The Greensborough patriot [January 11, 1839]

              .-i.
(XftW®
" LET ALL THE ENUS WE AIM AT, BE Ol'lt COO-*, OCR COtNTKv's, ANU IIOH -.' —•S.l.ll.'priirC.
NEW SERIES.] GREE&3BOROUGH, N. C, FRIDAY MORNING, JANUARY 11,1839; [VOL. II—NO. 3G.
J. D. CI,W(V,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOK.
VS R1S8.
The Carotin* Patriot ia publish**] weekly wi
, iiri;'' Kxtm Imperial ebeet at TWO DOLLABI
.\I. iitiv ctarra—piy.il.lo within lava* months
f, ,„, tin: receipt "I" iho first number, or Thn e
i.. muter. Person* wanting the paper, fur -iv
PMIUM oily, can baw '* »l M •"■"• payable in
„!..ilicc.
,\ , iianer will lie discontinued until n.II rrrorir-uei
aro paid. cxcc|' "' ''"' "i•'•■' !l'" ""' i"'!'"
Usher*, Ami no sohseribor will bo received fbi
a ' iricr period tlian .ix H oolbs.
I'ld'HS i»l' Ii-.'- Individual* nny have the
CAROLINA PATRIOT for CU.trans led
tooi poaftage Irees an I Club* of ten may IN
furnished with ten copes :<-r $89 paid inad-nnce.
, .,. „
A failmc to order n diioontinnanea «uhm Hie
mr will he eoMiderod 5- n now engagi. iont
' ifj-AilrtrliK-uii HI*.—Advertisement, will be
rmspieaeusly and cortccUy iuKrlcd at 81 tbo
inusroor 340cm, sndUS.cent* • r each roe-cecding
inaert A ilcducuou will bo made
alien persons advertise by the year.
Letter- on boainnaa coiuu clod W illl the office
mint como ftec of pestam, etherwiso ibey will
u i be taken out of Hi'.' Poet OlV.ce.
I
UE3ATE IN THc HOUSE OF COMMONS,
M-udut/, Utctml'r It', 1888.
Tlio following Resolution*, introduced
(Dine days liuce by Mr. V. J. IIII.L, ol
Brunswick, wcro called up for cooaidera-
"'jtrtotW, That each of lb* United
State) being a party to the national com-pact,
pcajtcnaM u icr.st in Ike public
land* proportioned to tha federal popnla-lion
of each, or, lntheterin»*olllio eompliei
"according to tlio uau .1 respi cli*o propor-tion!
of tlio general charge nud expend i-lure."
, ,
Uetolefd, ThatthoK Stntoa, in whose
faror Cbngrenhaa not nude appropriation.
.,1 ilie Public Domain for ihu puipuse* dl
Education, ore •untied to *uc'u aunropria.
lions aa will correaponit, in a )uat propor-tion,
with then* heretofore made in bchall
of other States."
K,»,i/rc/, Tint our Senator* and Repre-sentative*
in the Congrcas of 1'ic ! in| .1
Suns be requested to urge tin CI.HUM ol
>" i*J»ile of North Carolina n> In ' |iortioii
ol ili, Pu5/:n Lands. And Hut lb nw,
wheu obtained, I"' applied to the establish-nnnl
and support of Common 8 -. ■ ■•"- ana,
Ihs prorootiw and diffusion of Lducation
throughout the. Slate.
The uueation being on tlio adoption ol
the Resolutions, Mr. HILL addrqaaed th
House as follow*—
Mr. Bra
linqiiished to llio old 18, all claim to Hie
t.ov. rnuieut property and Tt rnion.il right*
ol ih<> IMM, •MaajsUng io all law laud* m-ciuiied
wiiuin nut nlmn n it limiiiid the
United State* and tlieii known us Crown
Lands.
Tk* Boundary, as datemined by tin
Treat], wa* .is follow*! *'? :
tin the North, by Ibe Kusi.mii ami Brit-iah
Aim rican pom -sions—on the Kasl, li)
Ibu Aii..i,lietleiaii—on the Smith ami Weal
l>v the Miaaissippi River ami the tl ill' ol
Mixicn. Ai this period,the limit*of lita-ny
of the Suus wi re very extcnaive; in
some of lliem ujidoSiied, and, in all ol thvm
lill". iiii^ in area and value. Theeaoselii
A!I eh they wire eugHgi.-d, «us a common
'Muse, the struggle oi iri-i in- n lor bin Ity.
In furnishing Mo meauvlbr the accomplish.
imnl of i!i. ir ul j ei, Ibe rule ol apportion-ment
wasnot Becordtug io tlieexlontot v*«
Rio of tha Territory po**e**ed byeach, bul
inipelh-d b) i idciil lovo of liberty m
cell. iJui, sir, in ili'.' prourea* of tuu Ru«
olution, this vi r; snl-ii el ofthi w tato i jmis
w.is .i source ol disuurd and dissension,
which excited ia.1 forebodings in the bos-oms
ol those early lutaries of freedom.
