The Patriot and Times, November 26, 1868]

              T
The Patriot and Times
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By James W. AJbright & BM.
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THE PATRIOT AND TIMES.
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hrlect advertisement, and adhere strictly to
tho above i ASH HATES.
rjf*Obitnary notices, over five lines, charged as
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Business Directory.
Attorneys at Law.
S-ott A Scott.
North Kim, apposite Court House.
Gilmer «{• Gilmer,
North Elm, apposite Court House, (see
advertisement.)
Adams d- Staples.
Second floor, 'fate building.
Sralrs .(• Scales, _
North Room, Patrick How,iu rear of 1 or.
bar iV Eckle's Drug Store.
Apothecaries and Druggists.
ft. W. Clrnn, M.U.,
W.st Market Street, McConnel buihling.
Porter <£ Eckel,
Went Market, next courthouse, (see adv.)
Auctioneer.
W. E. Ednards.
Barbers*
watts .(■ wtiey,
North Elm. opposite Court House.
Bankers and Insurance Agents.
limn, U. KtUagg,
South Kim, Tata building, (see adv.)
Wilton <£• Shatter,
South Kim, opposite Express Office, (see
adv.)
Boot and Shoe makers.
E. Kirch Seklagel,
West Market, opposite Mansion Hotel.
Thos. ft Hays,
Davie st., 4 doors North Stcele's corner.
Cigar Manufacturer.
A. ffrockmann,
Booth Kim. Caldwell block.
Cabinet Ulakers and Undertakers.
Join. A. Pritchett,
South Khn, near Depot.
H'm. Collins,
Corner of Sycamore and Davie streets.
Contractor in Brick-work.
Dacid M'Kiii'jht.
ontractors in Wood-work.
/. ./. Collier,
Jan. I.. Oakley.
Itavid Kersey.
Confectioners.
E DtSmet,
Tate Building, corner store.
J Harper Lindsay, Jr.,
Soiitb Klin.
Dress-making and Fashions.
Mrs. .V. Ala a rife,
South Kim. (set adv.)
Mrs. A. Oilworth.
Next door to Times Office.
Dentists.
J. W. Uowlett,
1st door l«-ft hand, up stairs, Ganett's
building.
Dry Goods, Grocers and Produce
Dealers.
W. ft .Moore.
Kast Market, Albright's new building.
/.. //. Eovtzahn.
Corner Kast Market and North Elm,
Lindsay corner, (see adv.)
A. Weatkerlg,
Corner Kast Market a. d Davie streets.
jr. J). Troth r,
East Market, Albright's new building.
/.. A'. Man,
West Market, opposite Porter &. Kcki-1,
S. C. I todson.
West Market, opposite Court House.
Ja*. Sloan <l- Sons,
South Klin, near Depot, (see adv.)
(P. G. Vates.
South Kim.
Smtkk .(• ailmcr.
Opposite Southern Hotel.
J. IK Kline,
Kast Market street,
ft Steclr.
Corner Bast Market and Davis streets.
/>. Jl". c. Benbow,
Corner South Kim and Sycamore.
Boyart <fc Murray,
East Market) South Bide.
Foundry and machine Shop.
J II Tarpley.
Washington st.. on the Railroad.
-Grocers and Confectioners.
Starr-tt «(- White,
Kast Market, next Post Office.
.General Emigration Office, for the
West and South-West.
Loui' Zimmer,
Geu'l Southern Agent. B and O. K. R.,
West Market, opposite Mansion Hotel.
(; nil ford Land Agency of 1%'orth-
Caroliua.
Jno />' Gretter. Gen'l Agent.
West Market, opl'osite Mansion Hotel.
AI ai ncss-ma kers.
J. W. ft Varhtr,
Kast Market st., near Court House.
James E. Thorn,
Corner South Elm and Sycamore.
Jlotels.
Southern Hotel, Scales & Black, proprietors,
West Market, near Court House.
Planter's Hotel, J. T. Reese, proprietor,
Kast Market, near Court House.
Liquor Dealers,
Dean <t- lluoher. Wholesale Dealers,
West Market st., Garrett Building.
.Livery Stables.
JI". ./. lulinoiulson,
Davie street.
millinery and Lady's Goods.
