saino old cry of wolf! wolf!— j ducks and < hickens included, except rich old
For twenty years it has been that }Tou could j women's slaves: and we propose so to alter
propose nothing, do nothing, say nothing but; the constitution as to tax rich old women's j
what some over wise over watchful dema- slaves: according to value. We do not pro-j
ducks, knives and torksand poor old wornens I
caps; but strange to tell, leaving out the dar-kies
"at this time," lest they disturb some of
the sectional compromises of the constitution
State or Federal.
Everything in North Carolina is taxable:
now according to its value. Poor old women's
Id!
I
filled in the public service, it was with no
expectation, no wish and no intention of ev-er
again mingling in the scenes of public life
I have, accordingly, with the partial restor-ation
of my health, abstained from all panic
ipation in political action of any kind; part-ly
because I have found a rdore congenial,
and, as 1 venture to think, a more u»etul <»v-enpalion
in seeking to rally the utiections ol
my countrymen, North ai>d South, to thai
great name and precious memory which ar.
left almost al ine of all the numerous kindU
associations which once bound the dilTcrcni
sections of tho country together: anJ also
because between the extremes of opinion thai
have long distracted and now threaten In
convulse the country, 1 And no middle
ground of practical usefulness on which ■
friend of moderate counsels can stand.
It having been suggested to me notwith-standing
these avowals, that 1 might be
thought of at the Union Convention, as a
candidate (bribe Presidency, [requested, b)
telegraphic message and by letter Ihatm^
name, it brought forward, might be with-drawn.
It is true that in tlnse cuirnuuiea-tinns
I had onlv in view a nomination to the
and philanthropic associations of the i n
try are sundrcd, and tho kindly social i
tinnsof North and fiou'h seriously impm
The national House of Representative. In.,
ering on the verge of anarchy, rcqain -
weeks to effect the organisation, which i
to be t*ie work of an hour, sud it bold* iis.
■sessions (many of its members, 1 am la
utned with concealed weap«ns,^on thecru-i
fa volcano. The candidates for the l'r--.
de icy, representing reaps-lively the J
miint sectional ideas, will, at the en-election,
in all probability, be support* I
» purely geographical vote. In other word-,
we are already brought to a pass at which
North and South cannot and will not 00-ep.
••rate in the periodical reorgunicatiou of •.!• •
government.
Can such a state of things long eontiiim .
«'S|M cially with the ever present risk .. i, •
i-tuse* ol exasperation ? I own that it M
to me impossible unless some healing Door»
is adopted, thai the catastrophe, whici tl
iiasn nf good cilir.enn ao much depri (
should be much longer delayed. A spirit ol
■ patriotic moderation mutt be called tnlo
ion throughout the Union or it will Base
pose, however, to form a tax bill and engraft
It upon tho constitution ; but to strike an j
odious, unjust and unequal principle from tho
.onstitution, and to place a just and equal
principle in its place,and leave tho legi-lature |
in its wisdom to say w-liat and how and
gogue would sing out. look sharp, hold
on you'd min the negro interest. Would
you adjust the tariff so as foster American
interest and promote homo manufactures?
The consumer not the producer pays the du-ty,
you'll ruin the negro interest. Would you
di.-taibute the proceeds of the sales of the I when it is necessary to exempt' and if they
public lands so as to afford facilities for the | deem it necessossary to tax the poor old wo-!
education of the poor and otherwise devel j men's ducks and geese, let them at least!
oping tho mental, moral and physical wealth I have the powei to tax the rich old women's I
ot the nation, you'll create a necessity for tax-' darkies.
ation, by a diffident revenue and injure the j I make no war upon the rich men, no war
institution. Would you construct works \ upon the poor mot:; we propose to tax rich |
of'improvements facilitate intercourse and i men and poor men alike, and we propose to I
the moans of transportation you'll bring ! tax property that is taxed equal. If much is!
