The Greensborough patriot [March 16, 1841]

              EENSBOROUGH PATRIOT.
VOLUME III.
iViii.i.-ni:i> V. :: iKLV.
m S\» MM fc "!!I.UH««I>.
(.IvFsF.XSBO.lOUGll, N. O, TUESDAY, MARCH 16, 1841.
i i::; ..I .-':
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lliMrilllli III II Will III
ill ciarUlllU.H III plilVi
pi-Wcl Will.hi ill. 'I I
ei plihic ol division,
niajuiil] hinl ih
grarili il ami ol
r lam r i" also suss
lulu power »hn li
right to gram, but
winch tin > did not think proper In In
inisi lo tin ir agents, ami Hint which tl'< )
could i.oi Inie (tinted, PC* being pos-semrd
by llu uisclvcs. In oilier words,
iIn ii- are ceiuin right* possessed b)
each inditidual American ciliseii, which,
in hi» compact with ibr olhi i», be baa
novel aurieiiili n il. Some of tbeiii, in-ih
i il, In- is unable In surrender, lieing m
ihi langaige ol our system iiiinln IMIIII .
Tbe.boaMcd privilege nl a Roman cm-found
M contain\occasion to npeci the aaauiauces I have
In ralofon given, of my determination lo
ain al Ihe |n.-«n ■- ol Ihai leudency, il II
really exists, anil restore Ihe government
IO Hi pris'inc hedllh and vigor, ai far aa
this can he • flVclcd by any legitimate ex-
•■Mian of ihe peWOI placed in my handa.
I proceed lu alate, in aa auiuiuary a
manner aa I can, my opinion of ibe sour,
cea of the t-vila which have been ao ex-tensively
eiiinplniiiv.il of, and ihe cum c
tivea winch may lie applied. Some of
Ihe former are unquestionably lo be
Iniiiiil in Ihe ih li cl« of Ihe Constitution;
other*, in my judgment, are attributable
to a uusenmiruciioii of MIIIIII of ilsprov
zuiwaslo him a shield only against • »iuna. Ol Ihe former la ihe eligibility ol
Tin: si »i ••> 5- ML i. t;::s<5>s
lit"
GF.N. WILLIAM . MKNISV HARRISON
MAHOH 1,1841,
On entering upon the duties of the ullicu of
President of the United Kutea.
Called fmm a re I in inent which I bad
mpposcd IVU to i tinin- (or the reaidue
of my life, in nil ili- Chiel Bwetllivi
Office of this gn it and free Nation, I
appear before )■>», fcllow-citis in, to
take Ihe oat ha which the Conalitulion
prescribe-, i« ■ ncci-sary qnaliHeaHon
for the performance of it" dutien. Ami
in obedience In a custom coeval with mil
Government, and what I lulu vein he
your especialinna, I proceed to prcaenl
to you a * mart of 'hi priueipli a which
will govern me in ibe" d.schurge nl ihe
linn. - which I Khali be called upon !■.
perform*
It was the remark of a Roman Con-till,
in mi early period of ibal eeieTJrVi H
Republic, that a moel (inking coniraat
was observable in the condnci of candt
datea for offices ol fjbwci antitrust, be-
"fore and nfu r nbuiiilug 'hi in—they »»•.
fliini carrying not, in Ihe latter case, ihi
pledges and promises made in the for
tner. However much the world mat
have improved, in many respects, iifcl
pi it) pioviocial ruler, wlnlal the proud
democrat of Athens could console him-si
II under a sentence ol death, for a sup-posed
violunon ol the national faiih,
which no one understood, und which al
limed was the *nhl' cl ol the lln-cki IV of
all, or ibe banishuieol tmm his home, bis
liiuiily ami Ins ciiuntM, with or without
all alii (-nl cause; thai H was Ibe SCI,
not nl n single It rant, or hand Sllsloe.
racy, but ol Ins ISM wbled coui.iryuiim.
