The Greensborough patriot [April 6, 1860]

              "-W
.——-
Iwrtftttf atrart
BY SHERWOOD & LONG. & Jpamtlp Xrtospaprr—Drbotfti to Uttrraturr, &grirulture, Jftanitfactures, OTommarcr, anb Jttiscelianeous Uratring. TERMS—$2.00 IN ADVANCE
^OL. XXII GREENSBOiROTTGH, N. O., APEIL 6, I860. NO. 1081
BUSINESS CARDS. lUISCELLANEOUS.
LEXINGTON, N. C
I < ■†Ui:i>(.|:< <>< K. ATTOBSE1
tf . Lexington, N C. Feb. 17, 1 '• 7-
JAVB8- A. LONG. ATTORNI «5
flEEENSUOBOL'GIi, N. I Mj
I kit- A. A. HILL,
WORTH & ITLLI, COMMISSION I i
Forwarding Merchiu,!;.. KnyettOTJUe, >. j
JAMES i;. i BOM •
to HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING, respectfully
solicits ihe public patronage.
j_Oreenaborough, October, 1859
O. P. K1S1IKK. J. F. KOAllli. o. uoosnhs.
1'ISHEll, FOAKI) &. HOOKER, IMI'OR-ters
and wholesale GR<X I R8, except
FLOUR, PRODUCE, and GENERAL COMMISSIOS J
MERCHANTS, NEWBERN, N. C. jan 1
JO. MTRRS,Comnil(iHloa Wer« bant.,
• . OLD CIILNJV V. BA1
.'•on bern, If. <'..
Will give prompt attention to all buaini ed to
him. Deeember 16, 185
Ot. L. MEBNLEY,
THE PATRIOT.
GNV
40 ly
DRS. COFFIN
N. C, have associated ihen elv.
purpose of PRACTICING MEDICINE
branches. Special attention given to I ":-
& COBLE, s
June 15,1659.
M~J. MOORE, Formerly of Stokes county. N.
. ('.with MFARLANU, TATMAN&CO., Im-porters
and wholesale dealers in FOREIGN and 1)0-
\| ESIIC DRY GOODS, No. 247 Market Street and 234
ii \lley, between Second and Third Streets,
.1. B. M'Farland, 1 PHILADELPHIA. < H. Berghauser,
J. 1\ Tatman. I jan20-6m { J.R C.Oldham
24 il'.
■
fice at R. R. Depot. F«-V 1 ■••■'.
1AW COFARTNERSHIP.--
J D. F. CALDWELL, I
associated themselves in the ]
Courta of Guilford county, will proi
business entrusted I • r care. Ian. 1X58.
JOHN W. PAVNE, s
haviug permanent!} located in <
C, will attend the Courts ol KJ
Guilford, and promptli attend to t
claims placed in his ban Is
Un. «. r Pi
tied in Hi..: I i : • I
his ondivi '
Special auehtio
01 \v • .
KBTEB
DAVIS .- .
L51" Liberal I II
bents, wl i
yl'IJlAK, 1X60!—JOHN H. SPOONER, No.
I» 249 Maiket street, Philadelphia, has now in store
;. full assortment of .Men's and boys' Fur, Wool, Pen-an,
n. Leghorn an! Straw HATS, Bloomers, artificial
ere, Rucbes, &c., to which the attention of his
North Carolina friends is particularly invited, eithtr by
person or order. „__ 78-3m
M. t. SMKBW..OI.. JAMKS A. LONG.
SHERWOOD & I. ON <lr.
EDITOKS AND PROPRIETORS.
TERMS: »*.©© A WEAR, IX ADVANCE.
Rales of Advertising.
On dollar per square for the first week, and twenty-five
cents fer every week thereafter. TWELVE LINES OR
LESS making a square Deductions made in favor of
standing matter as follows:
3 MONTHS. 6 MONTHS. 1 YEAR
,'>ne square $3 50 $5 60 S« 00
T/»"o s juarcs,.
ThreO
700 10 00 1400
' 10 00 15 00 20 00
From the Fayelteville Observer.
TEE STATE CONSTITUTION.
Wo have been a good deal surprised at the
pretence set up by the Democratic papers,
of reverence for the sacred Constitution of
our State, and objection to disturbing the
compromises agreed upon in 1835, by the
Convention which amended it. I.ut that
surpriso is vastly increased when we sec the
Democratic Convention held last week,—*
body so much more intelligent than tho body
of Democratic Editors—solemnly resolve,
" That we arc opposed to disturbing any
of the sectional compromises of our Consti-tution,
Stale or National, and tbat we espe-cially
deprecate the introduction at this
l '.ticUex and Jewelry.—Having located in
!.• aksville, N. C, 1 respectfully offer to the pub-
' . nerally s n. il selected stock of fine GOLD AND
' .':;: WATCHES, with a large assortment ot
SABLE JEWELRY. Those wishing to pur-
... TO ! i do \M1 to give me a call, as I am confi-r
| can please in both, article and price.