The large Stnti -, uifluciiced by that foe.
ling of avarice which,a* being Ihenuxhih.
in d, apjie us in he almnat in*i parnblcjfom
our natoref. eo.it.'inl< il that ill .the eyC-nt ol
a successful issue to Ibe conn si, tie'ir Ti r-riiori.
il limits shoiilil not h:- lessened; und
Ih ir righl of n il rem in un.ilt. r. il. 'i
try to which she has set up i-laiui, what
HOIIIII lie tlii'-proliablecoii-'.-queiiei-s io Ala-iy4mi<
rof aueh mi umlisiurli.-d and itmlis-iiuti-
il pos*i ssio.i ? They cannot **C*pi
ibe loosl disCLfniug. Virginia, by s< Ibng
on the most imi(li-r.ile terms a sin.ill propoi-lionof
the lands in ipiotmn.i-.oiilil draw iii
'oiler lii-asmy, vasl sums ol inomy, ami lu
prauortioo loth* sums arisiog irom BUOII
sulo*, would be enaliled In lessen In r l*X>
es. Luids roinparutiVely rln-.-i|i, and l*Xea
nparaiivi ly low, with tha laud and taxi
of an uoj.iceiit Slat.-, would quickly d
ibe Bute, thus diaodvantageooaly eiie
uanced, of us most us. ful iuhabitaot*. Its j iion*j and the t
«'. a'lh and Us consi quince in the scale of |poals (for III vh
It remains lor me ID show tlio elf. rls,
I.i...:11.-. i on it liy that ••CUii Ul1*' 'l'° '"'
aatmioaiir-ts frowing out of lb* same.
Ii wo*i aaeutial m * *uoe*o*ful preaeou-lion
of Hie war, ami the eslahlishment ol a
-..i.il.iry .mil prrmaiirlit lorm ol tiov,rn.
.mill after Ms close, lli.it a fodi ral a"
I ho
Sir, iln- is an llMNM* amnont of prop.
trly, and in lime, must bc.umc a veiy am.
■lie source of remnio for ihe purposca of
I IMII 11: in i in those Stale* which have been
I siiiijects of the iniimliuence of the Ociieral
1AI'- HU.'lt.^ II,.Till. ■« <llt.-. "> .......| . r> ■
ram '•>'! ;u Hccowpftib M desirable un objoeivI.* «od i-u-well oeedrul rulca
.uu ihe differuiil LegiiUluraa puaed RoaoU- t,°"8 re»ptciiiig ihe Territory ami oilier
.•'tali s urged, >':i lUv.
>irn':^l.' Wad prill
lite confederated Suir<, would sink oi
course* A otaimao lnjuriou*i ■» more lhan
nne hair, if mil Abe wliole of th»? I'niied
Suiev, ougbi •« l»: auiiiiorinl by Ihe olear-
.'•*! evidence of ihe right. Yel what e«i-ilcnce
of that right h*ii been produced!—
\\ bul argumeati alh\g> -I in imp|mrr, eiTi*< r
of tile evid«noe «r Ihe right ' Nono that
w In*.' heard of( deai rvmpa wrioui r< i«i-talion.
Wo arc convinced—policy a»(l
htfticu rec|uiref that a counirvi unatllled >
die cornnicnceaient ot ilus War, claimed
by Iho Bruiih Crown and ceded ii» i» hi
ibe Trautt «. Paritt if wreatPoT from the
tomiMHi enemy by the blood and ireaaurr
(if ili.- |;J Siatfs, Mlimild *»' conaidereil •■■* ■
coihinou prnpert)—iubjecl t» l»' parct II *l
.mi by CouifauM, into free.coiivmieni, and
i :ii-1> mind Uoveriiinenttt, in aiteh nwn-oiln
f baud '• nor and at auoti linjieaaa the \\ i- !o:n < i lh«*i
led tbftway in thegenorouil
In in year 1780, In r Legif*
ral Congreaa made up
I nut Dower to do luor ) in
ihr mnguauiniity and patriotian of ihr
Staiea; and oudef thegeoial ioftuenecLol
thr love of the Union and of Liberty, the
appeal waa not made in vai
Now York 1
compfomiic
I ilme passed Ml net, entitled •' an act In
facilitate tbo completion of Ibe articles of
i-tiiii, il, raiiuu and perpetual union nine
■ In United States of America." B/tills
el, it was declared that the Territory
which she cedi d •• ihnuld he and enure for?
ever l»r the use ami benefit of such of il"'
United State* as should bicoine member*
of the l-'i il< r.il alliance of the said SUW*
and lor no other use or purpose whate»i r."
l-'onr years aller,arlicli s of Cession were
inieri.! inio In Iwceli the Slate of ^ irglllia
.ii„I ihe Uem-ral I'onaress under the urti-s
and nu'iia-ry
and oilier
properly helonfing to tlio 1'nitod Slates,
cannot lie, because it was • compact made !