Kir il'fl- ri nl is ihe pnWi r of our soto*
leiiiiiiy. Il can inleit' n- wilh no one s
I i III, piesenhe I rmsjfjf wi i-hip for nv
nm '« oluii rv ir.ei , mil el no pui—huieni
bill iflei well saceiUinod guilt, the ro-ihe
ssme iniliiuluul lo s ncroud term ol
ibe Presidency. The ssgacioua unud ol
Mr. Ji 11- ison early saw and lamented
this i nor, and alii mpla have been made,
huh. no wnhool success, lo apply tin
.iiiii-uil.itory powi r ol the Slalea lo il
c.irncti n. As, however, one mode ol
•oiriotloii ia in Ihe power ol eVeiy Ple-
-uli nl, und CIIIISI ipidiv in mine, il wonlii
lie iiseli ss, and perhaps mvidiuus, to
euiimeiale the evils ol which, in the o-pinion
nt wan) ol our fallow -Clltieiii,lbia
i nor ol Hie sages tubs) fiuuied Hie Con-vntuiiou
may have hewn ihe auurce, and
lhi bull r Units winch we aie still to
gather fruaa it, if iieojitiuuealodiafiguri
-nil of investigation Ulidel rulrl pre. lour system. It may be observed, bow.
si-ribid by ihe Constitution itself. These I ever, aa a general remark, thai Republics
pi. cious | imh ees, ami those scarcely Ican cwunii gruak-r eirnr UIJJI lo a
leas inipoii.-iut, nl giving i-xpnssion 'lOjdopl or oiuilmue any I. an re in then
h's Ihouglll' and opiiiiiin.-, either by wri-1 ay* ems el (iovi riiim lit which may be
■ ing or speuking, uiireatn Ibm hi lln calculsled lo crealt or ineftaaj thu Ion
liability for injiit) to olhem.'awd that oflol power, in ihe bosoms of ihose lo
iifill participation in all tin a-U .ini.-in - j wlmui mc-.-s.fj olilgea lllem In com
which I!-»• from ibe Uovi rnun i', tin I the inanngi i t of their affairs. And,
•cknowleiig.d propi rlj i.l all, Ibe Am.-r- I surely, nothing is more Irhi ly loprodiwe
ii-an en z. n ibm&f^ttma no chattel siich a slate ul mind ilian the long con-framed
h. ln« li 11*35 man. He claim! I nuance «f an office of high trust. No-iheii.
btcntrac lu- is bui-M II a mm, fash tlii'ig ran be mole cirrupiing, Nothi ig
d by the same Alllllgllt) band as ill r. destructive Ol all those noble feel
real of ins,sp'ens, and entitled lo a fml lings which lielnnglolhe eharaclel of a
-hire ol ihe Wefsinea with which bu has devuled rrpubwean pimu:. When this
.ndownlllieu. NoiHiihsiiiiiil.na Hi. h leoriuping pa.-iou lakes possession Ol
lapse of upwards of two thous.iiid vests mill d smen i«iitv pnssea* d In the !'• '»• | tin Inuiian unuil, like the low ol gold,
since Ibe remark waa made by the vn. ,.]e ol the Cmied Siat.s, and'-tlie re-jjt hucouniimsaliablu. It is Ibo nevei
tuoiis and mi! ml Roman, l fear thai a slricleil grant ol power lo the (Jovirii. dying worm in Ins bosom, grujga with
strict cxainin.-itm-i of the annals of « | .... nl winch llu have adopted, enough Ins grow Ih, m.d slrci.gihu.s with the de.
of ih.- modem eler.livo gover it-, I has becu'.g.ven to a»sjnmpluh all ihe ob cl g years ol i s vicluil. Il ibis is
would deveiope similar instances ol no I jecls foi which il was created. Il baa true, it is the purl ..f wisdom lor a K
larejl confidence. I uei n louud powi iful in war. and, hither- pi.hue lo liiml Hie service ol ill.t olfjo. i,
f^StKniigli the fin nf Ihe People hn« 11», juslice has been niluiiiiisiered, an iir al least, to wu ahe lias entrusted tu
'p<iti» forth, prncltiniiiig me Ihe Cbn-I innate union tllicied, dmnesiic Ir.iiiqin I inanaginn ul nl her foreign relations, tin
Mai'iairate of tin* glorious Union, Il- lily preserved, and personaUOjiuil) se-1 ex.culionof In I laws, and the coiuin
ing 0|»n their part nmiiiniiig to lone, cured to the cilTz n. Aa win"to he etc ol In armies m.d naYies, In a pt-rind si,
it "nay be thought thai a uioitvc may i .v pected, ho'wi ri r, frmn Ihe d- feet of lun-^ahurl is lo pn v. m Uia lurgi liiug that h
jat to keep up'the delusion under which I gunge, and ibe necessnrtli sentcnliotis is Ihe uccn able agent not the pruici.
they may bo rii|iposed lo have acted in mammr in which il"- Cotistilulioii is;pal; ihu siivuni, imt i|iemasler. I mil
relation lo my principles and opinions;, wrillcn, disputes have arisen aa fn tin- a-1 an amimlmenI ol Hie « . -
ibis
i"
and perhaps lln re may In
assembly who have come lure either pre-pared
lo condemn Ihose I shall now de-liver,
or, approving Ibern, to doubt tin
■iuecritv wilh Which they arc uttered.—
IJijt tile lap e of a felt ulnnlhl will con.