the prod nets of the West into competition i in the hands of one man' let him pay much'
with products ofslave labor and ruin the in-1 if little, let bhn pay littlo. Weq>roposo to
stitution. Would you harmonize conflicting i tax the rich accoiindg to his wealth, and the
interest and perpetuate the Union are base I poor according to ins povert}-.
submissionists, pandering to the enemies ofj . — ._
the South, you'll ruin the institution. Would Mr. Everett's Letter of Acceptance,
you take the negroes from an equality with j Dear Sin—It has become my agreeable do-while
men and by the constitution tax them j ty; a8^presiding officer ofthe National I
as property, still the cry is hold on, look I nk)n Convention, which terminated its see-sharp,
you'll injure the institution. Negroes j sion iu tbJ80jty |an evei ing, to inform you
by our laws are property, and as property that you have received the nomination of that
we wish them taxed. They are persons, as | hiidv as its candidate for tho office of Vice
Presidency, none other having been suggest | lly be oroken up. Unless the warfare
ed to me; but all the reasons above Indies | d.uuatory speeches and incendiary publi
ted which led me in advance to decline seel ; lions is abandoned, and gt»>d cilisens, ns in
a nomination, apply with equal force to t .. : 1776, and 1787, North and South, will i;
\ ne Presidency. These reasons, of coiir- .. d>sl wild the name elements of disc i1
exist in unimpaired force, and I cannot now | ;„r tfcej existed then as now as our fat I
take an active pait in polities without aban-doninga
deliberately formed purpose, and]
even exposing myself to the Haftpii ion ol in- ,
sincerity iu its persi-tent avowa
personn WO wish them represented and pro-tected,
and we demand, that this the great
President of the United States.
It would be tar beyond my power to cou-
Without dwelling upon tiiese considera-tions,
of which however, 1 am sine tin
weight will be admitted, I beg leave to avert
tor a moment to my connection wiih the
movement for the purchase ol IfI. Vermin,
to which your letter alludes in such oblig-ing
terms. The favor which has attended
my exertions in that cause (if J may with-out
indelicacy say anything on that sub-ject)
iir.s been mainly the result of my known
and recognised disconnectioa from parti
politics. It it could have been even plaasl
lily insinuated that 1 was,or intended to be-come
a candidate for high political honors, I
-hould, :n my various excursions in aid ol
that fund, have laid myself open to the im
puta ion of speaking one Word for Mount
voriion and two tor myself. As it i- th<
people throughout the Union have generous-ly
given me credit for having a single eye in
that meritorious object. As far as the per*
chase of Mount Version is concerned, that
object has been effected, under the judicious
leak witn them, we shall but for a I'ery to
veais longer be cv n nominally bretln in ..•'
• ie family The suggestion that the Union
i .in b/- man pined hy the numerical prc.i m •
iinice and military prowess of one sac
xcrted to coerce the other into auhmss: in.
is, iu my judgement, as self contradict. i\ a ■
ii is dangerous, It comes loaded with the
death smell from fields wet with brothers
blood. If the vital principle of a!| republican' ■
government is "the content of the govern."!,
mieh more does a ani n ofco-equal sever
.-uates require, as its basis, the harm n :
its members and thevoieeterjr ae-aperation
in its organic tunlious.
Believing, for these reasons, that healing .
.•'inns Is must be listened to, if we are mm-h
longer to remain one people, I regard th- n.
Naiiouul Union Convention as a movem
in the right direction. I could wish lh.it it
had peea earlier assembled, with less exelo
sfee reference to onieial nomination", end
with a moro^comprehensive represontati . i
if possible, of the conflicting opinions of thi
country. On general principles and ii
nary times I admit that third parties an
jectionable; but in tho existing state ol :i
and efficient management el tho liegentsot fairs, it there is to be any escape from the
gold-headed cane paving i
tax as often *
much, within HScents, as the two most valua- I
ble slaves iu the State.
