The Greensborough patriot [April 22, 1859]

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xtm atriol
A. Family Newspaper-Devoted to [Politics, Literature, Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, and Miscellaneous Reading.
VOLUME XXI. GREENSBOROUGH, N. C, FRIDAY MORNING, APRIL 22, 1859. NUMBER 10t&
lv$iut$% ®arir5.
r HGB6ECOCK, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
V*"..,.,„ N 0. Feb. 17, 1858. *J72 tf.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
GREENSB0B0UGH, N. C.
It. A, ». HILL,
LEXINOTON, N. C
OIMII & I'TLET, COMMISSION AND
. rwai ling Merchants, Knyeiieville, N. C.
.1
i
1)
V,
i FREEMAN, WITH ABBOTT, JONES &
\ , .porters and Jobbers of Staple and Fancy
., is. No. 163 Market .Street, Philadelphia.
.»RS. C. I- * «• ■- PATMEJ COPARTNERS
J| . , ■■■-.■ ui Medicine, Obstetrics and Surge-
Jtetiagton, N. C.
«• \l'WIJX« Manufacturer and Wholesale
| „d Retail dealer in TIN and SHEET IKON
fit COOKING STOVES, fto., High
1 - 59.
8 irBBXCE HOISE,
i , HiL'h
Point, N. C.
M 3m
Point, N. C.
T. Laurence, Proprietor.
>:.:••- in lb59. 27 Cm
infill POISIT, X. C. R. R.—Pa«sen-
I .. . ID gel conveyance at LAURENCE'S lio-
. . "'- •• arrival of each train, to any place in the
1%-Siingcountry. E. & A WELCH.
V..' 14.1859. 'it 3m
kR8. COFFIM & COBLE, JAMESTOWN,
^ t - i i:ited themselves together for the
, ... PRACTICING MEDICINE in all its various
ii attention given to SURGERY. Of-
.,.;. i.. De| it. Feb. 1869. 24 tf.
1)
.".- -•
I) I JAMES K. HALE, HAVING REMOVED
.\,. . . N. (,'., offers his Professional
..... | iil.lic. Office on West Market Street,
';. '. , .. isc recently occupied as a residence by Hon.
}..:.»•• •' February, 1858. 1)73 tf
I |W COPiBTXEBSlllP.-J. A. LONG A:
II Ji 1 CALDWBLL, Greensborough, N. C, having
. _,: . Ivea in the practice of the law, in the
.. .... • rd county, will promptly attend to all
,..,...•- isted to their care. Jan. 1858. 9C7tf
J0||\ if. I'iVM:, ATTORNEY AT LAW.
. ■ ineotly located in Greensborough, N.
, Inter Ithe Courts of Randolph Davidson and
-..•-;. U. 1 promptly attend to the collection of all
."..}.. .1 i" his hands. Jan. '.'. IB67. 915 tf
•ITSOV & MIMRK. GENERAL COMM1S-
... Merchants, '■'.'■†Hurling Slip. New \ ork.—
li .' * .-:■ -ii paid to the sale of Grain, Cotton and
> mthern products. HayLibenil advances made
H
n-igniuctits. 916 tf
a distance
971 tf
MIKHEK WORKS.—GEORGE HEINRICH.
-,...- irer ofMonuments, Tombs, Head-stones,
. .-. ti reduced prices. OPPOSITE THE DEPOT,
:• •.-. rough, N. C. PaT Orders from
• ;'.'• ••
HiUBLETOK SIIEPI'ERD. ATT<i 1 N1 V
A. LAW. formerly of Salem, N. C, but now of
11 \\ lulon, Georgia.
Will practice in the counties of Wilkinson, Twiggs,
:..:••--. rolaaki, Irwin, Wilcos, Telfair, Montgom-ny
-J.i Washington. Jan. 21,1869. ly
t CARD.—J. r. Jollee lias purchased:
.\ lob tall, a largo and well selected STOCK „.
t itituiliC. Hoots. SIlOCH and Hats, which he
■tU«l CHEAP FOR CASH, or to punctual customers
,u aatwrl -.• lit.
UtttkrSB, 1868. 8tf
9**i*t*J &MI%.
JAMES M. EDRET, 147 Chamber*-**,
New iork. buys every kind of Merchandize on the
best terms, and forwards for 2} per cent, commission.
Dealer in Pianos, Parlor Organs, Organ Melodeong,
Melodeons, Harps, Guitars, Stools, Covers, Music, etc.,
wholesale and retail. All Instruments warranted.
Agent for " Lindsay's Patent Pump," Garden En-gine,
etc. Circulars of Instruments and Pumps sent
free on application. Refers to John A. Gilmer, C. P
Mendenhall, D. L. Swain, and others. 950
RE. DOWHLI/S Photographic Gal-
• lery is now openod, andCameotypes, Melaino-types,
and AMBROTYPES, which sannot be surpassed
for DURABILITY and BEAUTY arc taken in Lockets,
Pins and Cases, to suit the tastes and purses of all.—
Having permanently located in Greensborough, they
confidently expect a liberal patronage.