Mrs. W. S. Moore,
Kast Market Albright's new building.
Mrs. Sarah Ada ns.
West Market, opposite Court House.
music and musical Instruments.
Prof. F. II. Mavrire,
South Kim, (see adv.)
-Tailors.
W. L. Fowler,
West-Market, opposite Southern Hotel.
Tinners.
Jno. E. (fSullivan,
Corner West Market and Ashe streets.
('. G. Yates,
South-Elm.
photographers.
HOQIIS J- Yates.
West Market, opposite Court House,
ui rtajr*
ITAT S Patriot XXX. \
V (JjU. \ Times VII. 5
Tomb-Stones.
Henry <i E'l/of/g,
South EMU.
Sign and Ornamental Painting,
A. W. Inifold,
East Market, Albright's block.
Physicians.
A. ft Porter,
West Market st., (near Times Office.)
R. W. (ilenn,
West Market, McConnel buihling.
Jos. K. Hall,
North Elm, opposite court-house.
J. E. Lo<jan,
Corner West-Market and Greene.
Watchmakers and Jewellers.
»'. B. Earrar,
South Elm, opposite Express Office.
Dacid Scott,
East Market, Albright's block.
Guilford County Officers.
Sheriff, R. M. Stafford.
Coroner, John A. Pritchett.
Treasurer, John Hall.
Clerk Superior Court, Ahratn Clapp.
Recorder of Deeds, J. W. S. Parker.
Surveyor, G. W. Bowman.
Commissioners.—Win. M. Mebanc, Chairman ;
Win. W. Wheeler, John C. Denny, Jonathan
Anthony, Zephaniah Mitchell, (colored)
J. W. S. Parker, Clerk er-officio of the board.
Governor's Message.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
ItALEiGH, November 17, 1868.
To the Honorable, the Hen. Asseirddu of N. C:
Gentlemen:—It is proper that at your
first regular session under the new Con-stitution,
I s.'umld lay before you " in-formation
of the affairs of the State,"
and reeoinniend to your consideration
such measures as may be deemed ex-pedient.
The people of the State have recon-structed
their government on the basis
of the equal rights of all. The state is
quiet and tranquil. There is no ground
for apprehending that secession will
again be attempted, or that the peace
of the country will be disturbed.
The year now closing has been rich-ly
crowned with harvests. The sea-sons
have been propitious. A plenti-ful
supply of bread has been produced
for our whole population, so that want
in this respect will not be felt during
the coining year by any who will labor
for a living. Fruits of all kinds have
been gathered in abundance. The
staples of cotton and tobacco are af-fording
fair profits to those who pro-duced
them, while from timber and
naval stores a considerable portion of
our people are realizing good returns,
tis in former years. Our commerce is
increasing. Our mineral resources are
once more in process of development.
Our Railroads are recovering from the
depression under which they formerly
labored, and promising better returns
than heretofore to the State, and to the
Stockholders ; while new lines of Ann
raunication are being laid out, destined
to penetrate, and develop the great na-tural
resources of portions of the State
heretofore untouched by the hand of
improvement. The State credit has
been re-established on a solid basis,
thus giving promise that at no distant
day the bonds of the State will com-mand
as much in the market as those
of the most favored aud prosperous
States.
We have great causes to be thank-ful
to Almighty God for the manifold
blessings which He is bestowing upon
us; and we can confidently look for-ward,
under His protection and guid-ance,
for a condition of prosperity and
happiness which we have not hereto-fore
enjoyed.
STATE DEBT AND FINANCES.
The State debt and finances will
doubtless receive the thoughtful and
careful consideration of the General
Assembly.
The amount of the State debt on the
1st of October, 1808, was nineteen mil-lion
two hundred and nine thousand
nine hundred and forty-five dollars.—
(819,209,045.) This includes estimated
amount of past due interest to be fund-ed
under act of August 20, 1808, of
two millions of dollars. ($2,000,000.)
The above amount ($19,209,945,) is in-clusive
of bonds issued for internal im-provement
purposes since May 20,
1801, and prior to the year 1800. The
amount of these bonds is one million
one hundred and twenty-eight thous-and
dollars, ($1,128,000,) and the esti-mated
interest thereon due and unpaid
is one hundred and eight thousand five
hundred and ten dollars ($108,510.)