Is it just, equal and fair that a Station worth
81000 if he stands at 825 shall pay 825 tax
when the slave that grooms him worth 81000 ;
pays 80 cents only. The one thousand dol-lare
property paying 31', times as much as ]
the other, and properly too, subject to cas-ualty
and disease and that must ultimately
die. . t
Is it equal, fair and just that the physi !
cian, lawyer, Hank officer, the mei chat's clerk ,
interest shall contribute its just and equal VCy toycu an adequate impression of the in-!
proportion to the general charge and expen | »eBge ardor and enthusiasm with which the
Ie. Without the formal-1
iame was on every lip, I
h loud acclamations, com-j
patriotic hearts.
worth at least 250,000 so that 180,000 blacks i -. aoceessfu
valued at say 150,000.000 of money received upon-a ft s pure has ^ff^^ff^
protection from the Government w.thou •'--' 01K-\ nominal tax upon tho
paying one cent towards Us support, and has I '*> u ? ,, , , w'|lj|o thl,
this 300,000,000 of property paymg, by tb. ; ^JtSK £» dm » manifestly „,
last O^^^^f^A^^^^Jt^^l!!; i equal and oppressive, tho vholo revenue sys-
Let us apply this non-productive thcorj eaj. M „„,„, JW t„ U.ar wil|, ,,,.
to the land. By the best computation only , ^;^XSn|7owor upon the 4-
the "rich richer
like a parchment £•"",'~interest w rniilons"pays •$7«,008,05
Money vested in liquors1879 948 $8,799,43
Selling and buying slaves 884,900 ei,2«8.00
Merchants capital II million pays $C6,868.9H
dituro. I nomination was ma
Then every man in the Stato will have an i -tv ota ballot, year
interest in slave property at least in so far as an(j was Sl(]upied wi
it bears its equal proportion of the taxes; and | i„j,f,.0iii grateful ai
theiiisiitut'Ou will he greatly strengthened by State alter Stato vied with each other for
the change Ge rgia, Tennessee, Kentucky,! thepiivilcge of reniteringlo you its tribute
Florida, Texas. Missouri, Louisiana and I be j 0f affectionate homage and admiration,
lieve every Stat« south of this, taxes slave J jne nj^|, estimate of your valuable public
property according to its value. Is theinsti , 8t.rvices entertained; by the whole country,
tution weakened by it in these states? Are j an(j ,|l0 ulliVcrsul gjralitede excited by your
they not as sound as we are? They think J voluntary efforts as* a private citizen to im-j
they are sounder. We are told if the change |IUC lno minds of your countrymen wiih.
is made, the Baft will pay more than her pro-, i'0(.|in„.s „| |0ve and veneration tor ihe char-porth.
n ot the taxes. The East will pay ac-1 actt.r „| Washington, and respect for his ex-.
cording to the value of her property, no ani|,]e and teachings, were reflected by the
more, no less. Each man East and V\ est will j (Convention in a manner al once impressive,
pay according to the value of his property | appropriate and gratifying.
no more no less, and all property will pay (t was believed, moreover, that the asso-according
to its value. If the principle is i ,.j.,tion ()f your name with thai of John Bell,
right I (are not upon whom it falls. Uepub- j ag candidates for the highest offices in the
lican liberty teaches equal taxation and pro- gift of the nation, would of itself constitute
lection and equal taxation and rcpresenta-1 an irresistible appeal to the patriotism, loyal-tion,
and we propose to make our conslitu- ty and national spirit of tho whole Ameri-I
tion so that it the East has moro tax to pay. can j^0pfo
the East, will have an increase ot rcpresenta- In this season of discord and distraction,
lion in proportion, bat the fact is that tho wc re,.| jt t<) i,e a paramount duty to make
political West will have the largest in -reuse ; a|, carlR.sl, effort toirevive sentimentsol har-|
of taxation and the real West has ihu lar- nu>nv :llu| brotherhood between the differ-gest
amount ofslave holders although thege- enl Slates and sections of our Union.
ograpiiical East has the largest amount ot | uye were nol ignorant of your cherished |
slave aroperty. j purpose to decline in future the cares and j
It is said if you tax negroes as property, | [,OBors of official station ; yet wo do not per- j
you drive them out of the State Where Will J mi( ourselves to doubt that the same Sviiti- j
you drive to? All tho slavo States South,| men$of patriotism which your votes and
tax negroes as properly according the value, sample have inspired iu the hearts of oth-
All I have to say to this is, that any man , ers W||i pr ,.,ipt youlto yield to the call uow
who will leave the a State because he and his , mH(\e Up„,| yUU hy a large and respectable
property have to bear their just and equal J portion ot your eouiilryinwn.
iroiiorlion ot tho expenses of the Govern- \ j llave llie honor to be, with high respect,
iiis county for his county's isIV0B- obedient servant.