f \\ -. i ■•-. ( locks Hid Jewelry carefully repaired i it to be prema
I. (6mjan20) BENTON J. FIELD. | BItjM8t."
Now as to the Editor*
ed and re ordained by their children in
1835, and that the compromise Constitution
tl.in given to us, was in other of its parts,
built upon this provision as on a foundation
stone. Being a member of the Legislature
both in 1833 and 1834, and taking an hum-ble
part among the advocates for a Conven-tion,
I recollect something of the history of
that Convention act, and of. the negotiations
by which a sufficient number of votes was
given to the bill to allow the question to be
determined by the people. Not only was
it required that the qualification in Senato-rial
voters should be retained as a protection
to landed property, but it was also required
and conceded that the Convention should
have power to make the capitation tax on
slaves and white polls equal throughout the
State, and it was morally certain from the
manner in which the Convention was con-stituted,
that it would be done; and it was
done to the lullest extent of the power con
ferred. Sir, tho language of Eastern gentle-men
addressed to their Western brethren
was substantially this : "Your property con-sists
for the greater part in land. That is
protected against unjustlevies, by the power
of the landholder to elect the Senate. That
power we all agree is to be retained. But
we Own tho larger portion of the slaves.—
Give us a constitutional guarantee against
undue taxes upon slaves, and other matters
being ajranged satisfactorily, we will go in-to
convention, and give you equal represen-tasion."
This was agreed to. The conven-i
tion was called. It ordained that slaves,
by the Opposition party of North Carolina under twolve and over fifty yoars of age
into our Suite politics of aquation ol cm- hiu|d n(H betaxed at &n. and those be-stitntional
amendment atWting the basis »wocn ,|lose a,,e8 should be ■
upon which our revenue is raised, believing
ture, impolitic, danirerous
A J. If*
*\ % BORO >
ttt tctice hi. pi
con niics.
Prompt sttti
his '■■
'VEIX'S Ptictoffraphlrtr.at-
... :-Tied.andCameotypes,Melaino-
, ,'Vi'i>. n liich cannot bs surna'sed
n,u' BEAUTV an taken in Lockets.
, ,._;. tl e mr-ies and purses of all.—
I,, y,.vd in Greensborough, thej
r%l patronage.
exami • .""pecimons. and 'earn the
. .'..| iad by A. StarreU, >«c-
•• iiriek b *iWing, Wist Markei 81 ,
gli, "i. i'. Sept., IS59. 53 tf
io have harped
.... matter ol lh« ctunpromises of ouJ
constitution, vert' few ol them
ges should be only subject to
such poll tax as should be laid on white men,
Tims, one half in number of all the slaves
in '.ho State is exempted by the Constitu-tion
from taxation altogether; and the oth-
- vi ball is exempted lrom all tax as property.
are fa- but is liable only to the capitation tax im-
I'
i
,
' ■
V». II. .1.1
ALLSifcfLAI
CHANT.- V II! /
Pon:il attenti u j
Cotton . r .
J)ealen in Lime, »
Jani
AP.8PERRY, ol a . .L . .
. .....
Importers and lobbei of I
VI. \\ 1. and ; : BAR! ! \\ :■'■'■
\vv. Vork. .
VDI Gr .j don
Jan Gra) don. ;
Kove'mber, ■
lollN •!. !■•.« :.... . .... , ..
11 Ow I..'- K l» & R El'SOliS
1 ' . . i.- '•■•-. ':
Mer< hai is, S(' ,■† (»LK, \ ■. ; .
teiiii..:» to the sale ,.r Hoar,Gi • ■ -
Ing unneo -• . I re-torna.
Dec ember, 1857.
I^VLIi F4Sill«»\s—~!i", 6a
wi',1 open on Saturday the Stli ii
s.ock of HonnttK. Ribbons, a-'
rlies. Sic, which for che»]
tot l>e surpassed in ilii^ or any "i!: .
Bonnets lrom FIFTY CENTSt 'i .';;•. I J I IL1
Give hei s call. Octobei I, I VJ
II.XI\«;TO\ JEwELIlf RT«i E.~-
A The subscriber ha on hand I [(Jill
VEIt WATCHES manufactured by .i..; Liver-tii.
il, and Dixon of London. Also, the Silvei
epine and common Yir-^e \\:.;- - . \.:. h
JEWELR1 of all I
■aid low for cash. Watches of all dc
1 tf ,KY.
LI 1MEB, [MrOETER AWDDEAL-
:»J;:VI awd Anserlcan
HARDWARE.
DDLERY HARIi'WARE, AND
CARRIAGE MATERIALS,
. . . R •llingb.rook Street.
(81GN <»F TUB KKY)
IOB TO l.lluARV HALL,
PETERSBtMRO, V4.
. . - SOLI) AT NEW YORK PRICES.
Jun» 1, It 30 lypd
I9IBER, JEWEL^ERtlD
I MAKER, West Market, GIIKSNSII.III..'
Inil and is receiving a splendid and weu
ol Ine and fashionable Jewelry of ev.ry
• ■ which n. iy lie found se\'eral inagni-
• .■• coral Jewelry.
ilsi a stock of tine Q old and Silver Watches,
lig lone in the ISfcl'ST I1AMNEB and «;ir
.. ipetsous p'.ii'chafirit; Jewelry, would do Well
. -:: him belt.re purchasing elsewhere, an he is
he can sell as good bargains as can be
n this market.
a 1st. 1858. 99f> tf.