Bfey* Call and examine Specimens, and iearn the
Prices. Rooms formerly occupied by A. StarrctI, sec-ond
story of Garrett's brick building, Wist Market St.,
Greensborough, N. C. March, 1858. !>71 tf
(I'MK.i: II. KELLY, COMMISSION MEB-
* chant, and Dealer in Family Groceries and Pro-visions,
No. 11, North Water Street. WILMINGTON, N.
C. Will keep constantly on hand, Sugars, Coffees, Mo-lasses,
Cheese, Flour, Butter, Lard, Soap, Candles,
Crackers, Starch, Oils, Snuffs, &c.
References:—O. G. Parsley, President of Commercial
Bank; John McRae, President Bank of Wilmington,
Wilmington, N. 0. A. M. Gorman, Rev. R. T. Heflin,
Raleigh. J. Ac F. Garret, David McKnight, Greensbo-rough,
N. C.
IN
CtHAREES S. FEATHER,
; WHOLESALE DEALER
ROOTS. SHOES AXD ltlt(H.t\s,
No. 4'J North Third Street, above Market St.,
Philadelphia,
Respectfully solicits the attention of Merchants to his
stock of City and Eastern Manufacture, adapted to the
trade of North Carolina.
Bjay Particular attention paid to Orders.
Refers with permission to Messrs. J. R. & J, Sloan,
Greensborough, N. C. Oct. 8, 1858. ly
s'TEVEXSOX & BOWEX,
Wholesale Healers in Ury Goods,
HAVE ASSOCIATED WITH TIIKM
Daniel M. Zimmerman,
formerly of LINCOLNTON, N. C, and romoved to the
large Store .\o. 58 Xorth 3rd Street, below
Arch, where an increased stock will be kept, and
inducements offered coital to any house in the trade.
Philadelphia. Jan. 2D, 1859. 19 Cm
£jtt gfoOTstouflif ||atrai
M. 8. SHERWOOD. JAMIS A. LONG.
SHERWOOD & LONG,
EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.
TERMS: S2.00 A YEAR, IN tDYAJSCE.
Rates of Advertising.
OSB dollar per square for the first week, and twenty-five
cents fer every week thereafter. TWELVE LINKS OE
LESS makiug a square. Deductions made in favor of
standing matter as follows:
3 MONTHS. C MONTHS. 1 TEAR.
One square §3 50 $5 50 $8 00
Two squares, 7 00 10 00 14 00
Three " 10 00 15 00 20 00
(IVY \OTICE.—Theundersigned has removed
<to>e«bern, with the intention to devote himself
. lirtolhe practice oi" the law. He will attend the
•.:'"- it. all of the surrounding counties, and will also
••• ;i-H l.l. re the Supreme Court ai Raleigh.
.'..i.l, !-:.•. 6m D. K. MoRAE.
JJI. ROTHROCK, ». H. S-, RESPECT-
• fully offers his professional services to the citizens
of Greensborough. and all others who desire operations
performed oiSlhc TEETH in the latest and best style. '
Persons unacquainted, can have any satisfactory refer-ence
as to character, skill. &C . &0.; and the advantage
of eight years constant practice in MEDICINE AND
DENTISTRY, with every new discovery that is valua-ble.
S>&~ He has furnished his OPERATING ROOMS
on Market Street, secoud story of Garrett's brick build-ing,
.where he will always be found unless professionally
vbsent. April 29, 1858. '.<-- if
• ri tU.ES J- M- CLAI1K.
1I.M1V A CLARK, COMMISSION MER-V
'HANTS. WilllliimtOII. X.V. Prompt per-
• i. attention given to consignments of Naval Stores.
■• :. or other Country Produce, for sale or shipment.
- .:.r>in Lime, Plaster, Cement, Hair, .vc
.'.: uarj 20, 1869. ly
A.'
New Yori*. \ Win. A.Scott,
ti"
I'.M'IIKKY, of Xorth Carolina,
With WM. GRAY DON fc CO.,
urters and Jobber of Ury floods. 46 PARK
..MK. and 11 BARCLAY STREET.
Wm. Graydon, \ M w ta | Geo. II. Seeley,
I.. Graydon. j
cember, 185H.
US If. ROWLAND. ' W. D. RBTNOLUS. | J. H. ROWLAND.
11OWLANU S. REYNOLDS, SUCCESSORS
\ :.. Anderson & Reynolds, Grocer;- anil Commission
-•h..r:*«. KOPEOLK, Y.i. 9&~Pay particularat-
-. n to the sale n" Flour, Grain. Tobacco, etc.. avoid-
I oanecessary charges, and rendering prompt re-
•.-. December, 1857. 903 tf
\\M. H. KIRKSEY, COMMISSION MER-y
ehanl and General Agent, Morehead City, N.C.