I WASHINGTON HUNT,
the Association, with the aid ot their active
and intelligent assistants throughout the
Union. But a sum of mon-y equal to that
already raised is Still wanting tor the re-pair
Ol the. mansion, the enclosure of the
land purchased, the restoration of the house
and grounds, as far as practicable, to their
condition in 1860, and the establishment el a
permanent fund for their conservation. I
own kbat I am desirous still to enjoy the
privilege of cooperating in this noble work.
present ill-omened conflict, il would
that a commencement must be made with
such a meeting as that of the 9th uod 10th ul
Baltimore, ft Wat• fair representation i
the conservative opinion of the eounny, an I
the calmness, gravity and good feeling with
which its proceedings were conducted cm
not bo loo highly praised.
Iu adopting as its platform the const Pil-lion,
without note or comment, tho Convi i
lion, us its seems It rac, pursued a wise Sfi I
Which, however, it will be impossible for me' patriotie course. No other course was tboaj
to do to any advantage, whatever may be : of in the eurlier days of the republic. I
ihe result ot the present canvjiss. ill am now lionneering platforms are almost, with
drawn Into the vortex «.f a strenuously con j exception, equivocal and delusive.
tested election. Then are many parlsol ltisohjec'ed that men difier ns to the
the country which 1 have not yet visited. 1 ! meaning of the fundamental law, but tl. .
bad promised myselfa rich harvest from the differ test less as touny gloss or Bjemmonlu-patriotic
liberality of the States on the Gulf! tf. The constitution, iu its fair and natural
of Mexico, and of those on the Missippi riv- I interpretation, is the only basis on which
cr, i which 1 have nit yet been able to visit, ; g"od citizens, in vvcry part of lbs count r\ .
with the exception ol Missouri, though often -can now unite; and any attempt to go fur
kindly invited,., and 1 confess thai it is very j tber will usually huvc no other effect than
painful to me to withdraw from that broad I Uxause those who agree on great practical
field of congenial labor to tread the thorny j principles to differ on metaph^ isical subtle
and thankless paths of politics. ties, or to bring together, by artfully con-
Apart from the pecuniary aspect* of the case, istraeied phrases mid from selfish motr
which, however, are of considerable impor. • those who have nothing ol-ein common,
tame, 1 will candidly say, that in holding Tno candidate for the Presidency pi■■■■
up to the admiring veneration of the A mer-; ted by the I nion Convention is every *
lean people the peerless name of Wa-liiny ton ! Worthy of confidence and support. I si
'almost the only bond of fraternal sentiment j from personal knowledg- and long .
which the bitterness of our sectional contro-i turn with III HI in the public service. Iiis d
versics has left usi. I teel .is it' I was doing
more good, ns lar as I am able to do an\
good, and contributing more to revive the
kindlj feeling which once existed between
North and South, and which is now, I griev.
Iiuguisbed talenls, largeexiierience iaefl
proved integrity and sterling pMlri"tism for
iiiah tee amplest pledge for an honest and el'
lieiciit administration of the government
h ..ne and abroad. A cit.sen of the H«U
to say, nearly extinct than 1 could possibly laud loial to her constitutional rights hi- .
.
hills are rolled togethe
scroll.