OTER .«t BIKER'S SEW1JIG HIA-
"LB t'UlSES—i'l'.e attention of llousel eeprrs Seam-
- Uress-makera and Tailors, is invited to the
excellence of Graver A Ualier**
liinef They are simple in construction
and dur. able in operation, beautiful in model
... >-.;.plical>le alike to families or mauuiac-
The compan; feel confident that their Machines are
red io the public, and refer for contir--
in ui'.n of this opinion to the thousands of families who
have rosed Ikes i. Price from $50 to $125.
J. R. & J. SLOAN, Agents.
ember "23. 1858 8 tf
i, .. 'I:
State
miliar with the history or purpose of those |,„sed on white men. Thus tho two great
compromis s: bui thai the intelligent body !6UEjects of properly in tho State, lands and
of native and geneiaily elderly gentlemen 8|uves, were placed under the protection of
who composed the Dei neratic Convention tnc conslituttOB, against unreasonable exac-shoultl
ii'- -e : up such a bald pretence, '"-j tions bj' the Legislature—tho lands retain*
dieut.- either an igno tunce.oi which w.- di 1 ;, , their old defence, by means of a political
nol Btispect I 'n:. i - a reckiesnesa by no power in the hands of their owners, which
means -reditabl lo ih ir integrity- enables them to have a veto on legislation,
We propose to show that the compromise [n ,,„,. House of tho General Assembly—
the slaves having a still more effectual
shield, not by means of a political power in
the owner, but by a positive interdict upon
the Legislature from laying its finger upon
the one half of (hem for any levies for the
supporf ol Government, and upon the other
half, only so heavily, or so lightly, as it lays
iijioii the while man with a vote in his hand.
And now, sir, you propose by this "Free
Suffrage" Mil lo take from tho landholder
the pn lection which he has had from tho
inundation ol lhe government, and by rea-
-..ii nl' i he retention of which, protection
was given "> the slaveholder in 1835, and to
permit the protection then tor the first time
allowed io the slave-holder to remain. This
looks lo me very much liko taking out the
foundation, and expecting the superstructure
to remain poised in mid-air—very much like
taking out a balance wheel from a complex
ma hine. and expecting il to run on as if
never disturbed. Does any one doubt for a
moment, thai if the protection to land had
not been continued in 1835, the guaTantee
in favor of slaves would never have been
adopted ? I was continuously a member of
the general Assembly, trom tho ratification
of the amended constitution, until 1840;
now insisted on was dent oyed ':;/ //«< Demo-crats
themselves, and il course no longer
binding part, the n In . being abi
led. And we propose lo show that when it
was so tea! roved, il was with a unlearn warn-ing
of the .'.'!■; result now impending. »»«
cannot .1..' tin- in more . >ar an I Ibrcibb
terms I ban a. • i - • :' -| ' " •' '•' f»ov.
(in il in ih v.ati Dec. 1 >'•">«— i
upc .Ii which ■• ■!....-. I at li'e I ime ill
Hie Observer and »: lier Slate papers, and in
pamphlet, an i we have i " dotil was .i-i li-ed
to and read o . in iiij ■ d
who now pro! »s i < l>e sli.x
.il ••., s , : ... I_ .1 l-O I;
w\ ere tbi'ii .v ariieii.
I h <-\ im e ab •.:'. ." .' ■" I"'
PreC Suffrage bill.
We ask particular attention io some pas
sages w liieli we have iialiei-nl in the loll >w-ing
ext ra el« from t,o. lirnhaui > speech, and
indeed lo the whole ol the extractn :
"Sir, to the most casual readerof the Act
of 1835, it is perfectly manifest that the re-tention
ol the freehold qualification in elec-tors
ol the Senate was as well defined and
secured an object in the adjustment, then
made, as taxation for the basis of representa-
1 l' V.I \ pe •- mis
, -.1 ai i lie It
V • 1'
11 >
ii-siii
'.-
: the
ii'.vi M. setn r. •
UIOTT & S<'OTT. ATTOl!
»^ sellors .it Law, - - GUI . . (.,
Will aiiiT.d the Court! "i Uuill
dolph, OavidsoB, Forsylband Itocki
cntmsted totbemfor collect i.
attention. Oflice on Korth S rcet, fourth
tainisay'a eorner.
UiTSlEKDEWilAEIi, LASll A(
* ."ir.,-! .,-,, l e itei I
Warrant*, make investments •
rates, pa;; taxes, and transact ■ gen bu- fc • ■ †• Ii i M inn..-, ta, lovau . -
Mir.m-:.polis, \; an sots
. . -Hon. J. M. Morehi
J.- nhall, Col. Waller Qwj nn s
M.i ;■ . .
V\l> llEDIi UVE8!
tion in the .Senate, and federal population of and I am very sure, that after the compro-representation
in the House, and a much bet- misc of 1835, down to that date, if a West-
1 ter secured object, than any other provision era member had introduced a bill to amend
; of the amended Constitution, save these two.
»5 S rocrti
•r"- M IVA .
Score, Lin I
where he w
li en
I
v. isixr.s .
t • ••
Jam ■
a"
' in .
lie •.'.">• in t'ia
i Agei I foi
ii,.. on' ap]
Mei
-
POl'.lTER <"fc GORRELL,
(srecKssous TO T. J. PATRICK.)