■••.-n i to buying, selling, receiving and forwarding
.:. I- .it produce and merchandise.
:. • -.-.. GOT. J. M. Morehead, Greensborough, N.
1 an Ii. Ilaughton, Esq.. Newberne, N. C. Dr. F.
"-..'. Wilmington. N. C. II. A. London, Esq.. Pitts-
.... N. C June 1. 1858. 987 tf
| EVIXCTON JEWELRY STORE.—
II [be subscriber has on hand the fine GOLD LE-
. WATCHES manufactured by Johnson of Liver-
. Mid Bison of London. Also, the Silver Lever
l- and common Virge Watch, with a variety 01
. LKY of nil descriptions. All of which will be
i >■ for cash. Watches of all descriptions repaired.
•if GEORGE RILEY.
• •TtlKfTt.l Al.KX. ui.Ml 1M.
CTOKELY & OLDIItU, GROCERS ANB
'-on .--. n Merchants, Wilmington, N. C. Liber-
••• ■•■ e< made on produce consigned to us, when
•-•..v.-—Col. John McRae, President of the Bank
President of the
94 I ly
OTTO III HER, JEWELLER AXD
WATCH-MAKER, West Market, GRBENSROBO*,
N. C-, has on hand and is receiving a splendid and welt
selected sto.'k of tine and fashionable Jewelry of every
description, among which may be found several niagni-ticient
sets of coral Jewelry.
He has also a stock of tine Gold and Silver Watches.
All repairing done in the BEST MANNER and war-ranted.
AH persons purchasing Jewelry, would do well
to call on him before purchasing elsewhere, as he is
confident that he can sell as good bargains as can be
bought in this market.
August 1st. 1868. 99Gtf.
ttESHIXGS &. BAILEY',
I PUBLISHERS AND WHOLESALE HEALERS IN
HOOKS AND STATIONERY,
.V-. 262 Baltimore Street, opposite Hanover-st.,
Raltiniore. Maryland.
Offer a full assortment of SCHOOL. CLASSICAL,
LAW, MEDICAL and MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS.—
They are prepared to execute orders for LIBRARIES,
COLLEGES and SCHOOLS on the most favorable terms.
Their Stock of Stationery embraces all its
branches, and contains a varied assortment.
January 20, 1859. 19 5m*
\(.I:RKII & SMITH.
NO. 43 NORTH THIRD STREET,
Philadelphia.
Invite the attention of the trade of NOKT11 CAROLI-NA
to their large and varied stock of
Rio Coffee,
Sugars, &c,
which arc offered a! the
lowest nctt rates,
and in lots to suit purchasers.
Their purchases being made
exclusively for cash,
enables them to oner
GOODS AT VERY LOW FIGURES.
January 1, 1859. ly
r
i itlgt Ii. O. G. Par-'..'.-. Esq.,
■-•r...:i;.u,k. Aug. 28, 1857.
: <• M ..rr. WILL. L. SCOTT.
w'lrTT & SCOTT, ATTORNEYS AND COBN-
" r-at Law, - - GREENSBOROOGH, N. C
I v:.v. the Courts of Guilford, Alamanoe, R*n-
•• I'iVi,...!. Forsythand Rockingham. All claims
".:.i;.. • . Uection, will receive prompt
■†"■ n. Oftl • on North Street, fourth door from
;•'- r rner.
IH.AIKS.ZA FULL 8BPPLYOF BLANK WAR-
* '■/'■• -. Deeds, Deeds of Trust, Attachments. Decla-
' :a Ejectment, Administrator's Notices, and
*'-.■' ether I rms, will always be found at the Store of
*' '. l>«jh»on & Grimes, in Lexington, who are our
•'•: r •:..•■ . rthe same; and who are also our
'touiivr and forward to ns, till kinds of Job
'<» SHERWOOD ,v LONG.
ij LMEXUEXH ILL, LANB AGENT, WILL
**«••• .i i enter Government Land. Locate Land
• «t«, aukeiave- m»nts for capitalists at Western
:.. • i. il real estate bu-rn
\1. : . - ,' ,. i iwa and Wisconsin. Address,
''!•'■•, Minne ota.
."'•';'--lb n. .I. M. Morehead. George C. Men-
, •■'■'. Walter Gwynn and Hou John A Gilmer.
•••r !••..!«-,.•. 888 tf
i'il.l.. 1858! Hamilton At Graham,
. IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS,
Are now prepared to otier on the most favorable terms,
to WHOLESALE BEYERS, a large stock of For-eign
and Homes! ic Ury Goods, selected
with areat care lor the Fall At Winler Trade,
which, lor variety, beauty, and its adaptation to the
NORTH CAROLINA.