linn or dispel their f. :irs. Tho outline
of principles lo govern, ami measures lu
be adopted, by an Administration not yi i
begun, v II sum he i xchauged for in.-
mutable In-'iiiy, and I ill ill stand, ctlhci
esoncralud by my coujtirymcn, or class-ed
with lire mass nf those who promised
that Ihey might deceive, and flattered [ol the O
with tin-int-. on lo l.i.-tra;.. However jceived ih
alrong may be Hi) presonj purpose in re-aliz.-
the ejcpceiartons of a inagnanimoiis
and confid ma People, I t < ••• well umler-stand
Ibe d niierniis lemptationi to which
I slia'l be e.vpi... d ftnin lliemagntliidi
of tin- powei which n has been the plea
sure ul In People 10 Commit 10 in;
hands, not lo place pjy chief confidence
upon ihe aid of that Almighty power
winch his hitherto protected me,and i n.
jii>I. il in.-in bring lofrfvorahlo issues wh-at
important but still greatly infeimr
trusts, heretofore confidi d to me by mi
country.
The broad Ibundatioii upon nhich o.ir
Constil ul ion testa being the Peopb—i
iiciuuilt
ul.
ti.
il. ■ lli el- d, pill
the- di sued uhji
e in by ten. w nu lln
HI.i, ihat, under no
lie opmiim may si cur.
-I. I glVC mi aid to II.
pledge in ri lofore given,
reumslaiices, will I cm
iiinunt of |«IWI r « Inch it
Uiunti d, or was mi mi- .1 in
Tins is mure p irliculailv
relation lo thai purl ol Ibe insli
which treats of the lesi-lalive branch.-*- sent Id sewo a second
And tint only as r, garda Ihe i \- re f But H there is diuu-er lo public liber
iinweis clniined iindui a general clnii.e,|ty from thc'ae.kiiowledgtd defects ol tin
.uiving tint hoily ihe.mtli.int. In pasaall [Cost urn, ill the want ol limit lo lln
lavri necessary to carry into effect the [continuance'of ihe llxtcutue power n.
[specified powers, but in relation to III. the s hands, there is, I nppn bend,
, I liter, also, li is, however, consol .'..rv ! not much less lroiu a miscunslruclinji ol
: 10 r II et, lint mint of Ihe llisti s ol , ili.il uistcuuiulll as il rugiltds ihe puWi Is
lull g.d departure, fi the Idler or spir i aciujlly g'Ven. I cannol conccite Ihat.
liluiion, have ullitnalcly to-1 by a fun slrucin n, any or eiihei ul
aniiction of a mijoiity nl ihe] us provisions would be found to const.-
pi ople. And the fuel thai many of wu ' till* Ihe I'n Mill lit I part of the I.' gtsla
slatesmen, incsl disiiuguiibed for tal.ni! live powers It cm i he ulaimed from
and patriotism, have been, at one turn the power to recomiiiend,aince,allhougii
-r ..lln r nl their political caie-r, on boljl j iulJBI.ni il as i duly i.po'. him, II is a pn-sides
nl each ol ihe most warmly ills .sMiegiI w Inch he holds III coinnmii witll
puled t(ni s s, forced upon ui I he in-fi
rcnee tint tho errors, if errors there
wi re. arc attributable lo ih<: inlrinaic
ditltuulty, in many instances, of ascor.
l.iiiung the intentions pf the fruitier* ol
ihe Constitution, rather than Ibe influ-ence
of any sinister or unpatriotic mo.
live. But Ihe great danger lo our I list I-in:
.1 .s does uoi ippi ar io me to be in a
usurpation by the i>.m riiiucnt of |M»wi i
mil granted by Ihu p n:ile. but bv the ae
every on i rciiiceli.
ina\ he Minn ibint/
in ihe propriety of
mi nib il in the one
And althongb then
more of coi.udeuci
the measure r»C
ease ll.au in Ihe old
cumulation in on.- of tin- di part ills, nl
that which was assigned lo others, bi-noli
d as are the powi rs which have beer
grautid, still onnuub have been gtanied
to constitute a deipoitsin, if concontrai
i d in one of ibe departments. Til
danger la greatly In'g ti m d, a-
I been always observable tint men ari
1 less jealous ol ciicri.aeiiiuenls of one de.