The amount of interest which had
matured October 1st, 1808, and been
paid in cash, is one hundred and twelve
thousand one hundred and oue dollars.
($112,101.) The interest maturing at
subsequent dates during the present
fiscal year is as follows: January 1st,
18G9, three hundred and eight thous-and
one hundred & ninety-seven dollars.
($308,197. April 1st, 1809, three hun-dred
and four thousand one hundred
and one dollars, ($304,101.) July 1st,
1803, three hundred and eight thous-and
one hundred and ninety seven
dollars. ($308,197.) Total for fiscal
year ending Seprember 30, 1869, one
million thirty-two thousand five hun-dred
and ninety six dollars. ($1,032,-
590.) The amount of interest above
stated as falling due April 1st, 1809,
includes interest on bonds four millions
five hundred thousand dollars, ($4,500,-
000.) vet to be issued bearing date Oc-tober
1st, 1868.
The balance remaining in the hands
of the Public Treasurer October 1st,
l.SoS, was one hundred and fifty thous-and
thirty four dollarsand eighty-four
cents. ($150,034.84.) The amount
from taxes, including payments in Oc-tober,
is two hundred and twenty-six
thousand seven hundred and six dollars
forty-two cents. ($226,706.42.) The
taxes from several counties remain un-paid,
but we cannot expect more than
seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,-
000) from this source.
The estimated probable expenses of
GREENSBOEO, N. C, THUESDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1868. {NO. 43.
the State government during the pre-sent
fiscal year will be, three hundred
and seventy fire thousand two hun-dred
and thirty dollars ($375,230.)—
Add interest falling due during fiscal
year, of one million thirty-two thous-and
five hundred and ninety-six dollars,
($1,032,590,) will leave the amount to
be provided for one million four hun-dred
and seven thousand eight hun-dred
and twenty-six dollars. ($1,407,-
820.) To meet this the Treasurer will
have fiftv thousand thirty-four dollars
and eighty-four cents, ($50,034 84.) af
ter paving one hundred thousand dol-lars
f $100,000,) temporarv loan ; taxes
received since October 1st, 1808, nine-ty-
five thousand one hundred and
Dinety-six dollars and thirty-seven
cents, ($95,196 37 j) estimated taxes
due, seventy-five thousand dollars;
($75,000.) proceeds of sale of North
Carol:ua Railroad bonds, one hundred
and seventeen thousand six hundred
dollars: ($117,000,) making a total of
three hundred and thirty seven thous-and
eight hundred and thirty-one dol-lars
and twenty-one cents; ($337,831.-
21.) Leaving the amount of one mil-lion
and sixty-nine thousand nine hun-dred
and uinetv-four dollars aud seven-ty-
nine cents, ($1,009,994 79,) to be
provided for by taxation during the
present fiscal year.
The stocks aud bonds held by the
State in corporations, aud interest due
from said corporations, is as follows :
Stocks, eight million live hundred and
thirty-four thousand five hundred dol-lars,
($8,534,500.) Bonds, four million
two hundred and thirty-four thousand
dollars, ($4,234,000.) Interest, four
hundred and seventy-two thousand
live hundred dollars, ($472,500.) Mak-ing
a total of thirteen million two hun-dred
and forty one thousand dollars,
($13,241,000.)'
I recommend that some mode be
provided to ensure the payment of this
interest, and of such interest as may
be due the State in future from corpor-ations.
The report of the Public Treasurer
will contain full details of the public
debt, with recommendations as to the
best means of providing for interest.—
I have full confidence in thatofficer, and
respectfully commend his statements
and views to the consideration of the
General Assembly.