VIRGINIA, AND
TENNESSEE TRADE,
will be found second to none. Buyers from all sections
are invited to a close and rigid examination of our Stock,
See. No. GU SYCAMORE STREET,
Petersburg, V'a.
prices,
September 10.
'•v.» McltiKV &. CO.. FACTORS AND
lion Met hants. Agents for the sale and
T^fCotton Flour. Grain, Salt. Groceries, >\c..
"ii •.-. and Water Streets. Wilmington, N. C.
.-. *. tvanccs on < !onsignment -
'••••• H. II Savage, Cashier Bank of Cape
i.!:-•-.1.1' -, Brown, Wilmington, N. ('. F. &
"..-.'•.. N. c. C. Graham A Co., Marion C.
lerton & Co., Lexington. N. C.
''''■'•'•. ■ pposite th e will he , \.:i.r. | .,, ro,.(.iv
I L ti. IHIMIIS has removed his HAR-
*itM:' to ji,,. rooms recently occupiedbj
two doors North of LINDSAY'S
lie New Court House,
receive calls from his old
. ,, * ' generally. It is his intention
!< tUYi-"••'•''"''""'a GOOD ASSORTMENT
IXESg, and other articles in his line, which
ii ". ' .'ll", ' ' BeU ■'" reasonable terms.
—-, ^0, lbo'j. ,.Jlf
HOTEL.
JOS. A. McLEAX
Would respectfully announce lo the public that he has
opened ■ Holel on South Street, in STATESVI LLE,
N.C. His table will always be furnished with the
best the market affords. His constant aim will be to
promote the comfort of his guests; and he will spare
no trouble or expense in making the weary traveler
comfortable.
Statesville, October 16, 1^58. • tf
J.W. IOWIRT, !>■† D. s. J. F. HOWLKTT.
W. HOWLETT At SOX, DENTISTS, RE-spectfully
offer their professional services to the
citiiene of Greensborough and all others who may de-sire
operations performed on their teeth in the most
approved, modern and scientific manner. They are
amply qualified lo perform all and every operation per-taining
in any way to Deutal Surgery, unsurppssed for
ability or beauty.
The Senior of the firm has in his possession Diplomas
from the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. Ameri-an
Society of Dental Surgeons, nuff Dr. S. S. Fitch of
Philadelphia, and has been in the regular practice oi
the profession for over twenty years.
They have furnished their Operating rooms on West
Street, two doors above the BR1TTA1N HOFSE, in a
handsome and comfortable manner for the reception of
Ladies, where one of the firm may always be found.—
Ladies will be waited on at their residences if desired.
Juuc 23, 1850. ^^^^__ 887
t 1 E. MEEXLEV. Practical Watch-
Vl. MAKER AND JEWELER, (formerly otT. B.
Humphreys & Son, Richmond. Va.) has located himsell
in Greensborough, N, C, where he will devote his
careful attention to repairing all kinds ol line Gold
and Silver Watches, in the neatest and
best style the trade can afford All work warrant-ed
lor twelve months. All he solicits is a fair
liial. Work done on the most reasonable terms. All
work from the country strictly attended to. Store
next door to Cole fc Amis.
C^* Terms exclusively Cash.
NOTICE.
Having retired Horn the Watch and Jewelry busi-ness
in Greensborough, N- C, on account of ill health,
1 recommend to my customers, Mr. G. L. MEENLY.
of Richmond, Va., who is a good workman, hoping he
may get the patronage of my friends and customers.
E. F. POW ELL.
March 14, 18C9. 27 'Jm
REMARKS OP MB. GORRELL,
OF GUILFORD,
On the question of Amendments to the Constitution and
Ad Valorem Taxation.
Mr. Bledsoe's bill to amend the Constitu-tion,
by repealing the 3rd section of the 4th
article of the amended Constitution, being
under consideration in the Senato, Mr. Gor-rell
moved to amend by striking out all af-ter
the enacting clause, and inserting the
following:
That a free and open Convention of the
people, be held in the city of Raleigh, on the
3rd Monday of November next, the dele-gates
in which, when duly assembled and or-ganized,
shall have the power to alter, amend
and remodel tho State Constitution in such
manner as shall be best calculated to "estab-lish
justice, ensure domestic tranquility, pro-vide
for tho common defense, promote the
general welfare, and secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our posterity."
In support of his amendment, Mr. Gorrell
said :
MR. SPEAKER: I view the bill introduced
by the Senator from Wake, as a serious and
important one, because it has relation to a
particular feature in tho Constitution; and
the amendment offered by myself as still
moro important, for the reason that its sub-ject
matter, embraces tho whole Constitution.