'i.uiiin ut upon another, than upon their
own reserved rights. When Ihe Consu-lt..
lion nf the In.id Slates first came
I lroiu Ihe hand* of the Convention which
formed it, many of the aterni si Repub
bicai.s of tin- day were alamo d at tin
purely denmrralic, we shill find a inosi fext.-ul of the power which hid' be. n
breath of theirs having ni'ili, as a breath
can unmake, change, or modify it—.'
car. hi' assigned lo none of tin- great di-visions
of GnVI rniiienl, but to that ol
Democracy, If pitch is ill llieoty, thos.
who arc called upon In aduilnisti i ii
must recognize, as .is leading pniiciple,
the duly of shaping their ineastitcs sons
lo produce the w '■''• -' (food lo the great-esl
IIUIIIIU r. But, null lln se broad ail
miss.ens. if in would compare lln--me-reignly
acknowb-dged to exi-t in t i
mass nf our People, with the power
ellltned'by other sovereignties, even hi
those nil eh have been considered niosl
essential tlilli-lence. All Ollteri laj
claim to powei limited only by their own
will. The majority of our citizens, on
the contrary, possi s* a soven ignty will.
an amount of power pn-ciscly equal lo
that winch lias boi u granted to them by
the parlies to the national compact, I
nothing bet mil. We admit of no tin-vi
mini nl b) d vine r ghl. Belu vuig
ih it, ao far ns power i- nnncetlieil, the
I!i nofii-eni I'r.-.-iior has made iiodistnu-lion
ailim S't u.i n, lint all ate upon an
i rpialily, und ih it lie nnlj h gilimal
right In gov/Tii is an e\
power from the, gover I. phi
luliolt nl ibe I 'niled Slates - I i
■mi.t containing this grant nf power In
the several departments roiiipnsing the
(i.)vernincnt. On ancxamiiiaiion of that
»i uited io the f I!I ill got
more particularly ol that portion which
Sad lu en assigned lo Ihe execnliVi
urn eh. I'h.ie w i r. in il features winch
ipp. a.. .1 i.oi to he in harmony with tli.tr
ideas of a -uniili representative " moc.
racv, or Republic. And knowing the
li ml i i-y ol pn*. r IO mi rease ilsell, par
nctil rr:i win n ex. rei« ■! In a single n
-Innlii .1, pied elm.is w ii'
mi ii rt r. mole period, ih
s grant ol \ fears nf Ih'
* alltsh
instrii
lilSerillllillle III lir'ual I
!i would not become me lo
patrioti
.•r, in the obligations nl iitinu-iie ibci*
ion there can bo in ililf. line . In tin
language of the Constitution, "all Ihi
legislative pn.i.rs'' which il gnu.Is "are
vested in the Congress of tin Uuilid
Slates." li would be a solecism in lan-guage
to say ihat any pnrlion i.f ibese I*
not included in the whole.
li may he said, imbed, ihat ihe Con-stitution
has given to the Executive tb.
potter to am.ul tin- acts ol ihe legisla-tive
body, by n fusing lo tin in Ins assent.
So a similar power has lieCCSNiily nsul
ii has I lid from thai instrument to tho Judicial),
ul an j md yi i Ihe Judiciary forms no pin ol
ihe Legislature. There is, it is line,
this d lien nee between these grants ol
power ; Ihe KMCUI.VO can pul Ins nega-tive
upon tin- acts of the Legislature lot
oilier cause 'ban that ol waul ol coder-inn
to ihe ( imsiiiuiiou, whilst ihe .In
ilieiarv can Ulil) ih elate void those which
.. , violate that ii.-i.uinei.t. But the decis-rinneiil,
ami • -ion nf Ihe Judiciary ii final in inch ■
case, whereas in i very instance win re
Ibe n.lo of Ihe Executive is applied, it
may be overcome by a vole of two-thirds
..I In.ih Houses of Congress. The neg-ative
upon ihe acts of ih. Legislative,by
ihe Kkccut.ve authority, ami thai in ihe
hands of one individual, would seem lo
in- an incongruity in our system- J. ki
in ob' that, ti some others of a similar char icier, how
• government lever, it appears la be highly expedient,
....jirehy.— and tfused only with Ihe forheara
ii/v that ih. -.ml in ibe spirit which was intended by
hue been already it*aulh rs, n may be proiluc.iveofgre.il
reiil.zd. But, ..s I sme. nly believe I good, mid In found one of ihe bell sal..