It is said these lands have increased in val
ue; so they have, and in taxes in a four-fold , ^j— u™K,m .". 1,11
proportion. Land ir. 183. in Paeoootank gfcB^«w,0fl0pays *3.-^i
was valued at 85 per acre and paid one-twen-1 To sm|e t,.e prineiple jiffelvll,iy J8S8-'9
tieth of one cent an acre. Ini 1857 it w"s ., rrfX) worth of ,,lua j.uvs W.O"
valued at twelve dollars and taxed accor- j 15no worth of slavc-s pays W
dingly. Land has advanced in eighteen j j^uo money loaned pays 6.00
years one hundred and twenty per cent; and j l.jfio dividened and profits pays 6.00
taxation, 8 fold. Negroes have advanced! I.SO0 aete shsTiag paja b.m
i.iiauuii, •"• s, 1 f,00 iicuro truUuie pays '•'>"
two hundred per cent, and tax 4 tod. }«« ^ %*%** ,.-,,,„.
Negroes should not be taxed we are told,' ^500 irearms pays at f10 285,00
when young because they have to be fed and ( Bwerd canes pays at $5 460,00
clothed. Vacant land has to bo ditched, | 1,000bankditridsaedspays ■ 7,60
cleared and fenced. Land that increases in : And so on through every article upon
! value from fencing, ditching and clearing, is ■ w|,ich tax is raised yea will see only ine
taxed upon its increased value. Negroes pay j quality, injustice and oppression,
all the same. We are told, all this does well enough to
The resolutions of the opponents of equal i talk of and complain about : but it all a-tax
say they oppose this change "at this mounts to nothing; land and negroes pa;,
lime" because it is "premature, impolitic, ! all the taxes now, and will continue to pay
dangerous and unjust"—unjust means acting | it all after you change the constitution 1 u
••contrary to the divine right, not equal."— I this the friends of equal tax say, if this he so
Now it it is unjust it cannot be premature, I you have only to gratify us poor simpletons
for that means "ripe before the time." if the upon the old prineiple 0 saving
prop.
incut, "leaves
good."
We are asked, how is it? You have ail-along
been opposed to the principle of ad va-lorem,
in raising revenue tor the Federal
Governmen; how is it? Have you been
struck with now light that yon arosostrenu
and
To no; HON. EDWABD EVKKETT.
MR.. EVERETT TO HON. WASHINGTON lit NT.
BOSTON, May 29, 1860.
ously alV0 at.ng what youWe so Ion* My Pea" Sir :-I have duly received your
ardc.isly contended ogain-l? Firs,, the differ- letter of tho 1 lth. ... which you inform me
jctwcen tho two, is about the same
between a hawk and a handsaw We did not
officially that the National C
tion, recently in session at Baltimore,
done me the honor to nominate me as
lion Conveii- j
had !
.'—the great principle upon w
id<
.. iilial tiinl conciliatory course as n pa
oi:tn .iff-ids a ground on which he San be
-iippirted in their section of ihe esantry,
without dereli-tion of principle, and by n
ot all pu'M.s. wiih.mi a painful sacrifl--
■ .riner pr> . ■ i-nci s.
I>-■ • • j>13 regretting i hat the (Jonvetitioi h
not pu: it in my power to pay an i.ipiallx
dial and emphatic tribiito to aomu Worl
candidate lor the Vies Presidency, but I
ing it ;• duty !o give the dchiied proof •'
-vnipathy with their patriotic sffortsto #
oi:inc.'.nauJn'io what lu'in 'ed'Vo believe a I ^"ro «*• ''"I'j'^ d ■ †"' .'"•olbur:v
public duty, it has been urged upon me, M»tweentewdiaWsotmmUumefaw belos
and 1 cannot deny tiiat sucii is my own f.-el- j •MIBtrj i
ing, that we have fallen upon tunes which I
call upon all good citizens, at whatever cost
do i»y engaging iu the nr-tehrd scrsmbl
tor otii.-e, wh ch is one greal 8>uiee of lie
dangers thai threaten ihe country.