1 regret my inability to discuss these worthy
matters with that ability and learning, which
their magnitude requires. But the subject
is before us, requires our action, and I res-pectfully
ask tho indulgence of tho Senate,
whilst 1 shall attempt to explain the rea-sons
that have induced me to offer my
amendment as a substitute to the original
bil1-
The Senator from Wake and myself have
the same object in view, our destination is the
same, but he desires to arrive at it by one
road; 1 by another; ho prefers the amend-ment
of the Constitution by Legislative en-actment.
I desire to stand upon the old pre-cedents
of our race, and adopt tho old Anglo
Saxon, Anglo American machinery of Con-ventions,
in establishing or changing the or-ganic
law.
We have a singular feature in our State
Constitution,—a restriction on tho taxing
power of the Legislature ; a restriction cx-istin"
in no other slave State in this Union ;
a barricade, erected for the protection of a
vast and valuable species of property in the
State against the just claims of B revenue
bill. Tbis was not the case under tho old
Constitution of 1770; that instrument, the
offspring of the patriots and statesmen of
tho revolution, permitted the Legislature
to tax negroes without taxing white men, or
to tax them higher than while men, or to put
a capitation tax on white men, and an adva-lorem
tax on negroes, or no tax upon them
at all if it should chooso so to do. But
by the amended Constitution of 1835, it is
provided, "Capitation tax shall bo equal
throughout the State upon all individuals
subject to the same." "All free males over
the age of twenty one years and under tho
age of forty five years, and all slaves over
the age of twelve years and under the ago
of fifty years shall be subject to capitation
tax: and no other persons shall be subject to
capitation tax." I am not sufficiently ac-quainted
with the history of tho Conven-tion
of 1835 to know the reasons assigned
by that body, for this strange anomaly, but
the object is sufficiently plain. It was in-tended
by it to lock up this valuable and
most convertable property in tho State
against taxation.
At the timo the convention of 1835 was
called, the revenue of the State was about
880,000, and continued at this small amount
for many years afterwards, and even until
our internal improvements began to create
heavier demands upon the treasury. Tho
revenue for the last fiscal year was 8502,012
and, we are informed by the Committee on
finance, that 8150,000 more has to go to that
amount annually to meet the growing de-mands
of the treasury and tlio sinking fund
for the next two years, making S052,<J12.—
And, when the bonds are all issued to com-plete
the works of internal improvement al-ready
provided for by law, we will have to
raise an annual revenue of one million of
dollars. Where are we to look for the
means of supplying these greatly increased
and increasing wants of the treasury, unless
it be to the property of the State ?
15y the Comptroller's report to the present
session of the General Assembly, it appears
that the whole amount of black polls paying
a capitation tax the last fiscal year, was
150,925, raising a revenue of only 875,402.
Now on the supposition that these polls are
worth, upon an average, 81000 each, what
is their value ! 8150,925,000. What was tho
revenue raised from these? one twentieth
(1-20) of one per cent., or five cents in
the hundred dollars valuation. Is the aver-age
price which I have placed upon the
taxable slaves too high ? 1 think not.—
From recent sales in my part of tho country
1 am fully warranted in fixing this average
valuation upon them. By the population
tables in the census Report of 1850, it ap-pears
that tho slave population at that peri-od
was 288,548. Deduct the slaves in the
State, subject to capitation tax, from the
whole number ol slaves, and it gives us the
number of 137,000 slaves under twelve and
over fifty years of age, paying no tax at all,
and not subject to taxation under our State
Constitution, according to my construction
of that instrument. Now suppose we put
an average value upon these ot 8500 each,
and we have tho additional amount of 808,-
811,500 valuation of valuable and converta-ble
properly that not only is not, but cannot
be taxed, and which even at the very low
rates of 1-20 of one per cent, would raise
134,405 of additional revenue. Add the val-uation
of the taxed and the untaxed slaves
together and wo have the amount of 8219,-
736,500 of slave property in ihe State pay-ing
only a tax of 875,462, and which if taxed
to the same extent of land at fifteen cents in
8100 valuation, would raise a revenue of
8329,604. It may be said that the average
value ol taxed and untaxed slaves is fixed
too high. I think not at present prices; but
even supposing it is so, that will not destroy
the force of the argument, it would only
make the amount to be raised by an ad va-lorem
tax a little loss, but would preserve
the same proportions.
According to the Comptroller's report, the
tax on white polls tmoonts to the sum
of 831,291, 83,114 less than an ad valorem
tax of 1-20 of one per cent., upon untaxed
slaves. All tho other southern States have
abandoned the capitation tax on white men.
Property, not men, is the legitimate subject
of taxation and the sources of revenue.—
Why should we preserve our singularity in
taxing free men for the inconsiderable amount
of 31,291, and leave untaxed property to a
greater amount?