,!,.! ihe tendency "I measure*, and of guatd« lo the Union.' At the period of
men's opinions, for some year* part, ha*• the formation of ihe Coiistitul , Ibe
!..,.,, in Hi H dilectioii.il i--. I conceive principle does nol appeal to ha»e enjoyed
smelly proper, Ibal I should lake ihu much favor in tho 8tatoOovoctimonii—
It existed but in two, and in one these
there was I plural Executive. If we
would search for the motives which ope-rated
upon the purely patriotic and en-lightened
assembly which flamed the
Constitution, for the adoption of a provi-sion
so apparently repugnant to the lead-ing
democratic principle, Ihat ihe majo
rily should govern, we must reject ibe
idea Ihat they anticipated from it any
benefit lo the ordinary course of legisla-tion.
They knew ton well the high de-gree
of intelligence which existed among
the people, and the enlightened charac-ter
of the Stale legislatures, nol lo have
Ibe Idlest confidence that Ihe two bodies
elected by them would be worth*} repre-senlalivea
of such constituents, and, ol
course, that they would require no aid ir.
conceiving and maturing the measures
which ihe circumMai.caa of the country
iii'L'ln require. And it is prepnsn rou-lo
suppose that a llioiiifhl could for a
inuine.il have been enleilaini d, til il lln
I'resuleiil, placed al ibe Capitol, in the
centre of ihe country, could belter in.
ileistaud ihe wants and wishes of the
people than ibeir own immediate Itepre
siutatives, who spuiid a p-nt of even
year among ill. ul, hung with tbeiii, of
leu labiiiiiig wilh them, and IMIUIIII IO
llu m by Ibe nipple lie of interest, duty
.ml alleetinii. To assist or conirol ('on.
nn ss then in its nidinaty legislation,
could noi, I conceive, have been Iha nm
nvc'lnr conferring Ihe veto power on Ihe
President. The liguulrnl aequres ad
,hiioi.nl force from lln- fact of its nevi i
having been thus us, .1 bv tin- first six
Pf. subnl',—and two of tin in w. le nil Ot-hers
of the I'HI. vi tin.m, svt:i,- presiding
.v r iTs d- liln rat «, and the 01 hi i
tearing a largi r share in cousumaliuii
he llhori ot Ihat aoaual body than nm
ri her person. But if bills never return
d to Congress bv either of Ihe Presi-dent!
above referred lo, bpnu Ihegrnunil
of their tiling inexpedient, or nol a-well
adapted as tb.y might to the wants
of ih- people, the solo was applied npoi
ibal of waui of conformity io ihu Conaii
iiinon, or because errors bid been com
milled doin a too hasty enactment.
Tu re is mother "round for the idop
lion of the veio principle, which bad pro
bibly more influence in it-oomineiiding
I lo llu- coiiveul.ou than anv Other, I
r. f, r to tin-si euriiy wu-h It givas to lln
j isl and i qiiilable action of lln 1^ gis'-i-ale
upon all pails of ibe Union. Il
ild not but have oee.urri il to the con
reiitiou thai, in a country so eZtensivc,
.-inhnieing so great a vanely ol soil and
•'iiiiiie and consequently nf product",
lull which, fiom Hie same cansi s, I||i|s1
ever exhibit a great difference in thj
i.n.mi.i of ih. population of it* sariou-
••etions, calling for a gieal dne-sity in
ihe employllieirls of the pi mile, thai tin
li gislutiou of ihe majorily uudn not al.
WHS justly regard the rights and inter-esl!
ol Hie minority. Ami ibai act., ol
ihi*charade! might be passed, iindci an
i Xpress grant by the word-of lln- Coustl-
-UI.IIII, a.1.1, tin ri fore, mil within the
i.pet. ncy nf the jud Clary lo declare
void. That In.wivir ullllghletled and
patriotic they nnghi suppose, from past
. xpeneiice, Ihe no uibi rs of Congress
■night In , and howi ver largely partikjjig,
in ibe genial, ol Hie liberal feelings ot
Ihe pi ople, it was impossible to expect
:fiat bodies to' constituted should not
some!lines be controlled by local inii r
sis and sectional feelings. It was pro
per, therefore, io provide some umpire,
Iron, whose lltllllion and mode ol sp-potllttnoill
more iiiib peiiib nee anil liei
.Inn. liom such iiifliu.iii i s nrght be e\-
i.ictid. Such a one yvaa ifloriled by tin
r.XUCilliVe lb partment, coiis'itutul bv
ihe ('oiiBiiiui'on. A in wi elieted i-
Ibal high office, having Ins constituents
in verv section, Slate and sub-division
nl the Union, must cm.sid' r Inn.sell
bound by tin most sob inn sanctions, lo
guard, protect, ami defend the light! of
all, and id • vi rj portion, great or small.