Vi'iion-'.i-.lc and Retail l>riis:alat«,
epared to execute orders lor Drugs and .Medicines,
articles pertaining to the Drug Business, with
ss, accuracy and dispatch. With large and im-arranarements
lor business, and with a very
lock on hand, which has been selected with unu-ire,
we ft el ssitisfied that we can offer inducements
ysicians and others who may give us a rail.
i - who buy lrom us can rely on having their
titled "il Ii pure and reliable Drugs. Special at-be
eiven .o orders. April 15.
J. >. P, n. I). S. J. r. HOWLKTT-
. EI-Otv'LErT & SOX, DENTISTS, RE-
9 » ■;■■•. ■ :!. i-ih eir professional services to the
ofGrei :-'.'ioi.jr.'i and all others who may di-irroed
on tlieii tooth in the most
. n ■, i I scientific manner, "'hey are
I to 1 ■'■.. i" 'ill and every operation per-il
, . to Dental Surgery, unsurppssed for
And, as that adjustment was a compromise
of a contention Of thirty years, literally :i
treaty of peace, the parties to it, and all other*,
will be exoneratedfrom its further observance so
soon as this otu ol its fundamental articles tuiB
been abandoned •?/"/ annulled. I wish ibis to
be known and retn< mbercd by those who have
such dreadful apprehensions from the call of
a Convention, and whatever changes the
Constitution may be destined to undergo,
that iee may hear no complaint oj a breach of
the constitution, by annulling the guarantee
in favor of slaves, or if an Eastern member
had proposed a bill to amend the constitution
by abolishing the protection to lands, by
doing away the qualification of voters for
the Senate ; either would have been charged
with a breach of faith, and from which over
sido the movement might have come, it
would have provoked retaliation on the
other.
'• But, I may be told, that Eastern and
Western parties have passed away. Bo it
plighted faith, and a departure from the terms so; 1 shall be the last to attempt to revive
of compromise. This original bill sets the com- strifes merely sectional. But the great in-proinise
at naught, and leaves every man to terests of society exist now as they existed
t.iii.- part i:i i .:.■.. d lo amcndmei i ; the in 1835; and although men may be individu-
: ■■.
Ihe fin i has in his possession Diplomas
1 h ege of Dental Surgery, Ameri-ital
Si irgeons, and Dr. S. IS. Filch of
been HI t he regular practice ot
i .. •: » 'cntj years.
'. eir Operating rooms on West
tl ■ † BKITTAUi IIOFSE, in a
l.i m .imer for the recepti ;
.i may always be found.—
.. . on ... their residences if desired.
837
Coustituti ■ ■ ; may ;ht in his own
eyes. ;-'i '. there is no ., - li un this con-by
t..is bill, a p'ain
'1
1S35, and yet you evi:;ce a verj talutar) fear
of losing the benefil ol Lhat compromis
other particulars. If then be, as you, !
think vainly u iprehei .. :i serious or general
.!. jpi. ..:.,■ .. ; i ...■!... i- •;' i 'prer-enla-lion,
will hav< '■ ■-' II •■† hi hall yourjiow-er
ol • -: '... • it, ih-'ii 3*ou have broki n
the fail li "v. ... :.
elusion. 1'ou -.I IJIOSI
and palpable vi ilalii n ot the compromise of
STREET \BOyE THIRD.
I'hlltsvieipi.ia.
UT4*dL. :' .
JL*" I ...i .
A re : ".' ,
to WHtioESAIil ,>• .
eifsn r»!i«t I os»»« •'.
with great can ' . ,
. for variety, be?
NORTH ,
I i v \N .
■†††'
* .11 be r " ' •
ate ..».'•■.'..
;-:•>•*
• .---. si .r5. 0 pel- d;'V-
■
: I i ■ iig purchase .i the ,'.'u'r'-1
Mr. I vans, in the al
■ n of th
..... i
of
•IOTKI..
c public to its con.. ''•''""
■ : hia either for businc**8
IV IFEE Ul \ .
1..
"»■•. a ... .ply of'sapei lor I
wi!i >^
I. ■-. || ,. .••.,,
»' •*>•' Wale Fail
■
fewstepsfron the ,-riacpal
■■■- ■■■ I iccaTents to il ,
•' '' ^ '' pleasure, the con-
' . ' ■-•*■ f-l way cars and th..se
:■ †*ffoid*pte«rtntnd k„ -he mere
'»«U Plaeeaor interest ,n
; P'os issaraoce thai Tbe rnlea
•... ,r.,u-un
i N i:ii<i
ol the world li
•■ ',, ; . ■ '■;
posed I
rni.roi
! ; ii. re be
■ ii>- I . nee
tlieii i dab shed a11d wi11 I
owners of
:.- I III •■.,- .'..■...- il ' .i
i !"l
-; •'e
III! •
-'. I;
ni'ii!
of t;i
and i
\ n ■
ai
in.
i - .
Hills
nil such
in ■ i -
sigi t,
'
ated, and act no linger in sectional masses,
the question is of as much interest as ever—
is tinll; to be tiny cheek upon the Legisla-ture,
'ii the imposition ot taxes on property ?
And if there is, on what species of property?