and cnierid into prcuous u> llie adoption
of ihe Constitution, and was referred Io and |
made binding by that instrument. The
1st section ul the Oth article reads thus :
"All debt* contracted, and engagement*|OofHm*JI*l, I have nnl beOfl able to learn
■'iitcred Into before the adoption ol" tins i whether sales have been orilcnd ill nil tha
be loruicd botwaen lb* Slates, jl'oiislilution shall bo as valid IgMMl the i Stale*, but if llio value of Iho Land* can bo
tViihoiitil Ihire was no i-ommmi head—.United Slates under ihr C'oiislituiion as un-' estimated by the sales which have been
no concert of action, eitber>in nrokasltngldortlieConfederalioB." Ami again, in the ' made in some of them, tbo agesejjalc am't
plans of operation,or nniA means for con-1M section ol ihe 4ih article, il is declared ; WOujd cieite a fund almost suliwient to rs-lucili.
S then. To ilfict a cmnpioinisc. I" lhal Congress shall have power In dispose II ihlish School* commensurate with tho
wauls of the whole Union.
On Ibis subject, the Supcrintnndant of
public instruction, in the State of Michi-and
nothing in thlaConatilulion(b*ll be *o|g*D| in noflMal Ronortto tbo logida*
construed as to ptcjiitlire any claims of the ' tore, submilled in January 1337, uses tho
United Slates or of any particular Stale." following language, viz :
So far, then, from tile it nnsof the <"on- j "Tin. Primary School l.nnls reserved
federation of 1"?H being weakened, or the ' fiiim sale, and given to the Sialo by ihcwir-compact,
us rclalcs to the Poblic Land*, 'ilmince of Congress, consist of sretion No.
being abrogated, they appear to be confirm* IM in all tho surveyed Townships. The
eil liy a roeogriltion of tbo claim* of Ihe j I'eninsular |Kirlioirnf the Slate of Micbi-
Slales ; anil Ihe inanition of cury provis. | gut consists of nearly 40,000 square miles,
,r I IOD necessary to carry into full olTeot the! there are 1,111 Townships of M square
i, [uudi rstanding Whichexitlod between them | miles each, bul, dropping 11 cnlire Town-
,it Ihe funnel period. |-hips fur Wie deficiency already suggested,
Such is the tenure by which Ihe States' mere will remain 1100 Townships ; which
hold all the l.-imls North of the 81*1 ili i-n-c is « fraction lean than the true number.—
nf latitude, and Bea*l of Ihe Mi«sis»ippi In 1100 square mile*, there are 701 thous-
River, with Iho exception of (JI orgia, whose and acres, which, at *Vi per acre, the min-iloed
of Cession bears date after Ihe , luium puce, would realize to the Slate $3,-
ailoption of the federal Constitution; but Jti-!0,000. According to another estimat*
is. in other respects, in exact. sgreoiDOiit[ho values them at U.SOO.OOO, and adds;
mill iIn: deeds alre.nlv Considered. ] these estimates may seem Io In- extravagant
lkLR :
In introducing thi? fotegomn
Rcaolutions, I am solely influenced by a
consideration, most assuredly ol paramount
importance—a desire, I hue ever cherish.
wl With the deepest int. rest, to lyrui-li the
means ol a pi uu education to every Qitizeii
within our limits.
I am aware, sir, that in proposing any
■etion in relation to the Public Laud*, I
am approaching a subject winch has been
• prolific so'irce of discussion ami oxtrnva-jaut
politicl controvowy »it/i.. lhe»i
halls. Ilnt.on the |>r.-ent occasi n, 1 HIS-Itowsucb
feelings and shall *tudiOd«ly «•
void any such tendency in the rein irks mil
moot to submit. Tb • argument by which
I ahull attempt io support the Reaolulion*.
I shall found
1,1. Upon the justice and propriety 01
thai the sirutrglo was fur principle und not
I for aggrandizement—hat tiny contributed
j til. ir .| .ol ■ of III :i ..ml of mo ,e.—thai ihi
.. n r igniy ol lbe soil, within ihe drarti i-i
I i ,u.l • of i ..e!i of the Stall 8, " .s still III
i , Hrilisrfl Irown, and noVi re mid be wn ••
u.l from it but by a united i iforl •■!"! al •
. vniiiiuii aaculici—llial uven, il ihvy sue-
-,-i d d in the altempl to he . mancipated
from for. tgn Oppression, tin ir potitu- .i im-portance
would llievill.hl) li - evrr»hadow.
udathomubj lln oveiwhilmina in"1 '''
if tlio larger Sluies, a..d refused Io eut. i
into llic ■ oi I'.-ili: icy until a compicl was
formed, which wdured Io eacl nbcr.
rights and advantages proportioned Io tin
. n_ -.il expenditure incurred by each.