Iron, Ibe injustice and oppression ol tin
rest. I consider the veio power, there-fore,
given bv llu- Constitution to llu
Executive ol the United States, lululj
ng a conservative power. To be used
only, first, In pro eel the Conslilutioii
in.in violation; Sadly, iho people from
i he. 11. els of hasty I. gislation when
tin ir will has been probably disregarded
oi not well unileistood; ami, Hilly, -o pre
vent Ibe ell', els of coiniiin.ilions nolalivi
of ihe right! ol minorities.. In refer
ence lo the second of these object!, I
may observe that I consider it the right
and privilege of the people to decide
disputed polnll of the Constitution, a-rising
hom III" general giant of power
lo Congress lo carry into i fl". cl ihe pow-
■ rs expressly given. Ami I helinve with
Mr. M iillson, ibal lepi a'ed recognition*,
under Varied circumstances, in sell ul
the Legislative, I'.x. i-utive, and Judicial
branches nf Ihe Govi ri ul,aecoinpi.u
id bv indicilions, in dill' n nl mmlei, ol
ihe concurrence of the general wi:l ol
Ho- nation, as affording to Hie Presided
si.ll'.i'i. nl null...mi for his eonsidi ring
such ili-pnled points a* settle',
Upwards of half a century haielapsid
sinin- the adoption of the pn si nl formol
(iiivern.nenl. |i would he an ohj-el
more highlv'desirable than the gr i li ■.
'ion ol the curiosity of speculative It lies-men,
if IIS precise situation could be as-certained,
a lair exhibit made of Ihe op-laiious
ol each of ill departments, nf
the powers which Ibcy reapiclivcly claim
and exercise, of the collisions which
have occurnd between them, or between
ihe whole tioveruiiient and those of the
Stales, or eiihcr of them. We could
then compare our actual condition, after
fifty yeata trial of our aystem, with what
H was in Ihe commencement of its ope
ralions, and ascertain whether the pre-diction!
of the patriots who opposed its
adoption, or the Confident Impel of its
advocate* have In en besl realized. Tin-great
dtead of the foinnr leems lo have
been, that the renrved powers of Ihe
Slate! would be absorbed by those of tin
l-'edcral Uovcrnincnl, and a consi.liilaled
povvur established, leiving to the Slates
ijM shadow, only, of that uulep' odeiil
action for winch Ihey had so z-aiousl
contended, and on Ihe preserrvv..iittIiOoJnI ol
wh-.ch they relied as the last hope ol lib
rly. Without denying that the r'e-ull
in which Ihey lutikid with so much ap-prehension
is in lite way of In ing leal
iz.d, It is obvious Hun the) did not clear-ly
see the mode ol us accooipliihuient.
The Qeneral Oovermeut has si ixed upon
inme of the li served rights of the Slati s.
As tar us any open warfale Ilia) ban
none, the Slate authorities have an.pl)
uaiiiiaini d their rights. To a casual ob-serve
f, oil! M.-niii present! no appear-ance
ol discord between the different
inemben which compose it. Even tin
addition of many new ones has produc-ed
no jarring. They move in lln it r. -
p.ciive orbits ill perfect hiruiuuy with
tflc central In ad, and wilh each other—
Bill llu re is still an Uudi I current Nl
wink, by which, if nol seasonably check-ed,
the worst appicheinions ol nurlnii-li
deral patriols will be reabzi d ; and noi
inly will the Stan- authorities be over
l.adi.Wid by Ibe great n-.ise ol pow-
•I in till- Ex- ctllivc Deparlnient of tin
lier.er.-il (iovemm nt, but ihe character
nf Hun Government, if mil ill lleslgnl-iiou,
be ess, 1.1 nil I v and radically changi d.
Ibis stale of tilings has been III part i I
ii en d by causes inherent in the Consti-uliou,
and m part by llm never failing
i.al.ncv .if political powi r to iliCrean
I -eff. By making the Pn sul.nl the Sole
distributor of all the pat.ooage of ihe
(ioveriuiient, the fraim rs nl the t'ousli
Ul.on do nut appear to have intiuipaled
it how -lion a period it would become a
:iun.nl.ilile i..sir nl loconliol the Ini
op rations ol the St ite Oovernuienli.—
Di ir II eg importance alafiut, it had,
ailv in Mr. Ji (feisou's iiiliiuin-iiano...
in eoine «o powi tfnl as li. create great a
linn in the li I of ibal patriot from ihi
n,.lent influence it might exert In con
irolling the freedom of the elective Iran-cb'se.