Shall land, the most important of all proper-ty,
I st away, and bear such burdens as
■ nay he imposed al pleasure or of necessity,
while slaves enjoy the exemptions now ul-ii-
wed ? sir. I fear this subject ofamending
I ■† constitution has been considered too
- li e moral elements j much with reference merely to equality on
da; ool election. Let us become a people ot
• ' : il ii tion pr i..i lal rights and equal privileges, says the
ly a vi<i- '• .-. i ii-. in hrs message. The problem re-
I lie mad , ally to bo si Ived is not. one of political equal-ity
merely but "t taxable equality also. And
.'. ! ii.. nol object lo all tree citizens cast-ing
equal votes on days of election, I must
ih-,M that along with that change in the
constitution, there shall be security for as
in II an approach lo equality as possible on
the days ..I tax gathering, and, when the
s!n riff make"" his annual round, for the col-lec
! I he revei.ii->, that each inun thall
. ,; .. • rding to his several ability,
: ic Mipp.iii ol Government, It has been
:i un- stion solely between theland-desi
n
11 _ inter* -is
i . 'i u i ..; gri -s
. -I property,
...
1 . I
W-owners
of
I be ob\ i-
:' . :m be
tire I;
H>>\ern-ii
i d
.. !. ,le,
■:
-i* wih mm i public
» i'Ai,:.,N..,l'ri'",'""li> S"'ici' NMii'i;
1 I'TON s. NEWCOMER,
Proprietor
I" lv
li aiil
"' pal
il. h-- l.o! I •!■
you leave to the slaveholder his impenetra-ble
shield. You set out with the Quixotic
idea of establishing equal political rights,
and end by creating an unequal and unjust
exposure to taxation, a greater mischief and
grievance than tbat you designed to remedy;
a natural consequence of undertaking to deal
with the complicated subject of the constitu-tion
by piecemeal. Sir. suppose this Senate
Were sitting as a convention, with power to
make and proposo a whole constitution to
the people of the State, (and that is the situ-ation
in which we should place ourselvos,
when we como to dovise amendments,) and
that we had progressed so far as to establish
two branches ofthe Legislature, and to ordain
that the electors for each should be the same
—that we nad further voted tdat land should,
be liable to taxation at the will of the Legis-lature,
without any restraint, and then that
some member should propose to restrain the
General Assembly from taxing slaves, as pro-vided
in the present constitution, how many
votes do you suppose the proposition would
receive ? Would it not be at once replied,
and perhaps with some impatience, ".No^we
have refused any restraint in regard to land,
and it would be unjust therefore, to provide
one M to slaves." And is the injustice any
the less, because, both lands and slaves being
protected under the present constitution,
you strikeout the protection ofone and leave
that of the otter, than if you had a new con-stitution
to make, you refused protection to
lands and inserted it for slaves ? Sir, this
subject has sooner or later to be met on man-ly
and intelligent ground. When you take
away the prcsint constitutional protection
to land, there are two alternatives open to
your adoption, one of which you will be com-pelled
to take; and these are either to insert
a new provision which shall afford the pro-tection
you have taken away, unaccompanied
by political power, or to strike out all pro-tection
to property of every kind, and leave
it to;be taxed at the pleasure of the Legisla-ture.
For, Sir, when it shall become known
to tho people of the State that you have sent
them a constitution, as you proposes to do
by this Bill, in which no property is protected
from taxation except slaves, and that, of these
one half cannot be taxed at all, and the other
half only as white polls, you will have produ-ced
a war upon the interest of the slaveholder,
quite asfierce as that you are now waging against
the landholder. Let no one accuse me of de-siring
to produce such a contest: The charge
would be as unjust as untrue. A slavehol-der
myself, to a considerable amount of Ibe
estate with which 1 am endcaving to provide
for a somewhat numerous family,T have eve-ety
reason to desire security and protection
to that species of property. But when we
are called on :.o consider propositions for
change in the structure of the Government,
it is necessary to analyze society, and see of
what elements it is composed, and ho-v they
consist together, And as a matter of policy;
I do not wish to see slave property enjoy the
the "bad eminence'-of being tho sole favorite
of the constitution, and subjecting, its own-ers
to public sentiment which cannot be oth-erwise
nhan injurious; and as a public ser-vant,
charged with the duty of guarding
alike al' the interests of the State, and to al-low
to none an advantagojibove another—1
cannot and will not consent to put the land-holder
without -„he pale of the protection of
the constitution and leave the slaveholder
within it." * * *
"1 repeat, sir, it is a delicate, and by no
means an agreeable task, thus to review the
great interests of the State, and place them
in apparent antagonism. But it is necessary
that w6 shall realize what wo are about
when an amendment to the Constitution is
urged which is in th,e nature of and attack
on one species of property, and survey the
whole field before u:. The landholders are
not a majority of the people, but they ap-proach
much nearer to it than the slavehol-ders,
and when you havo triumphed over
them, and exposed their land to unlimited
taxation especially when you accompany it
with a new tax bill, they will turn upon you
and demand a repeal of the protection against
taxes on slaves, and will find recruits enough to
carry it as by storm. Thus a contests is to
be begun, ot which no man can tell the end.
"Sir it is to avoid these consequences that
I offer the amendment under consideration.
Since you propose, as I have shown, to ab-andon
and violate the compromise of 1835
to annihilate the checks and balances then
established between "onflicting interests to
allow one of these interests an advantage it
could never have obtained but for that
which you propose to abolish in another,
the earlier and the more calmly you can
settle the matter the-better. When a com-pact
becomes thus disregarded or misunder-stood,
and there is a determination to get
red of it, its high time to call together The
parties who formed it, and lot them agr°e
upon new stipulations."