I; .., sir, in . \liilni to tins House mure
■ii .il.. tie slab of ! i lie" which pn vaili u
on ih • «u! .'-t '. Ilus ' irlj period, I will
nail the Insii on. given by the Oeneral
V..,. in',!., nf th ■ Sut. "i ! •'. land la llioii
i) h ^..t. a in t • j >i !' "'■':
"Ilavinj conferred upon you a trust m
ili.- higlu -i ii.tun , II i- • • nl • ' »e pi
:-r. -it confidence in your integrity, ability
•i'l /.' I, in promp'i lln gen i il ivell'ar. <.:
I!I» I n ii 'I Si lies and the particular inter-
. sis nf ne i St lie v. '.'■ ii the latter is iiicoui-pit
blu with tiie fojin r: ii■•: to add gr.-aiei
weight to your proceedings in t.'orrgi
ami takeaway all ■u*'|iiciou< that the op'in.
ions you arc to delivi r, ami the votes you
give may ho tin- mere opinion oi individuals
and not resulting from your knowledge ol
ihe sens.- and deliberate judgmi nl ol tin
State you r. pn sent, we l!.,,,k it oiir duty
fullewoth on l!i-' ai.bject
Asselllbl/ shall In i. afli r direct.
'l!.n- eini'i.'i.l. we should lirtrajr Ihe
trust r. ;a.- .i in us by our constituent-*,
i r - w<-to .iiiilior,/.'von In rnlifv on llleii
helialf, ihe Conft ib ration, unless il I" fur-in
r explained. We bate coolly, I dis-
1...... i. iii ly, i-'U -nl. nd lln- ■ubji-ct; »i
llitvi vi, mbed pioli i.ile.iiiconii in. uces and
hardships, against the *acnfice of just and
..s.niiai rigui",a(id do lu.tiii.-t you not io giui.it ham
agrco to the I'oufi»lenlioi less an aili—Ulic Norlhwi
•le or articles be added lien'••. '■• confer. Ih u ■ - and
inilv with our declaration. Shoulifwe-i
c.i < oi (.unlederutio ,.
Ii ariug dale ill-- l-i M
i I \ irgiiiia aulhoriz' .11
era uio convev, translVr, and make over
unto the I uilcd Stale* III < 'ongress asm in-
I.I. il lor Ih. In in Iii of said Si..t. s, Virginia
inclusive, all right, title and claim, as wi II
nl MIII as of jurisdiction, winch Ihe said
t.'oii in\v..ilili huh io die Territory oi
ti.iel ol cnuutri williiu the limits of the V ii-r,
siiiialc, lyiii.:»
•I of Ho- '' 110 Itit
purposi.-, ."nl ui
said rccili i
on.-of lln pur|>oses*nd c Minns of Ihe
i- :, ia in IT word- : "Thai all ihe l.n Is
uiin.ii In Territories *o crilcd to ihi Uin-led
Stales and not i' » I veil for, or appoint-ed
i" ant ni Ihe b tore HI. ntiom .1 purposi -,
,r ., -•„.- d of in Uounlie* to Ibu Odim rs
.u.. Hildicra of iln- American Arniy, slwll
iinaudi '. ii us .. cuiniuou fund for in - usi
In ... hi in SUCb of 1,10 I uilcd Slates ,i.
i pn pi'iiil iiJ.ico of some of Ihe Si ,i I nave IK come or sj.-ill bei oine member* ol
~ , „ .;, ,,,,,, ,:, . \ .,„,„. u lien the ap. tne < 'onlidi ration or I', il. ;..l alliance ol Ihi
iriioiiineiit was mule at tie- adoption ul - "d Mat. -, Virginia il.clnsiTC, according
,-, i d in obi lining si,, a irti do i.- .-' -■
in. u you are In i .. fi.Hi IIIJKIUI red to ac-cede
10 the Co ,|. .1 ruey."
Tiiepiijiiu-.il s.i,.-i" . tbo Insight into
the future, in in.i *t'd by Ihe auiums ol
l.n-au iiiatruclions, is indui '. tnosl . d.i , ol
tde,—The a'rlieti s ipsisieilon by Murylai d an
AI ». iusi I'. .1 ; and ti t, m Imle in»r- ih- n m.
■i.ilf a «-. oi,try. We wiilness the iiverwln Uu- ■ ■■
|„ ||, , ,,,.,,, „i ■ As in ihe Lands lying within Ihe origin-1 but il is confidently believed thai the rc-reli
li»4, the Slate al hound* of Iho purchase of Louisiana and I •ult will exceed, rather lhan fall short of
n uu Commission- 1 Florida, together with those owned by the the highest computation."
Indians within iheliini's of eeveral of the I Ami, Sir, Ibu sales which took place in
Stales, they were acquired by purchase, and ' 'he summer of 1B37, under ihe greatest
onr right to *pply them, real* upon differ-1 pressure of the money m nkel, have proved
■ nl ground*, "fis true, we have no emu-; Ifio correctne** of Ihe opinion, for, ibey
pad concerning Ihcinj nor ,env Conslim- have more than doubled in amount the es-i^
ni.il provision for ili i dispoaal of lliem in . Umale of Iho Su|M-rinleiidanl, I do not, how-my
iiianio r: nor can any ailicle lie found | Wet, object lu Una manner of disposing ol
Constitution authorizing ibe pur-1 tho Public Domain. I believe ilia as wise
-but it i« certainly reasonable and and nlutarya disposition of n as can he
juat, that when- a large extent ol Territory ' made; bul 1 du object *» u prefrrrnre be-
IK added to that already belonging to ihe | big given to any of tho Suites, I do com.