These considerations, and others of a still
more personal nature, have necessarily oc-casioned
me to reflect long »'i'l snawualj
before accepting l he nmninat ion with which
the Union Convention has honored me In
y ieldiag at length to the earner t solicita-tions
which have been addri s»ed to me. from
the most ii spec!able sources in almost every
part of the Lnion, 1 make a painfhi sacrifice
I remain, dear air. sincerely yoarji
EDWARD kVKKKTI
lies we can retaliate for the enormous tax I of the eonservative
reason that | oeived, mv warmest thanks are due.
r •• i —the gnat Democratic idea
. quality, is, that protecti- Ii and al-
• - .. equal and c..-extensive- Al-
; proteciio. are iwo-t.dd, natu-
.n ; expn seed. E- cry citizen
plu d ail gi.ini e to the
.is born and
. . j-, -i governim n's
... i i| ..i i, - . i ./,. • -■†in ti.i
•• . iii-ni of all their personal
- lud immunities Personal
• o . . the nghl of ;ill men
;.. ..il men. The peasant,
I ell collage, as the lllllio-uig
in ail the blandishm 'its ■■!
J | 1 splendor, should, for this purpose,
• im ..i .,• personal liberty, contribute
• .\|.re-s allegiance proceeds Ir- m an
' ' ■•■-.!! \ in an alien; and liinds him to
j rforiiiauce of all the services doe
• • upon the express condition
' '■† rernmeui will extend to him the
1 . -. i-i- -aiue immunities and privi-s-
: it doej to native citizens. It is
tor Detore tnc tune. nine-upon me om |""" 'p- « ■■*, j«--- ••■-
thine is contrary to the divine right, the time land manners. V.u stop clamor witlioui
w ill ^never come for its malurity. It there- I cost; you greatly oblige us without disobl.g-fore
cannot be premature. They say it is i ing yourself. We are told the people have
itie, it is dangerous. Im|silitic means j been paying tax as now sir.ee 1885, and no
adapted to injure the public interest, "not one has complained of us injustice the sud
suited to promote private interest." Danger- den outcry ? Up to the year 1854 the tan
oos means causing risk of evil. Well if it is was s.. small that no one troubled bimseli to
unjust, contrary right, it will injure the I inquire into the sources from which the rev-
,ublie interest, and cause evil But 'tis just
in re we join issue and say it is just, equal and
fair.
Is it just, lair and equal to tax land three
imes as much in proportion to its value to
eiiiio was derived. The Stale was clear ol
debt—her entire n venue was from 70 lo 75
thousand dollars, the proportions contribu-ted
bv each individual being too small In
arrest attention much less to excite impiir\
you left ad valorem f
came to it?
Il is said, the State Constitution is one ol
the compromises; and those compromises
Should be strictly adhere to. If there was
it was that negroes should
me with this mark of its confidence, and t
myself, to explain, loth as I am to dwell on
matters ol personal interest of no importance
to the public.
Ins generally known that have, for
defray the expenses of Government as slaves |—Whether wisely or not the State is involv-
¥ x __ . i -.1 .1.1 .. , A :.* •laaaWl i.fn-iioidivn «rwt ■Usaalt.tWa <ii' 1 *' * *1* that have for years, been protected without
the payment of any tax. *ill pay tax only
tor a season and then be protected tax free
Is it fair, equal and jus' that the Overseer
t.h»ll pay 10,89 cents lux out of his salary ot
goOO it v**r :o snnjMirt the Government while ,
the eig.i p »wn bauds and six young negroes i to bo met by taxes collected fro
three old men worth at the lowest caicii- | pie, which taxes will soon reach
ed in debt prospective and positive of 12 or
13 million- of money with Winks ot improve-ment
begun and projected, involving an out-lay
of many millions more, with a system of
Normal schools yst in its infancy to be im-proved
and extended—all ol which will have
' from tho pen-more
than
atiofl *r'5W> and can be reduced to cash at a million of money n year. As prndenl
that price al any moment, will hire the s~me then, as wise guardians of tho public weal.
length of time and have their food and clothes it becomes every cilizeu to inquire how this
of personal convenience, to contribute their
share, however humble, to the public service.