For the last eight or ten years, the State
has been agitated from Currituck to Chero-kee,
with the free suffrage amendment to
the Constitution, and after a ten years war,
this favorite measure of the democratic par-ty,
has proved triumphant. And what has
it accomplished ? The mountain has been
in labor and brought forth a mouse. The
privilege has been conferred upon every free
white man in tho State, who has paid a pub-lic
tax, to vote for a Senator to represent
him on this floor, but he cannot take his
seat here, with ten thousand votes to back
him, without a free-hold of 300 acres of
land. He cannot be Governor of the State;
he cannot be a juror; ho cannot bo a com-missioner
to devidc a tract of land among
his neighbors' children; he cannot be ap-pointed
to lay off a year's allowance to his
neighbors' widow. What has he gained by
free suffrage ? The privilege to vote for a
man to tax him, ana his representative in
the Capital, is bound by the Constitution, to
tax him, or leave one hundred and fifty mil-lions
of slave property untaxed; and he is
bound moreover, to lay tho same tax upon
his head, that is levied upon the head of the
poorest slave in a cypress swamp or a rico
plantation in the East; or a cotton or to-bacco
plantation in the West. No matter
how poor or destitute ho may be, he may not
bo worth an axe, a spade, or a hoe, where-with
to earn his daily bread, or the bread of
his children; he must be taxed, or the negro
must go untaxed; such a system is behind
the age in which we live, at war with our in-telligence,
and our humanity, and the sooner
the deformity is hidden from the public gaze,
all the better for our credit as a State. Tax
the property of the State, look to that alone,
and to that equally for tho revenue necessa-ry
to support the government.
By the same report, it is shown that the
real estate which is taxable, amounts to
897.842.481, and tho tax derived from it to
8146.151.40, which is raised by levying fif-teen
cents in the 8100 valuation of land; one
thousand dollars valuation of land pays 8150,
and the same amount in slaves, pays only
fifty cents—ono third the amount. Let eve-ry
man ask himself, why should this state of
things continue. But it must continue as
long as the restriction in the Constitution is
kept up, for the reason, that if the tax on
slaves should be raised to make it equal on
land, the tax on poor white men, owning
neither land nor slaves, would have to bo
raised to an extent which would make it op-pressive
upon them.
By tho Census report of North Carolina for
1850, it appears we have in this State :
Horses, 148,693
Asses and mules, 25,259
with that view by our constituents, many of
us come here upon local issues, and sectional
divisions, for the ordinary purposes of Leg-islation.
A fish biill—and a bill to amend
the Constitution a/e considered here of equal
dignity, the first, I >y some, the most import-ant.
If bad laws are made, they can be re-pealed
in two years, and better ones substi-tuted,
before much mischief can be inflicted.
But we all desire tnd expect a Constitution
to tbe permanent, and unchanged for long
periods of time,—not like Jona's gourd,
grow up in a night and wither in the next
days' sun. The making or amending of
the organic haw, should bo the work of the
statesmen, and not the mere politicians of
the State. 1 have another objection to Leg-islative
amendment; it is two slow and ex-pensive.
The journey of free suffrage was a
tedious and an expensive one; for ten years,
like a wounded snake, it dragged its slow
length along until it was finally lodged in
the Constitution. I have never had the time
to make an estimate of what this one amend-ment
cost tho State. I have but little doubt
when the figures are made out, it will appear
that free suffrage cost as much as tho Con-vention
of 1835. By this mode, only one
amendment at a time is proposed, which
must pass two Legislatures, and then be sub-mitted
to the popular vote before it can be-come
a part of tho Constitution. And it has
very much the appearance to me, that the
framers of the amended Constitution never
intended or expected it to be amended in
this way.
Now, I am fully satisfied that the people
of this State desire other amendments to the
Constitution, besides the one contemplated
in this bill. Others are before this Legisla-ture,
and others, and different ones before
tho last assembly. The judiciary is now re-ceiving
a large portion of the public atten-tion,
and undergoing a thorough discussion.
Some are in favor of electing Judges by the
people; others are opposed to it. 1 for one,
am in favor of their election by the peo-ple.
The lives, the liberty, and the property
of tho people aro in their hands, and 1 can
see no valid reason why their appointment
should not be in the hands of the people.—
My experience and my observation convinces
mo that the people .ire as competent to elect
Judges as the Legislature. It they aro com-petent
to elect the law-maker, they are com-petent
to elect tin? law expounder. 1 be-lieve
them to bo equally as pure, and more
incorruptablo than the Legislature; less lia-ble
lo the sinister operations of intrigue, bar-gain,
and log roll in >j; less subject to the pow-er
of the dem"
in every way
qualifications and temper of a Judge us the
members of Assembly.
I had tho honor lo bo u member of tho
Assembly which passed the act culling the
limited Convention of 1835; and 1 voted for
taking the election of our (Jovcrnors out of
the hands of the Legislature and giving
the people. I have never had cause to re-gret
that vote. The experience of more
than twenty years, has satisfied me of the
correctness "of that vote. Within that period
we have had Governors elected from both
parties, and experience goes to demonstrate
are all receiving public attention, and under-going
examination.