I nit. d Suites, it ought 10 bo subjected in plain, thai en rv meuilii i uf lius Union docs
the same Coiialilulioual provisions of law, not alike participate in advantages and bo-ahich
got. mi d in the disposition and man- .Befit* lu which all arc alike entitled.
,i,l uf tin Li".Is v.-hi II were In l-.l al | And now, «ir, let usadvert. for amomcnl,
'.i.e lormatioii of iln- Constitution, liut a- to flic incalculable advantages which would
gain, iln- purchase money for Louisiana ami result from me jud cious appjicalioti of MI
l-'liiiida has In en paid out of the fund ac.' large a fund, us ilus would p.aeo ul the dit-ciiniig
from lha Land Sales, as w ill appear 11*> a of Hi" Stale, 10 tho purpose* contein-m
rclerancn to every alalomont mndo on I plaUd by the Hcsolulion*. I u despotic Go-me
subject by Ihe Secretary of the Trcasu. | ve'rnmeul* where lha people have no voice,
■I in :
ml being to in Ihe
r. to and lor ' hisi-
III" eon,..
\0W Bll,
Il then, the proceed* uf In
la instru' I us lullewotn o
Thi: conf. i!-.r inuii—a siti'j
in I. ,1 nl t'.'.i- million, to \l ir.! eel w i-iss'gued
*i un tubers; Noiln I'. n "na •■■
t'irginia 10; New V'orkO; nud how stands
theaccounl in eui .liy '. Why, Maryland
,i it. s, North '.'an.In.a 13, Virgini 121, New
York HI ! So. thai the depopulation allu-
■I. ■! to in ihu declaration bus taken pluce, ai
,. ast in a reluUtu BSiiso.
At ihe close el lie n volution, the couu-try
II is . ucuuibi r d by an enonno.is ili bl
oi '4lM IIIIII.OIIS in be paitl oul ul lie elm-moil
IVi usury of ihe old 13, hesidi • heavy
,1 i lesniin.i-.iiililies by the Treasury ol Ihe
ei mi which, un-fortunately
u auppoKU difference of inter.
.,1s Ins produced an a!ir.;.t iqiliil uiV'ISfjn
ofacntimcnl among Ihe s. vural Stales coin-pr
sing the Union. We »ay a »up|* - d
,1,0", „ nee of interests ; for if local alia ■
uieiils and prejudices, and Uu- avarice and
ambition of individuals, would give way to
',,■ I'ici-.li s of ii sound policy, li.iimh I " I
|..m ">e j"— — .••-"- ,,,,. |gofju*.ico(ai.d no olher poll.
gnd!""l,.,he important advantages which I cy but what is fmuHh-don those immutable
• I principles ii
I. ii..m r OUISI
may be Bilieipatcd to remit from the up
f ication of Hie proceeds, as contemplate
L lli.e Resolutions,and
lid. Upon the necc*»itie» of oof Ice
and Iho urgent claims they hue up
State ioiupplr tie ir waul*.
rre* to h • call I *ouud) we
...Ins ih - apparent divui»ny "t
• rests would soon i mi Ii ! and all Ihi
• i I . would confi .l-r.ii oti U mis, u I«l»
ly a.h uilag. oils Io nil i forthi v would llupi
xrceirulh t no other .-doritioii than
formed could be lasting. Alii
.,ame ibe eapltol of our Smt.-, the city in
which our present delihcratiom arc b. Id,
now bears: That by llic various aubso-nncnt
grants and (prfciled ehartcrs, olhei
I. iriloiial Iii.i.is wer.- i stnblishcd and dis-solved
: Thatbj a,treaty l» t»e n rrance
ainlUrcal Britain, enin d into in ihe yeai
Ui03, the Mi-. • ippi Rivcrti is agreed u|
on n- ihe Boimdiiry hclwi i n I
in III ,• Uritn-h Aui ric-m posw asmi -
This, sir, n is about the condition ol Uu
boundary of the British Aim ri an Proi ur-ea
at the period .■' out iiiemoiahle
i.,r Liberty. The original 13 Stub - » '-
Hi. ii. some of tb, n mid fined I uiiinyol
in. in unexplored Brili-b Coloni s. 'Ihe
numerous abuses of llic mother coun-
Iry, ud tin i'. nne nl lib ny which burned
within ibu bosoms of om patriot l-'ailn-rs,
in i ,i mm ,1 ',!. in loc i«t nil'the yoke of up
pr ■ nni and establish lot iheinselvea and
their (Misierrtyj Inn and independent form
iilCiuvi mini nl. I pon ihe incidents or i«-
s flhis glorious epoch, I will not per-mit
un* If to dwi II, farther than is impor-tant
lo m; present purpose. Tie same dar-
■ i i H hi :, actuated our fun father* in
. d ,,ii, ■ ii,' i In Ii pi i"l • "ust lined
■ irrn . • a in - ■ ssfullj "'I'"- '!l 'be
i;. ,.. -|v nv of Peace
ill
ilav
con
thus enli
idi r il us
ind<
S|!lt'
I'i rrilorii
na | have i oi
s cease 10 operate, the
I to ihe confederation, wilt
no longer binding, and will
,,,-e Ihe first occasion of a*
.: ■,,hcirj,sir,gVs.:i,.l - ■ ..n„g heir
.em;.,..:' I. It I" ib • "•••' '"'
r, which are ambitiously clasping at
,o which... our j.da t,il.ey|ryland,i.