1 suppose it lo bo the almost universal in»-
iression—it is certainly mine thai the ex-isting
st ate ofaffairs is extremely mtieaL—
Our political controversies have substantial
ly assumed almost a purely sectional cl srao
ter—that of a fearful struggle between the
North and the South. It would nol be dilficiilt
Io show at length the perilous nature and
tendency ol this struggle, bm 1 can oniy say.
on this occasion, that, iu my opinion, it can
II<■ l be much longer kept up without rending
I the lnion I do not mean that either of the
! great parties In tho country doaireaor aims
■ at a separation of the Sates as a tinnl ohjee,
I although there are extremists in considerable
. numbers who have that object in view.—
i Whiles potent end a balefel influeeoe is ex-by
men of this clasc in both sections of the
Union, a portion of the conservative masses
The T'ini t'hamjfd.—Less than one \
ago. when Ihe CoiiHiitufon was the r
meed urcaa of the"Administration, " it ftei i :.
'•All Democrats profess to stand in.
Cincinnati platform. If they stand
where dse. or if, to suil their own purpose
they choose lo make additions to, or en'i n»
■ hitions of, thai authoritative ajspositl '':
Democratic, taith. they become sehisnalii
it not erniel renegades."
Now, since it has become the "organ" I
Slidell Bright A Co., the lun« is ailogelhei
i hanged, and the Cincinnati platform i-tbing
but satisfactory. It suits thos.? not
|Militical managers, who now control it.
insist ujKin "additions" thereto—fiir m«t;i"
a "slave code"—or ihey thnaten to di
the party—as ie evidenced by their si
..--fid attempt to bronk up ihe Cha:
Convention. According lo tho doctrin.
But the cap stone ol the edifice of the op-ponents
ot eqnul taxation—the crowning
glory—the culminating argument Bgsinsl
this fair, just and equal mode of raising
the revenue, necessary to defray tho ex-penses
ot the Government—to develop the
resources of the State—to educate tho toil
ing millions—lo teach tbo blind to read, tin
dum to write—lo provide a home for raving
maniacs and keep the good old North Slate
are insensibly and gradually goadsd into con- i forth b3" the organ, loss than DM year a,
eiu-reiice with opinions and -cnluneiits with , the firm of "Slidell, Bright & Co." Ol
which, in the outset, they had no sympathy. ; therefore, to be regarded as '-schismat
Meantime, almost wholly neglecting 1 lie not actual renegade-."—AMefl d Ukto*
main public interests, our political contra ' _ - — m • » — -
renive turn more and mor questions in ..L;t(|,. A(.» we are pleased to hear. .
reference t Mi , it tvi(ll „ niNh- Wllll ,„ud „,, llhl|
,itf in Paneuil flalli last December : great, sections of the country differ irreco 1 curledJ.. Tho nnuummtb*eerrooif subscrriiberrs stt ttihn.
I did not Supposi that anything could OC- ci.ably. thougn there is noth.ng praeHea.lv ,„.,„.,,,-„„. j,,,,,.,,, No. amounted to fi
cur which would n'ako me think it my duty in.p--.ian, at stake w liten re.piircs he disci- ; „u^ Ad~^,a:ty ,„s tali
tTai-Tear again on'tlus platform on any oc- sion to be kepi up. These cof,trovers.es are |
casionofn politici) character ; and had tin-lies
are i * 11 tj
... grow less.—JitrniU.
bitter-; B
meeting been of a thirty nature or designed
to promote any petty purposes, I should not
have been here. When compelled by the
prostration of my health, five years ago, to
resign IM distinguished place which I then
carried on with steadily incrca-ing
nessand exasperation. The pa-sioiiH thus;
j kindled have already led lo ads ol \ iolence [tenth oi Hon. 82m M BumUfki.—11
and bloodshed, approaching to civil war in SlusM Burroughs, member of Congrcs-'-
' the Territories and atiempud s.-rvilo tnswr ji he 31st district of New Vur';,(!ici .
rcctioii in the Slates. The great religious j residence in Miedina on thei id iustaul.