Theso arc all the proper subjects, for tho
consideration of tho delegates, in a froe < 'on-vention
of tho people. Ihe Convention may
bo called, the delegates elected and convened,
and the Constitution amended, wherever
thought necessary, all within the present
year, and the public mind quieted upon
this important subject. If such Convention
were called, the best men in the State would
be in it. We would find tho wisdom of tho
aged, the vigor of manhood, and the ardour
of youth, mingled in counsel and debate. I
think there would be bnt little party spirit
or sectarian feeling, but a great deal ot pa-triotism
and devotion to the best Interests
of North Carolina, bringing forth fruits
which -would fill the State with general sat-isfaction.
The Anglo Saxon race has been lor the
last thousand years the conservators ot con-stitutional
liberty in the world. When the
whole earth besides, has been covered with
the pall of despotism, the lamp of liberty
has shone brightly in all lands where our
race has had tho ascendency, and by them
will bo carried to tho ends of the earth.—
Tho Free Suffrage bill and this bill is an in-novation
upon the usages of the race, a de-parture
from family precedents. For centu-ries
past, the organic law has been settled
and forms of government established by
conventions. When the last tyrant ot the
house of Stuart was driven from the thrOM
of his fathers, the Convention Parliament of
England passed the bill of rights, and sot-tied
the Crown upon William and Mary,
thereby ensuring the blessings ofliberty and
a long career of prosperity and greatness t<>
the British nation. A convention of our
fathers held at Halifax, in the dark day ol
the Revolution, when British bayonets were
gleaming and British sabres Hashing in the
North, gave us the Constitution of 1776, un-der
which we enjoyed "Health in the braise,
and shelter in the storm," for sixty years.—
A convention gave us the Constitution of
1835. The constitutions of most., il not all.
the States of this Union, were the work of
(/'inventions*and the masterpiece of hu-man
wisdom—tho model of all free govern-ments,
which is now holding together thirty
four great States constituting together the
grandest empire of the earth, tho Constitu-tion
of the United States, was the work of a
convention composed of the soldiers and
statesmen of the Revolution. Why depart
from theso old and venerablo usages, these
time-honored customs, to walk in the new
aiioiin, and equally,"as capable I *"« untried path of Legislative amendments
, of judging of the capacity, of the Constitution?
But we arc met with the argument that
we must not break up the compromises of
tho Constitution. I presume that all consti-tutions
are to a certain extent compromises,
but does it follow that a constitution made
under a compromise of existing evils or ex-
V\ """. rr J isting grievenees, at one time and in one
1 generation, is to last through all time and
all generations to come? Is no allowance
to be made for human progress and advance-ment
in political science, for the changes
which an increased population, and educated
people, tho introduction and expansion of
new pursuits and interests, naturally brins
mate. Take a tropical plant from the <|arm
soil in which it is imbedded and th.» bjlmy
air with which it is bathed, and trans • lant
to the bleak tops of our high mountain : and
it-bears no more fruit, but yielding t tbe
unfriendly influences of its new hom< will
soon sicken and die. A nation, a itf S, If
left to itself will grow ana expand, and jnu
a happy adaption of its want' to the oil utn-stances
with which it is surrounded. 1 bo.
lieve in their right of government—their
ability to govern, and to select all the nl i M
MUrv agents of government. I want to shake
them intelligent by proper systems ofeiiaoe-tion,
anil conseientious by proper religions
training, and then 1 am willing to pu] AIL
POWEB into tiieir nanus. With an VP*n
Bilde, a free pulpit, and common acfccols
covering the brOM urea of our Slate, i in\
humble judgment, we have nothing U fear
from the pcoplo. ;
The common schools are now doing a ;o«xl
work in the education of the rising MOi
our colleges and high schools, both BUU and
female, are numerous and judicioush lo sted
in every section of the Suite, and vhnt
should be gratifying to every Cardl tian,
they aro well tilled with pupils. The vne-ratlOD
that succeeds us will be compc+.d of
edueated men and women in all elas. .'S of
society, and when educated mind i« ma ie to
operate upon the great resources Ol our
State—agricultural, mineral, mechanics-' and
manufacturing, under the influences o:'th
most auspicious climate in the Union,;it i*
evident to my mind there is a luture ftgkwi*
ous future for North Carolina.