|... least shadow ol excluaivo
r;,|,i, »,ll..seivilligr-»U""»J1" '"'he
,.,?.,, ....„, w.-alil. -...-I pnwti d. med Iron.
, eTerr.lor.es, when acquired, than wha
Vh,ved.spl..t.' her endeavora ...
Wo think not—wo arc cou-ncquirothi
m nt which hath prompt-trim
oil ll.o saint
,| lln in to 11"
Slates, respecniily, Onr Commerce, ai
lii.il pi rn.il, b'-ing very small, Ihe ri \> uUe
i...... ,i w...s iiumnsidcrablt : and this licavy
nub lit. IIIKJ-S W"iS met principally iiy tin
Agricultural interest. Tins, together will)
provisioning ihe army during tbv war, was
a mighty icquisiuou upon lb" soil. I s-sa.
it euitur. ,carcli ssly iipplu d, and without
iui aul from manuring, produced a state ol
.MI i.isi.uii lending to sterility. In this
-iiniliiio.i of our iigiienltiii.il pro-pi els, the
auluufthu Public Lands commenced—tbi
virgin i-uil ul the West was thrown open Io
our i .iicrpri/.iiig and iadoatrioos citho n—
;r«al imliicenieuls were offered 10 setllir-nv
the t>.-inr.il Gin. rmneiil—III.' Land*
were chi ap and tlio Taxes low —Pre-cinp.
nun KlglllS Woro grallled III. In—and MI
uiunificuiil w.s il* policy (at our eX|ien*e)
ui tin! appropriation of land for lutoiin.1
liupruveiucnt, and purpose! of Eduealiou,
thai facilities in both will be furiiislud to
I'VI rv iieighl.iirlii.ol within ihu limits ol ma-ny
ot tin- new M..Ii S.
Sir, in ■ iiiiliie. iin-iit was loo poweiliil,
ihe temptation too atrong.tobe resisted by
a being in whose breast self-mier.-.-t i* tin
ruling principle. A mighty tide of einigr i-nun
Weaiwmil, was n-consi qiienee.wb,
with the old Slates, his not yel roachi d
ebb, but is annually drouilUg us oi onr Ul-i
nis .iii.l our wealth.
Tin: views scl forth by Ihe State of Ma-in
■ inslriictioiifl to her delegates,
I.ir io thosu untorlaini d by all Hie
small Sluies, and lln aclof cession by the
Si.ile of I), h w,re was iieeoinpanied by the
following Resolution, VIXJ—
"Remleed, Thai this Slate consider them-si-
1 vi s justly entitled to a right in common
with the member* ol lln- Union, to that ex-i,
usfve tract ul country which lies to i!.<
West ward of Ihe frontier of the United
Slates, ill ■ properly ol which was not vest, I
in, oi granted to individual*, »l the
■ ineiii of the prom ul ^ •" ■ ib
io their usual ri spi ctive pro|Mirtion* nl the -
goin ial charge and exp udlturo . and shall
lie laiiiitiilly and bomH-U disposed of for
that purposed, .nni lor no oih. r use or pur-nose
whatsoi-ver* The deed* of cession
from the dtbar Stales wore very similar i»
time from Nin York and Virginia, and M
doi s ap|M ar Io mi, Sir, ihi language can-nolle
mure explicit, litre Ihe (Joneral
(Soveniini nl is m ulc a TruBUie lor th • sev-eral
Slat**-by III.' legal and technical
words, which nut only imply but absoluie-
1. en at.- a trust* Ii was certainly nut in-enil.
d for iln- Si iti a in their l •oufederaled
eiiaraclTr; if itliailbeeu.it would hale
sioppedat the winds United State* j bin
when Iht Virginia deed goes en to specify
heraclfb) name,and in slate the moaaure
and liiaiiin r for the dil isiou of theCOIIiliiou
fund, 11 was ci Cianly le i inn lilion loills-
Iribute it 10 her sister Slales res|ieclivclt,
according Io the charge and oxpenditun
inclined hy each during iho nrduoua and
blood) contest by which Iho title was se-cured.