POSITION OF JUDGE BATES.
ST. LOUIS, March, 1860.
SIB : As you may have learned from the
public prints, the Republicans of Missouri
met in Convention in this city on Saturday,
the 1 oth instant, to make a declaration of
their principles, to elect delegates t. the Na-tional
Republican Convention, and complete
a State organization. All of this the Con-vention
executed in a manner wholly satis-factory
to its members. It also commended
you, by resolution, to the National Republi-can
party as one well worthy to be the stand-ard-
bearer of that party in the coming Pres-idential
election. This fact the undersigned
have pride and pleasure in communicating to
you, knowing that throughout your life you
have carried out, as far as a private ciiizen
might, the sentiments contained in the reso-lutions
adopted on Saturday, and a eopy of
which we enclose. But, as you have volun-tarily
remained in private life for many years,
your political opinions aro consequently not
so Veil understood by the Republican party
at large as by the Republicans of Missouri.
Inasmuch as the delegation from this State
to the Chicago Convention intend to present
your name to that body as a candidate for
the Presidency, we, in common with many
other Republicans of Missouri, desire to pro-cure
from you an exposition of your views
on the engrossing political questions of the
time. We hope that, notwithstanding your
well known reluctance to appear before the
public in the light of a Presidential aspirant,
you will not refuse to answer the following
interrogatories, which, in our judgment, in-volve
all the issues pending between the two
political parties of the country :
1st. Are you opposed to the extension of
slavery ?
2d. Does tho Constitution of tho United
States carry slavery iuto tho Territories,
and, as subsidiary to this, what is the legal
effect of the decision of the Supremo Court
in the Dred Scott case ?
3d. Are you in favor of the colonization of
.ho free colored population iu Central Amer-ica?
4th. Do you recognise any inequality of
rights among citizens of the United States,
and do you hold that it is tho duty of the
Federal Government to protect American
citizens, at home and abroad, in tho enjoy-ment
of all their constitutional and legal
rigl.ts. privileges, and immunities ?
5th. Are yon in favor of the construction
of a railroad from the valley of the Mississip-pi
to the Pacific ocean, under the auspices ot
the General Government?
6th. Are you in favor of the measure known
as the homestead bill t
7th. Are y:iu in favor of the immediate ad-mission
of Kansas under the constitution
adopted at Wyandotte?
Yours, respectfully, Ac,
[Signed by Peter L. Fov, Henry T. Blow, F.
A. Dick, Stephen Iloyt, G. W Fishback,
Charles L. B mays, Jno. M. Richardson,
O. D. Filley, William McKee, Barton Able,
and J. B Sitton.]
Hon. EDWARD BATES.
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Richmond, la.
nter, ..r an) shoes o i the s.nne kn.d
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attention ol the public t„ ,he lad.es shoes
red «t the same place by J . Shellv. especially
ol style and workmi-.n^b.ip.
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B. H. GREEN,
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auee Orders for goods promptly filled | . i i\-
■ •eebe-H i :,n style o« Uala and taps
? .7 .*'"*■ ■■•,'-■• Hats,
-■Wear,her, 1S0S. J. McCOSNEI, C. M. & G. LINES.
Thomasville, N C.
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this apparenl i\ - in pie l«>| ■■
Consul ul ut' in. Si.ii.. A hat is represent-ed
a- a mere exci'e>-ei,ee, Ulldef the capti-vating
idea ol a political right, would, Inun
the connections and dependencies of this
provision, produce effects reaching far be-yond
a mere question of equality in voting,
in which S8puct alone it is treated by the
Executive, and has usually been considered
by the public. I have already demonstrated
that the freehold qualification required in
the electors of this body was the landhold-er's
defence against unequal taxation on his
property, that tor this purpose it was or-dained
by our lathers in the first Constitu-tion,
that for ihe same purpose it was revis-ii
I i. ii-landholder, in regard to eqal-vole*
li is an equally important ques-betweeii
the landholder and the slave-i.
and while poll, in regard to taxation.
brain ami
• ' m. So
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it.
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>i i niii-i view thing*as tney are. What are
• great -ul jeetsoi luxation in the State,
ir-iu which revenue is to be derived ? La da,
-uv. and vvi.ite polls. You may derive
••unrthing handsome from taxeson moneys
ai in'. i•.>i, and blocks in Banks, or other
, 1irj.i>i.i!'"is. and a pittance from what is laid
ii, y our daughter's piano, your wito's siver
SIMIIIU'II, (■/ cetra, but your main reliance for
revenue is upon the three sources just men-tioned.
These three interests were all repre-sented
in ihe convention of 1836, were par-ties
to the treaty then made, and are all pro-tected
against unequal burdens under the
existing constitution. The land by the pow-er
it" owner to select the Senator ; the white
poll, by hi* power to select the House of Com-mon's,
and the -»*•*• property, by the guar-anty
already mention'"'1: There is, aud was
designed to be, between them, mul"*1 checks
against inequality of imposition. .v ln'8
bill you destroy this system ; you strike from
Keeping A Secret.—The Newport (Rhode
Island) Mercury relates a story of Stuart
the printer which illustrates finely the pow-er
which a secret has lo propagate itself if
onco allowed a little airing, and to reach a
few ears. Stuart had, as be supposed, dis-covered
a secret art of colouring, very val-uable.