The estimated value of all the prop-erty
in the State, lands and their im-provements
included, is two hundred
and fifty millions of dollars. ($250,000,-
000.) 1 do not regard this as an extrav-agant
estimate, but assuming that it is,
and putting it at two hundred millions,
($200,000,000,) it is clear that the peo-ple
of the State are folly able to carry
on their government and at the same! ime
provide for the payment of the interest
on their debt. An ad valorem tax of
one per cent on two hundred millions
would raise two millions. At a half
per cent, it would be one million. A
citizen worth five thousand dollars clear
of debt, would pay twenty five dollars
to the State, in order to raise the mill-ion
that will be necessary—and so on
in proportion. The interest on the Slate
debt should be met promptly and in
good faith, and the taxes necessary to
meet it shouldbelevied. TheConstitu-tion
which we have all sworn to support,
provides that the public debt "shall ne-ver
be questioned." If we hesitate to
meet the interest of the debt, or if we
fail from any cause to make due provis-ion
to meet it, we thereby "question'
the debt, and do violence to our solemn
obligation. I beleive that the General
Assembly will impose, and that the peo
pie of the State will cheerfully pay
whatever amount may be necessary to
meet the interest on the debt. 1 believe
it will be popular to make such provis-ions,
but whether popular or not, it
should be. done. The great question
for astatesman is, whatisright t—what
does duty require under the circumstan-ces?
If the answer is, do a certain
thing, do it, and leave it to time, events
and ajust publicjudgment to vindicate
and sustain the doers.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
The people of the State are so fully
committed to internal improvements
that I deem it necessary to say but lit-tle
on the subject. Since the close of
the rebellion State aid has been exten-ded
to the Wilmington, Charlotte and
Rutherford Road—to the Fayetteville
and Western Road—to the Chatham
aud Coalfields Road—to the Tarbor-ough
and Williamston Road, and to
the Western North-Carolina Road. The
work on the latter Road is being vig-orously
prosecuted between Morgantou
and Ashville. A company has been
organized, under an act of the General
Assembly at its last session, for the
Western Division of this Road, ami it
is expected that during the coming year
the routes will be surveyed, and much
of the work put under contract. While
I would properly estimate the import-ance
of the other improvements refer-red
to, 1 could not overstate the value
of the extension west of the Blue Ridge.
These Roads, one to Paint Rock and
the other to Ducktown, will open to im-migration,
and will greatly improve
aud benefit a region of the State which
has heretofore been neglected, and
which is equal to any in the world in
natural resources. There is no work
to which the people of the State are
more fully committed, both by interest
aud inclination; and 1 have every con-fidence
that it is in bauds that will press
it to a speedy completion.
IMMIGRATION
The constitution provides that "there
shall be established, in the office of the
Secretary of State, a Bureau of Statis-tics.
Agriculture, and immigration,
under such regulations as the General
Assembly may prescribe,"
The attemon of the General Assem-bly
is especially invited to that portion
of the report of the Secretary of State
herewith transmitted, which refers to
this subject. No State in the Union
presents greater inducements than ours
does to immigrants. I feel sure the
General Assembly concurs with me as
to the importance of encouraging im-migration;
and I trust that body Will
at once adopt such measures on the
subject as it may deem practicable and
effective in their opeiatii n. We have
a salubrious climate, a varied soil, an
abundance of the most valuable min
erals, inexaustable water-power, fine
grazing lands, vast forests of timber ot
all kinds, a long sweep of seacoast; and
in fine, every thing, material and phys-ical,
which in a country in some res
pects almost new, can attract immigra
tion and fill the measure of their ex-pectations.
Our government is now
settled on a solid basis. The lawsare
over all alike, and are faithfully and
honestly administered. Society is
peaceable and tranquil. Immigrants,
therefore, will not only be welcomed by
our people, but will be protected and
respected, and a fair field will be open-ed
to them, in comm on with those
who are here, to improve their con-dition.
EDUCATION.
The attention of the General As-sembly
is respectfully invited to the
Report of the Superintendent of Pub-lic
Instruction, herewith transmitted.
That officer is diligently engaged in
his duties I am satisfied, from my
knowledge of his character and qualifi-cations,
that he will be able to put in
operation, at an early period, under
the sanction of the General Assembly,
a system of " school and means of ed-ucation"
in all respects better and more
extensive than any heretofore in ex-istence
in the State.
The University of the State is in-separably
connected with the free pub-lic
schools. Both should be fostered.
Education in agriculture, mechanics,
mining, engineering, and in all the
useful arts and sciences, should be
encouraged. Normal instruction should
be provided for at once, that we may
have well educated teachers of our
own for our public schools.