But Sir, there is a point of view in which | howi vi r
tins question may In- placed, which to in;,
iiiiiid, is perfectly conclusive. The Stiles
HI thai time were under llic articles of Con-
!.! ration ; tin- pi,-.nt dm: million Was
ilopled 'Jiilil '-!'. Now u:ider*llic*e,
Public Ollhi r in the- election of the law-makers,ur
l.uni-., the prop.-riy of Ihe Stale* rnsj.ee.. the appuiuliucnt of those In whom the ex-iii.
ly, ha- i.e. .■ applied Io the puicb.se of eculion of the law is trusted; ihe only piin-oili.
r Lands, it follow* by the common priu. I lege ibey possess is the privilege of paying
c j loa of equity, that the Lands,ao acqilir- luxes ; where personal liberty is but a name
. d, should lie ■ubjecled to the' same rules and the freedom of thought is chained down
ni distribution which upplicdtothe original to Ihe caprice and prejudice of the despol,
subject nut uf winch pa. me ills were made, j " is the interest, as it is very generally tho
Having succeeded, I think, in establish- policy of those in power, to withhold from
iug the iiist branch of my argument, viz— the subject the blessings of General LJu-ihe
justice ami propriety of our claim—'cation,
let IIS proceed to enquire bow Ibe trual has | The object of Ihe institution and main-been
discharged; ill what manner Ihi
compact uas been compli. d with ; llic uu*
uuratanding which existed heiM-eeu ihe par.
ties therein earned nut by the disposition
teuauce ui'< very form ofOoveromont ought
to he tu ■ccurcj the c.vsteiicc uf the budy
| politic, and to alloid to individual* who
compose it, |iersonal protection,security of
if thn waste land* made up to ihe present property, ami the undisturbed enjoyment of
|n nod. As long as a public debt exialed the blessings of life, lu iiupulur liovcrn-ilns
was a legitimate object for the appli-cation
ol any revenue arising from the soli s
—hut tbl* having been paid off, I nut una-ble
lodiacovi r how, under the deed of cos-sum,
any oth rappropnaiio.-i of the funds,
accruing lioin Ihi* source, could have beun
made, than tu ihe Stitea reepoctively, in
ineiils, ui which 0111* is an example, tho
body public is formed by a voluntary asso-ciation
of individuals. Il is a social coin-pacl|
liy which the whole People covenant
w nh each citizen,and euehcitizen with the
whole people, lh.it all shall be governed by
certain laws for the common good. Tho
nl
due proper!I»I , according to tb* term* of firat clause in oul Hill of Right* declares
lie' il. eds. 11 is not my present purpose, that all political power i» vested iliaudde-
Io enter at large into the action lived limn the people only. Here, sir,
which Ihe Ucncral Gon rnmeul has thought' where Ihe popular will is the only fountain
proper to take in the matter. My object of power, where ihe governors are llic sir-now
i-ii. exhibit Ili. claim.-, which our own vunls of lira governed, where the avenues
i j*JJf*i rnli. ia possesses loa portion nf tin i> • promotion are open Io character and Io
I'W Domain for the establishment oi t '.alenl, where the characli r of Iho lleprc-ihu
Congress bad no pow.r to rinse money [Com n School*—equal to thai winch ha* lontalive is but the reflection of the mind
hut through Ihe Stale legislature* for ape-1 Been realized in favor of oilier Slates for and feeling of the constituent body, it ia
cial purposes. Tho 8th article of thai in- Uhnilar purpose*. In order to exhibit to alLiinnortant that the public mind shauhl
struiiicnl pmvides, "ihat all chargi s for War the house the large airmunl »Inch llic State | ho cnbghlenod by the general dilliisiou of
.mil othi r expenses that shall be i n-urn-il , would r. c.ive t-v. u by ijiiV partial division [ the blessings and advantages of Education.
for iho common del. r general welfare, I of the Public Lands, let us, for a moment, Hero, general intelligence is essential t..
and allowed by Congress, shall be defrayed I advert to the appropriation* which have WISH legislation—wise legislation Io good
nut of a ci iinnoii Treasury which shall be been made in behalf of other Slates,whose : laws—which are, every where, inditpensa-
.niiiilud hi 'lies veral Stale*}" and il is 'claims aro prcciaely limilar Io our own.— bio to national prosperity. These three
•! further proud, d that iho Taxes foi paying Sir, I deny lh.it Congress has any authority popoaition*, I think, may be put down as
,l„ pmpnru leach shall belaid and.le.
either by .the Article* of Confederation, or axioms in our political sysiem. Just ami
Jlviedbi lie- authority and direction of Ihcjtha Constitution subsequently ad pled, to whole-ionic Laws can only bo expected from
make such a disposition of the Public Do- hnue-l, vigilant and well informed legisla-uiain.