He told il to a friend. Ilia friend
valued it very highly, and came some time
afterwards lo ask permission to comniuui
cate it, under null, of enternal secrecy , lo n
friend of his who needed every- possible aid
to enable him to rise.
"Let me see," said Stuart, making a chalk
mark on a board at hand, "I know the art,
and that is"—
"One," said his friend.
"You know it," continued Stuart, making
another mark by the side of the one already
made; "and that is"—
"Two," cried the other.
Well, you tsll your friend, and that will
be"—making a third mark.
"Three.only," said the other.
"No," said Stuart, "it's one hu
eleven !" (111.)
indred and
Juniper Foots.—Several weeks ago we in'
serted an item, which affirmed that Juniper
roots made the bet t razor strops. A friend
in Williamston hati sent us one. and we have
tried it. It is tho best thing of the sort we
have ever had. We suggest that our friends
in the eastern counties turn the roots of the
juniper trees whicn abound there, ipto four-square
razor strops, and distribute them at
large for sale. It will pay.—N. C. Advocate.
sa * ■ †
Alexandria, in Egypt, is in telegraphic
ihe landholder his power of defence, while | communication with Bombay in India.
REPLY OF MR. BATES.
ST. LOUIS, March 17, 1860.
To Messrs. P. L. Foy, Editor of the Missouri
Democrat, Dr. Bernays, Editor of the Auzci-ger,
and other gentlemen :
SIRS : B. Gratz Brown, Esq., as President
of the Missouri State Convention, which sat
in St. Louis on the 10th ot this month, has
officially made known to me the proceedings
of that body, and by them I am enabled to
know some of you as delegates to the Chica-go
Convention, representing the Republican
party of Missouri.
I have received your letter propounding
to me certain questions, seven in number,
which you suppose will cover most, if not all
the grounds of controversy in tho approach-ing
Presidential election.
With pleasure I will answer your ques-tions.
Bot, before doing so, allow mo to
fiance at the peculiar circumstances in which
am placed, and the strangeness of the fact
that, I a mere private man, am called upon
to make avowals and explanations with any
view to take me from tho shades of private
life and place mo at tho head of tho nation.
I came to this frontier in my youth, and
settled in St. Louis when it was a mere vil-lage.
All my manhood bus been spent in
Missouri, and during all this time I have fol-lowed
a profession which left my character
and conduct open to the observation of socie-ty;
and, while it has been my constant habit
freely to express my opinion of public meas-ures
and public men, the people of Missouri,
of all parties, will bear me witness that 1 have
never obtrusively thrust myself forward in
pursuit of official honors. I havo held no po-litical
office, and sought none for more than
twenty-five years. *
Under these circumstances, i confess the
gratification which I feel in receiving the re-cent
manifestations of the respect and confi-dence
of my fellow-cilizens. First, the Op-position
members of the Missouri Legislature
declared their preference for mo as a candi-date.
Then followed my nomination by a
Convention composed ot all the elements of I and power of this gre'al Valb-yTbut' necesat
the Opposition in this State. And now, the j ry as the means of national ilcienca and o.
Republicans of M.ssoun ,„ their separate ! preserving tho integity o» the Union.
Convention just held in Si. Louis, have re- 6. Am fin favor of the measure safes! the
Homestead billf—Yvn. I am for guarding
the«publie lands as well a* possible Ir un I bo
danger of becoming the subject of oi-iinon
1. Slavery—Its Extension in t!\ zVrtorui
On this subject, in the States anlin the Ter-ritories,
1 have no new opini< Is—no opin-ions
formed in relation lo the p.1 sent array
of parties. I am coeval with i\io Missour!
question of 18I9-'20, having began mr polit-ical
life in the midst of that straggle. At
that lime my position required :no to seek
all tho means of knowledge within my reach,
and to study the principles invulved with all
the powers of my mind, and I arrived at con-clusions
then which no substqu-.-nt event-,
have induced me to change.
The existence of negro slavery in our
country bad its beginning in the early time
of tho colony, and was imposed by tho mot ti-er
country against the will of most of the
colonists. At the time of the Revolution,
and long after, it was commonly) regarded as
an evil, temporary in its natur*. and likely
to disappear in the course of tin yet, while
it continued, a misfortune to the country, so-cially
and politically. Thus wa* : taught by
those who made our Government, and neitli
er the new light of modern civ .zation nor
the discovery of a now system of constitu-tional
law and social philosophy has enabled
me to detect the error of their teaching.
Slavery is a social relation, a domestic in-stitution.
Within the Slates it exists by the
local law, and the Federal Government baa
no control over it there- The Territories,
whether acqnired by conquest or peaceabln
purchase, are subject and subordinate, not
sovereign like the States. The nation is su-preme
over them, and the National Govern-ment
bus the power to permit or forbid slav-ery
within thorn.
Entertaining these views, I am opposed to
the extension of slavery, and, iu my opinion,
tho spirit and the policy of the Gi vernment
ought to be against its extension.