Nearly all the State school fund, the
proceeds for the most part of the funds
deposited with this State by the gener-al
government in 1830, has been lost.
It is unnecessary to show it was lost,
or to dilate upon the advantages thus
snatched from us. Regrets are vain
for what is past. Let us improve the
present, and address ourselves to the
future. We must have free public
schools for all the children of the State,
at what ever cost. This is a duty
which can neither be postponed nor
evaded. So thoroughly am I impress-ed
with this duty, and so earnestly am
I committed to every feasible measure
to render its full fcrformanee certain,
that but for the assurance that it will
be thus performed 1 would despair of
free popular government in North
Carolina. " Education is the cheap
defence of.nations," not only from with-out
but within. It is that light which
distinguishes refined and civilized from
barbarian races. Itformsandcompacts
the only society among men which is
worthy of the name. It touches the
earth, and it blossoms with luxuriance;
its soil yields its choicest fruits, its
mines open and pour out their varied
treasures, and its rivers and seas are
whitened with commerce, which carries
with it not only exchangeable wealth,
but ideas in government, literature,
science and art. it is the only sure
basis of good morals, for without it
the Divine Word, the fountain of all
truth, would be a sealed book, it is
the strongest bulwark that can be
erected tt) protect the rights of pro-perty.
Property holders are, therefore,
specially interested in promoting educa-tion.
Taxes for such a purpose should
be cheerfully aud promptly paid. The
affluent and the enlightened can afford
to care in t'uis respect for the poor and
the ignorant, since it is not merely
their duty, but their highest interests
are thus best subserved. But little,
if any of the money expended foreduca-tion
is sent out of the State. It re-mains
with us, and while our people
are thus enriched with knowledge,
they are not rendered poorer even in
money, as the latter is collected from
the citizens by one hand of the State
and immediately disbursed to them by
the other.
The people of the State are anxious
that industrious ami worthy immi-come
hither and settle
It is a primary question
with all such immigrants whether in
the communities or State in which they
are invited to settle, there are facilities
for educating their children. If we
tlo not put in operation as good public
schools as there are in other portions
of the country, we cannot hope to at-tract
to the' State any considerable
number of immigrants. They will con-tinue
to turn their steps towards other
regions, not more inviting than ours,
it is true, in climate, soil and material
resources, but in which they can secure
for their children, at the public charge,
a system of schools to fit them to be-come
intelligent and useful citizens.
The people of North Carolina have
long been a unit in favor of education.
From the days of Yancey, Murphey,
Stauly, Cameron, Gastou, Caldwell,
and others, to the present, their en-lightened
statesmen of all parties have
enjoined this as the first duty of the
State. I am persuaded that the pur-pose
to educate the rising generation
is as firmly fixed now as at any former
period. This is a subject on which all
can agree. A rivalry can exist in this
grants should
among us.
respect which will be generous iu its
nature, which will violate no sacred
rule of charity, and which, honoriug
those who may engage in it, will con
ter immeasurable benefits and bless-iugs
on this aud future generations.
I recommend, iu the most earnest
terms, that the General Assemblv du-ring
its presort session provide for a
general and uniform system of public
schools. The schools for the white
and colored children should be separ-ate,
but in other respects theie should
be no difference in the character of the
schools, or in the provision made to sup-port
them
The Board of Education and the
Trustees of the University w ill doubt-less
make reports to the General As-sembly
at an early day as to the con-dition
of the educational interests con-fided
to them. Both these Boards are
fully organized, and have transacted
some important business.
PROTECTION TO LABOR.
The Constitution provides that "the
General Assembly shall provide, by
proper legislation,for giving to mechan-ics
aud laborers an adequate lien on
the subject mattor of their labor."