As a Tru.-'ee, its powers were eon-' tors, and from su:h laws alone, can pros-lined
to the sale of the Land*; alicj which peril* ami happiness he enjoyed by any
inei
id and ire:
i om
Il III.
rained from tbi
II uf 11
■ ••n
• ir i - - -i. i... at Bi l n n
uin -n fxlrnvaganl
-*o repugnant toevcrypr...ci|.leolju.iic«
_9„,„^.np.t.blcw.lhtb»B ..-ralwj.l. r
,„,!,. Stal«'s,_willurge .hem on loiidd op-pression
to injustice. I '.'•» || j mme hath been or may beg
hoi'ictedb, a sip..." »■„,!;: J,,',',, less king of Great BrUa.h.o,
sirenglh,tooppre**i>3 M ,I,I„„. .,.,
,heeo»reder.t,onm.ybe.t»pH»f!'"•
con.in.>n bem in- 'i.
i, rn Country. Pup-nalnnce.
indisputably
r/..\7:^ ■:■■■■■' » ' ■
ich .-hall In- laid and rity dir. ciion tin
several Stale*. To Ihi* .late of things i it-isuug
ai the lime of the deliver) of Ih.
\ irglllia deed. Us provisions must neccs-n
nl> apply- The terms "general chargl
and 6XI" ndllure- " Used m the deed, cvi
denllv refer io the proportion furnished by
each Slate for prosecuting the V\
pi-i in like proportion it was beyond all
d mill ili.-1nie-iitu.il ol the parties to Ihe
il. cd thai tho several Slates should be in-
Ii rcsti :i in the waste Lu***. Now 1 would
s inplv ask, bul llu Stales Continued mi I. r
the aiiieii - of Confederation to lln- pr. seiil
as under anv othi r trust,the proceed*should
hive- bcuil paid ever lulu ihe Tn .i.«urics ol
i,ie it veral State*. But it Ins thought
nnl proper to iici otherwise, and Iho host a-ail
in. ids il can now make In the other nielli-
■r- of Ihe compact, is to deal nut to them
Ihe same iic-asu.e it has pleased Io mile
om io a part.
I find, by rofereuoa Io official document*
ih it Ihe following number of acres liava
mon mi. real am in.-
-ir.ilile from tho w
Virginia, foi
liv tin- hiiHii
Ihon Ion I" I"- •■ eoini.iaii egtali
led oul Oil term* hem fend to
Stati -."
Such, sir. w-.f the clraracler of tho Stall -
to ihe Lauds mtbi i Hi. irrespective limits
i ,;,. period nl I he Vii'irn in War; urn
<iich was the pul lie I
in r. I ."on Iri I bjccl
iiine, » h il in min r oi ili-posingof tho pro-
,.,,!- ol the Public Linda could have been
ew rthoiight "I. but a du.- on among the
, i.r I Slates, accoi ding lot bo usual charge
, a ,l i xpi nd.lun-ashy ihi. deeds of Cusdion
i or . cconlmg to I-'. d* i il [sinul ilion.
This view of ihe subject, I apprehend,
,1 rW. pies d ut,must be co'ielusivc miles* it
e in In sllowll I'lit Ihu I h-tlige ot tio'.irn
- un ni. on Hi.' adption of ihe Ki lerilCon-tituiiou,
has confcrrcil upon tie- CSeneral
;,,., inn,'nl a tith in ih.-i Lands, parn-wilich
prevail' ,1 moiinl Io ihat qouf. rred n| the Si n, aim-
; ,:,'i ihs article of ' 'onfi deration. But ihia
, and O'IL '
, I., he gnu
ih I i.n.
heen gri
itose oi Coll
iiituiPlu III ol lln- Si ili . for the par
s and I 'uilimoil SclliMila
A
Ohio,
Indiana,
Illinois,
Missouri,
M ssissippi,
Al.li.'io-i, - .'
Louiaiana,
Michigan,
Alkiusas,
llol l.l.l.
In all abonl ten million*.
people.
It, Ibe term, Education, Mr. S|icaker.
I it., not mean the mere communication "f
knowledge. This i- bul giving the DOWor
io act, whilst the qui stion whethe-r it will
ne for good or fori ul ; whether the acqui-sition
will he a blearing or a curse Io dm
r.-cipient und In othi rs, will d« peud upon
the iiiiiiui r io which the principles and
di&posiliofi of the iiulividual will inllueoco
him io . inpluy il. Teach Ihe art of writ,
iug to th. m in, in whose hoar! every oth-er
consul, ration is absorbt d by the hive of
-."i:;.-i,:i money, and be will use n in counterfeiting
r.-.o.'il- iho name of his frioml or his neighbor.—
l.i.-i.n'.l (live il to bun, in whose bosom the light
1,477,71)1 old.vine truth bus shed its benign and hal-
'•-ii.Ill lowed influence,, and he will employ it in
U3o,oiHl in.- propagation of iho saving menage to
'.r.'ii.i".:i •• Kanh's remolcal bounds." The Plulaii-l.
i i-,n;u thropisl will. mplui in- knowledge ofOee
..I'.iii,:;:.- grapby and navigation, to diaeovef ami
'.■.'..".•'l supply iho wants of Ins fellow man ; while
tli I'll lie •■ .11 in ■ Io ' i and loguuh