'I. Does the Constitution carry slavery into
t/ie Territories?—I answer no. Tht Consti-lution
of the United Slates does m.t carry
slavery into the Territories. Will much
more show ofreason may it be it saii|that il
carries slavery into all the St-tes. ^But il
does not carry slavery any where; t only
acts upon it where it finds it eslabli * ed by
ihe local law. In connoxion witn tain point
I am asked to state my views of the Deed
Scott case, and what was really determined
by the Supreme Court in that case. It is my
opinion, carefully considered, that the court
uetermined one single point of law only;
that is, tbat Scott, tho plaintiff, being a negro
African descent, not necessarily a s'avc. could
not be a ■ ilizen of Missouri, and Uauvlore
could not sue in the Federal Court; ai^. that
tor this reason, and this alone, the Cfticuit
Court had no jurisdiction oftl'ocausc S-l no
power to gi"e judgment between the iff tics.
Tho only jurisdiction which the Bo Verne
Court bad of the cause was for the |\. poso
of correcting the error of the Circuit t out t
iu assuming tho p< wer to decide BM I the
merits of the case. This power the Si j.romo
Court did exercise by setting aside tin judg-ment
of the Circuit upon ihe merits, and by
dismissing the suit without any judgment
for or against either parly. This is all tbat
the Supreme Court dio, and all thai it bad
lawful power to do. I consider it ut a great
public misfortune that several ot the learned
fudges should have thought that their dutr
required them to discuss and give opi'ii»ns
upon various questions outside of the ica-..-,
as the case was actually disposed of b\t the
court. All such opinions are extra-ji licial
and of no authority. But, besides tl a, it
appears to me that several of the questions
so discussed by the Juges are political,qut.^
lions, and therefore beyond the cogt. ,'aneo
of the judiciary, and proper only to !»• con-sidered
and disposed of by the poUties* de-partments.
If I am.righlin this, and it corns
to me plain, the precsdent is most unfortu-nate,
because it may lead to a dangerous
conflict of authority among tho coordinate
branches of the Government.
8. As to the Colonization of the Free Blacks.
For many years I have been • onnccted
with the American Colonization Society, of
which the rising young State of Liberia is
the first fruit. 1 consider the object both hu-mane
and wise, boneficient alike to the free
blacks who emigrate and to the whiles whom
they leavo behind. But Africa is distant,
and presents so many obstacles to rapid set-tlement
that we cannot indulge the bone of
draining off in that direction the growing
numbers ot our free black population. The
tropical regions of America, 1 think, offer a
far better prospect both for us and for .hem.
4. As to any inequality of rights ttmomf A swp-ican
citizens.--I recognise no distinctions
among American citizens but such as are i
pressly laid dowin in the Constitution; and 1
hold lhat our Government is bound to pro-teat
all the citizens in the enjoyment «.f nil
their rights every where, and against all as-sadatus;
and as to all these rights, tbi're is
no difference between citizens bom am citi-zens
made such by law.
5. Am I in favor of the construction <f,, rail-road
from the Valley of the Miuinifpi to the
Pacific ocean, under the auspices or the' <;, ment
Government f—Yos, strongly. 1 not only be-lieve
such a road of vast importance as io tho
menus of increasing the population, wealth,
uthrmed the nomination, and proposod. by
their delegates, to present me to the Nation-al
Convention, soon to be held at Chicago as
a candidate for the first office in iho nation. ! tradVand
These various demonstrations i
State are doubly gratifying to me, because
they afford the strongest proof that my name
has been put forward only in a spirit of har-mony
and peace, and with a hope of prevent
ing all division and controversy among those
who, for their own safety and the public
good, ought lo be united in their action.
For all this I am deeply grateful; and as
far as concerns mo personally, I must declare,
in simple truth, that if the movement go no
farther, and produce no national results still
1 am paid and overpaid lor a life of labor,
and
tient
support ot a line of Governmental policy
which I believe- to bo for the present and
permanent good of the country.
Now, gentlemen, I proceed to answer your
questions, briefly indeed, but fully, plainly,
and with all possible franknesn; and I do
this the moro willingly because I have re-ceived
from individuals many letters too
many to be separately answered—and have
seen in many public journals, articles mak-ing
urgent calls upon me for such a state-ment
of my views.
speculation ; for keeping tl em lor
the actual use of the people; and for/, ant.
ing tracts of suitable size lo those who will
actually inhabit and improve llein.
7 Am J in favor of the immediate a</n, ..,.,,,
of Kansas under the Wj/awtotleConttituti<,nt
I think that Kansas ought to be iionnited
without delay, leaving her, like nil the ullier
States, the sole judge ut her own Con-tilu-tion.
Thus, gentlemen, I believe I havo answer-ed
all your inquiries, in a plain. Intelligible
manner, and I hope to your salisfaci on. I
have not attempted :o support my an-weis
for Whatever of zealous effort and pa- by argument, for that could not be done in a
watching 1 havei been able to bestow in short letter ; and, restraining myself from
going into general politics, I have confined
my remarks to the particular sabfaeU upon
which you requested ine to wri'.e.
Your obliged fello'w-citizen,
EDWARD BATES.
The New York Herald admits, after all
that Breckenridge will be the Chart*, Lorn
uominee.as we stated a few days ago, ,Dj
which that paper positively denied, bui it
does not believe ho can sacceed. It is now
for Joe Lane.