If nicbcould have I hen bi en the
• If. cis of its influence, how much grea
1,1 iiiu*l b Ihe danger at tins lime, quad-rupli
d in amoi.nl. as it Certainlv is, and
.re completely under Ihe control of llu
NUMBER 5.
medics which may be at my command.—
It was certainly a great trier n. the fra-mers
nf the Constitution, not to have
made Ihe officer vl the head of the Tiea.
sury Department entirely iml- pendent of
the'Executive. He should at least have
been removable only upon the demand of
Ibe popular branch of ihe Legislature.
I have determined never to remove a Se-cietary
of Ihe Treasury, without commu-nicating
all ihcciiciimslirices attending
such removal lo both Houses of Con-
K"'1"*- ,.
The influence of the Executive, in
controlling the freedom of the elective
franchise through ihe medium of the pub.
lie officers, can be i fluctually checkirl
by lent wing the prohibition published
by Mr. Ji Person, forbidding their inter.
wraps* IP dictions further than giving
their own votes, and theirown iudepend-
• nee secured by an assurance of peifect
Immunity, in exi rciiinjl Ibis sacred priv.
ilege of frei man under Ihe dictates of
Iheir own unbuss.il judgments. Never,
with my consent, shall an officer of the
pi ople, coiiipei.s.li d for hi* services out
ol their pockets, hi esune the pliant ill-
-iniiueiil ol Ex.culivew.il.
There is no part ol ihe minus placed
in the bauds ol the Ex- ciilive which
night be used with greater effcoty for
on hallowed purposes, than the control nf
Ihe public press. The maxim which
uur ancestors derivid from the moilnr
cnui try, thai "fr, rjdmn of the press is
ibegreatbiilwarkofc.nl ami religious
liberiy,"is one of the mo-t precious I-.
gicu.i which tl.i-v have left a*. Wn
have b ariuil, loo, Inun nnr own, ns Wi II
is iheexpi rii acin.i^oilM'rcoiiiitrie*. that
golden shackles,"by whomsoever or by
whatever prelcncc imposed, are as fata!
In it as the iron Inn.ds of di spotism. The
presses m the necessary employment ol
In GilVc!llltielll si.ould inter bo used
"lo clear the guilty,or invnrtiiili crime."
A did nt nod manly i lamination, ol the
acis of ibe Ootren mcnl should be not
only tol.-r ited bin enconrngi I.
I'pori another occasion I have given
inv opinion, al some length, n|*on Ihi
inapropriety of Ex. cnlivc inlerfi ni.ee in
the legtalalioil of Congress. That the
uncle in the Constitution making it the
duty of the President to communicate
information, ami authorising him to r •
commend measures, was not intendi d '••
make him the source in legislation, a ,d,
in panicular, that In- should new r be
looked to for schemes of finance. It
would be very strange, indeed, thai llm
Constitution should have strictly forbid-den
one branch of the legislature frmn
interfering In ibe origination of surli
bi III and thai it should h- Foundered
proper that in. altogether ililT r< ill di p irt-inenl
of the Ooverninent should In- pir-nulled
10 do SO. Some of our In si |'i..-
tu-al maxims and opinion! bate hi i n
drawn from our pan nl l»le. Tin re aro
other*, however, which cannot be intro-iluci
d in our -vsti m without singular in-i:<
iliv will il Hieircoiislriiclion of eougriuly
Iiii Ir power* allowed, or the forbearing
ehai.ieiersof all the early Previde-ils pi r-
.iiin. d them 10 make, lint it i- not by
.he exienl of Us pilromigo aim e thai
•he Executive I>. p.irtiuenl ha- ht-enmi
dangerous, but by the use winch n ap-lieari
may be made of Iha appointing
•otter to bring under ill control lln
.i bide revel s of Hie country. Tile
Conslilutioii hai declared it lobe iliodu-if
Ihe Presuliiil to see that the laws
und ihe production ol much
.. isebn f. And ihls I eiuiceivc lo he i i i .
No mailer in winch of the bouses of Par.