The conflict always going on be-tween
capital and labor, the latter is
more likely to suffer than the former;
first, because money or capital is now
or; and secondly, because capital is
generally controlled by a greater de-gree
of intelligence than that which
characterizes labor, Labor can not
afford to combine against capital to en-force
its lights, for the reason that it
can not, like capital, retire within it-self
and await results. Both should
be protected in such manner as to pre-vent
either from encroaching on the
rights of the other, Contracts in writ-ing
should be encouraged, and should
be strictly enforced. The mechanic or
laborer should be required to perform
his contract with scrupulous fidelity ;
and on the other hand, no opportunity
should be afforded to the contractor or
employer to evade payment when the
contract has thus been performed;—
The life of labor is steady employment
at compensating wages, with the cer-tainty
of payment. The life of capital
is steady enterprise and investment,
unembarrassedby idleness, inattention,
non-performance, or slack performance
of contracts by those employed. I can
perceive no difference, iu a legal or
moral point of view, between a con-tract
broken by a mechanic or laborer,
and an obligation disregarded by a
capitalist Of employer. The mechanic
and the laborer should be protected,
but not to the detriment of the employ-er
when the latter has fully complied
with his obligation. The former should
be assured, while laboring, that the re-ward
of his labor will be realized; and,
to effect this, there should be a lien iu
every case until he is paid. The reme-dy
should be plain, speedy and cheap.
As a general rule the mechanic and la-fbores
can not afford to engage in suits
at law and pay fees.
This is a subject which excites no
small interest among the people.—
Those especially who live by their labor
will continue to press the subject upon
the attention of the General Assembly
until suitable laws for their protection
are enacted. A workingman myself,
I feel a deep interest in whatever con-cerns
the workingman of the State.—
Our present and future prosperity
must be based on labor. Labor should
not only be honored, but it should be
protected and promoted by every prac-ticable
means.
But while labor should be protected
and honored, idleness should receive
no countenance or favor. Every one
should be required to pursue some
honest calling for a living: and the
presumption should be, as it fairly and
justly is, that an habitual idler with
no known or visible means of support,
is in a condition to be tempted to the
commission of crime. It is idlers and
loungers who, for the most part, till
our jails and workhouses, as they will
fill the penitentiary. There is work of
some kind for all to do, and all should
be employed.
STAY LAWS.
The law of creditor and debtor is of
the first importance. The relations of
these two classes should be plainly and
carefully defined, and contracts should
be promptly enforced. Our State gov-ernment
will not be in complete opera-tion
until every impediment to the col-lection
of debts is removed. Stay laws
which give indulgence beyond the
usual dilatory pica, or beyond the
ordinary stay ofexecution on sufficient
security, are, under any circumstances,
of doubtful utility. The "evil days"
of payment, as it is termed, is post-poned
in most cases to be felt with
added force by the debtor. A sound
and judicious credit system should not
he discouraged, but should rather l>e
fostered and maintained ; but such a
system is impaired, if not destroyed,
bv general laws which may be said to
place the creditor fir y ars in the hands
of the debtor, with the certainty it
mav plead for indulgence aud lenity as
it is n asonable to do so, or as long as
there is a wellgrounded assurance that
he will be able to pay; but complaint
may jnstlv proceed from the creditor,
who has certainly wronged no one by
first extending credit tor his property
or goods, and by subsequent indul-gence
and forbearance. Stay laws of
various kinds have been iu operation
iu this State for years. 1 say nothing
as to their constitutionality ; but even
when the unfortunate condition in
which we have been placed duriug this
■iM™"amai^*flawawnaiBai
the rebelliou nu- not confined to par-ticular
cases. They were general,
affecting the whole people of (he State
in every walk of society. If a debtor
cannot pay iu the last resort, alter
reasonable indulgence has been ex-tended
to him, he is a bankrupt. What
rendf r<dhim a bankrupt—whether the
rebellion, or his own improvidence, or
want of economy or foresight—is not
material to the argument. We may
lament his misfortunes and sympathize
with him, but still the fact remains
that he is still in possession of pro-perty
which justly belongs tobiscredi-tors,
some of whom may have been
reduced to his condition by his failure
td meet his obligations. The ouly
refuge ofsuch a person is to compromise
with his creditors, or to enter a court
of bankruptcy, or to inako such an
exhibit aud disposition of his property
and effects as will satisfy his creditors,
that he is fixed iu an honest puri>oso
to do thorn justice. I do not by any
means concur in the opiuion that an
honest bankrupt has inenrred nny
serious loss of character as a business
man, or that he should be distrusted
or avoided. Such a man, on the con-trary,
has displayed honesty, moral
courage and candor which entitled him
to the respect and confidence of his
neighbors; especially when we remem-ber
that we have just emerged from
a condition in which nothing was solid,
and in which nearly every one was in-volved
in pecuniary disaster and dis-tress.