I lament a bill may originate, noi by whom
iniroiflici il, a iiiini-'i r or n un-mber of
ihe opposition, lit the fiction of low, or
r.nliir ol eanit'tnlinnal ptinciple, Ihe
Sotiti ign is supposi d to ''',vn prepared
il ngieeablv to his will, and then sub-milli
d it lo Parliament f;,r tin ir advice
ami consent. Now, the very reverie i«
'esliO'iil Hi sei- it, II i.n- i.IMS,.<tin»'c»a-"s•-e lutei,-tot onl.y- with reg-•ard to
in execuied, and it makes him tin Com- the piinoiple, hul the forms presenhed
,„ |,.| iii.Chtefof Hi. A.nn.s and .Y. by the CoiiittWlton. The principle ecr-w
of- ibe lam. il Slates. Il the n| on I' nnly assign! to ihe mil) bud) conitrtol-nf
n.os. approved writers upon thai -d In Hie Coneji on (the legislative
spices of millll <:»v, .nm. nl. which in j body) tho power IO make llWl, and the
■.ml.m Eu.o|H-, is f.rni. d .lfouuecAe in j I'onirt even d.iect thai the cmtqiius.it
i-.inir d SMIICIIOII to Deipoliim, >* cor
..cl, there was wanting no other adil
turn to the powers of ,r Chief M ig.s
irate lo stamp a i i.ireln il character nn
our Government, but the control of tin
public finances. Arid to me it appears
strange, indeed, that any oae ihoiild
doubt,thai the enure control which the
Pn -nils-lit po.-si sses over the officer! who
have ihe custody of the public money,
by the power of removal, » lib or without j«1 ■ sIy
cause,doul, for all mischievous purposes
at least, virtually subjeCI the treasure al-so
In Ins disposal. The first Roman
Emperor, in his attempt to seise iheaa-end
treasure, silenced the opposition of
the officer to whose charge it had been
committed, by a sign.hc.int allusion to
Ins sword. By I selection of political
instrument* fol iho care ol the public
money, a reference lo their eomintisinn*
by a Presiilenl, w mill be quite as i IT c.
mill mi argument as that nf t'n-sar to,ihe
Roman Knight. I nn nol ins. risible ol |
ihe gnat difficulty thai exisli in drawing ,
In.u.i In- ascribed to them. TlleSenati
I in n-l.-iiion to revenue lulls, have the
right tu propose amendmenta; and so has.
the Executive, by '.he power given him
jiorutnrii tin Ihe House o(. Repre-sernRive*
with bis obj-ctions. It is in
I his power, nl-o, lo pro|Hisc amcndinenil
| mil lilting revenue laws, suggested
by bis observations upon Ibeir deXeCtlvo
ir inj'irioi.s operation. Bui the delicate
of devising schemes of revenue
lioilld be left where the Cotistilulioii
lias placed it—with the immediate re-presentatives
of the people. For simi-lar
reasons, the mode of keeping the
public treasure should be proscribed by
ihem, nml the farilu r removed it may be
I from the control of the Executive, Hie
1 more wholesome the arrsngeiiienl, and
ihe more in accordance wilh republican
principle. '
Connected with 'Iiis* subject >« the
character of the currency. The idea of
.Hiking il exclusively mCtulie, bovven r
wi II intended, appear- to me lo be fraught
a proper | or the *sfeke.-pin« ami »■■■ more fatal con*, quei.ces Hnin any
disburse,,,! „, of public re ues and other scheme, haying no rel.i.u.., o ho
I k the nnpor.ance which RSI been personal right, of the eilits-si*. Ih. has
biiach, .„,,ofg...1 .bin.!.I... ;b.•";-'V'1' /;■»,:':;- ;;";;;
„ s„, .., Hie divorce, as ,. i. called, of|< I t"'"<<"'" ,l'" '
■he Treasury from ihe hanking imtitii
lion*. Il is inn ihe divorce which i
•mi,plan cd of. bill the mill ill.iw.il
.1 Ihe Treasury wilh tin- Ev run. I)
lariininl, which lii» cr n il such ex'en
ilnrm. To ih i danger to our I!
. . . ii, ,1 mutation i fcondi'ion bv ul. . b
'In..!- -mis of oui most indigent fcll.iw.
eii'z ns.hv Ih r ii.d-i-liv anil • - lerpi "-,
,,,. ,■.,.. ,| -,i ihe pn--. «• n . nf w- nlth,
.In, is ihe one, Il ihi re .< one mi ■ 'ire
,i,, ,• iVulited than nnnili • to i"- rh ce
•'»•• .titdioi..,and .hat cr,„| nt
Ae I 11""."- g.v Ihe l.v .«■ '» al" «''•«'
ihrnugli il -'r 'tilalny nf ihi fedi | •■'< "' '
ral offliers, I pro|»!e to ipply all Ihe re- the poor
li muling in llu ii I 'd". !' d
inking dsepi t into pi miry, •'