Failure in business or loss of
property should but stimulate to re-newed
exertion. The honest, industri
ous and upright citizen, howsoever
reduced or depressed by misfortune,
will always find friends to aid him in
his efforts to improve his condition.
I receomniend that the stay laws bo
repealed, and that creditor and debtor
be jdaeed on a footing similar to that
which they occupied previously to the
rebellion.
The homestead exemption provided
in the Constitution, even if not good
again-t former debts, will nevertheless
ojM»rate beneficially in the future. It
will secure a home for the family in
any evont; and it will have a salutary
effect to a certain extent iu checking
extravagance in the credit system.
THE MILITIA.
Attention is invited to the Report of
the Adjutant'General, herewith sub-mited.
The views and suggestions of
the Adjutant General have my entire
approval. The opinion of Washington
utttered in L790, that a "free people
ought not only to be armed, but discip-lined,''
and that a well-organized mili-tia
"is certainly an object of primary7
importance, whether viewed in refer-ence
to the national security, to the
satisfaction of the comunity, or to the
preservation of order," is not less weigh-ty
or important now than it was then.
The expenditure inenrred thus far on
account ot the militia is quite small.—
I did not deem it expedient or neces-sary
to avail myself of the power con-ferred
upon me to purchase arms. A
considerable quantity of arms, with
necessary equipments and nmtnnnition,
has been procured without cost, save
for transportation. It is important
that the militia should be enrolled, but
it is not deemed essential that the en-tiro
body should be desciplined or drill-ed.
Th ? recommendations of the Ad-jutant
General on this subject seem to
me to be such as should meet, as I
trust they will, the approval of the
General Assembly.
It is estimated that the expenses of
the Adjutant General's office for tho
ensuing year, including his salary, will
not exceed five thousand dollars, ($.">,-
000.) I recommend an appropriation
sufficient to cover that amount.
ECONOMY IN PUBLIC EXPENDITURES.
I cannot too earnestly commend to
the attention of the General Assembly
the Importance of enforcing economy
in the public expenditures. Public
officers who disburse the public moneys
should be required to be as careful and
economical as they would be as indi-viduals
iu their business transactions.
The State is in debt, the people are. for
the most part poor, and it is, there-fore,
especially important that economy
should be observed. I recommend
that the duties of the State Auditor
be clearly and fully deiined, and that
it be made his duty to examine rigidly
every account or claim against the
State, of whatsoever character, before
the Governor is required by law to
issue his warrant for the same.
DUTIES OF PUBLIC OFFICERS AND
THEIR SALARIES.
Atteution is respectfully invited to
the fact that the duties of tlie Secreta-ry
of State, Auditor, Treasurer, Suj»er-iiitendent
Of Public Works, Superin-tendent
of Public Instruction, ami tho
Attorney General, have not yet been
prescribed by law. It is important
that the duties of these officers be at
once prescribed.
It n also recommended that just and
reasonable salaries be allowed these
and all other public officers, v public
officer is expected to devote his whole
time to his duties, and he shonld bo
well paid for his services. A govern-ment
which pays extravagant salaries
sets an injurious example of extrava-gance
ami waste to its citizens; but
one that doles out a bare living to an
officer who conscientiously ami sedn-ously
derotea himself to its service,
is not only unjust to flic officers and to
itself, but it loses respectability in the
eyes of the world, and will not long
command that efficiency and peculiar
fitness in its officials which is so desir-able
in the administration of public
all'airs.
PENITENTIARY.
It will be seen by the Rejwrt of the
Commissioners herewith transmitted,
that they have located the lVniteiitiary
near Lockville, on Deep River in
Chatham County. The si uatiou is
deemed an excellent one. in all respects.
Arrangements an in progress to erect
a stockade on the site, and couvicU
will be employed in grading thefuunda
neriod is considered, it cannot be u. - tions and quarrying stone for the bu.ld-sumed
that the debtor will be harshly | ing. 1 have addressed a letter to eej h
treated if now required to meet his j of the Sheriffs of the State, inquiring
obligations. The losses incurred by the number of prisoners, the crimes for
\