SPREAD OP OUR LANGUAGE
The spread oi tho Kagtisa language i* »
remarkable fact in tho providential dc ling
of the Host High with mankind In i u.ly
is increasing over all Fnrope. It is the i oth-er
tongne of the United States, as wdl Is or
the British Isle, and prevails over th • \ iota
I of the vast colonies of North America a; * IK
! (led to the British crown, It is the l:uu
is
oiii-th
«>
ilia,
lie!
iole
sps
Af-that
it was a decided improvement on the old nj., Vr(j ^ ment9 ot- t|ie bov to be
system. Since that time, we have had more ; ^ dothi rf ,„£„,, of
old age
ed view. Aj
banking, mining
g
ricul-trade
Sheep,
Swine,
Milch Cows,
Oxen,
Other Cattle,
595,249
1,812,813
221,799
37,809
434,402
talent and greater worth in the Gubernatorial
chair, and thereby, greater dignity conferred ( ^^ .
upon the office itself. And 1 teel assuredI that i ndors to our :|st01lis
a similar change in the appointment ol our
judiciary, would be attended with similar;i -^ C(lucatio| , a£ ,,appv t„;believe are all
beneficial results; and that an •«^.ffjlw-BMiJ|M|>1
,
#jBr Stale'and improving.—
no improvement
1 science worthy
i of our consideration and adoption ? I think
an able, a pure, and a working set oi Judges, ( a tion woaW CXp0se lls to the
not at all inferior to those who have been | ridicnl^f^e ai;e in which we live.
ant used against a conven-not
do to trust the people
Something radical and dead-of
many of the West India islands, anfi
heard, more or less, in all the centres o.
morcial activity in South America, it i:
tongne of the infant empires of At sti
Van Dieman's Land, and New Zealand,
appears destined to overspread the M
Polynesian islands groups. From the '
it is moving upward into the interior o
riea; and into whateverpartDr. Living! one
pierces from the west, bo will carry vith
him not only the merchandise, but the sj^ech
of his country. Along the Egyptian Klgb*
way to Asia, it is becoming a familiar sound.
Throughout all India, from Cape Cocjorisi
to the Himalayas, it is being acquired b\ the
most active and influential of th" nutivetoop-ulation
; and in nvc ol the crowded poi ■ ol"
China it is one of the dialects ol every day
lil'e. Wherever tho English tongue is spo-ken.
its literature flnda its way. Hem s it
is no exaggeration ;<> say that the pre] sra-tions
ot a Cbristain literature in the En, lisb
language is an object of world-wide in >or-tance.
QUICK WORK.
Buekland, in his Ouriotities of Natural '/"■•
tori/, says:—When in Fan's I paid :: viffl !■»
the horse slaughtering place at Montifan
our Judges by general ticket, lor along term ^.^ t° thcre is
of office, with a proviso that no Judge should ,^.ldvan<rcll.cnt in politics
be elected for a second term, would give us | consideration and adc
hood, and the vesture .
All things around us are progros- there 1 saw rrom fifteen to.twenty be
•t are daily unfolding tied up in a row, ail to be killed thai dl
' l was told that sometimes they slay do
that number. The horse being killed
the skin taken OlT, the carcass is "lit up -J
hatchets and thrown into a huge tub.
enough to contain the bodies of set ral
horses; when it is full, tho top is fixe.1
and steam turned into it. Alter a tinn
i lid is again taken off, and it is found
I the steam has quite separated all the
' from the bones, which are beaut dull}' v
ue
iiici
ill.
Mg
Live stock, 3,276,024
Valued at 817,717,047.
There is also a large amount of property
consisting of furniture, plate, carriages and
buggies, wagons, carts and farming tools
and implements, merchandize, bank stock,
money at interest, &c, &c, all going to make
up the aggregate wealth of tho State, the
valuo of which I havo no means of ascer-taining
at present, but which would enter
into the taxable property of the State under
the ad valorem system of taxation.
But taking tbe aggregate value of the
landed and slave property of the State, and
the live stock, we havo a sum total of 8335,-
296,628. Onc-eigth »of ono per cent, upon
this amount would make a sura but little
short of the revenue of the last fiscal year,
and one-fourth of ono per cent, would raise
8838,241 or 8186,129 over and beyond tbe
fiscal wants of the State for tho next year.
And when the value of all the property in
tho State is ascertained and fairly assessed
for taxation, I hazzard but little in saying
that one fourth of ono per cent, would raise
a million of revenue, annually flowing into
the Treasury, which will meet its wants in
all coming time, unless our State debt
should be imprudently enlarged. Who
would not approve such a system of taxation,
falling equally upon all the property, and
operating fairly and justly upon all tho sec-tions
and divisions of tho State? Who would
not prefer such a system to tho present ur-gent,
and in some cases, oppressive mode of
taxation? I think that no sound and fair-minded
tax payer, who would give the sub-ject
a candid investigation, could hesitate
for a moment between the two.
But wo aro told by tho advocates of the
restriction, that it will never do to remove
it. The slaves will be run out of the State,
and we should thereby loose the revenue to
be derived therefrom. In answer to this
objection, 1 ask where would they be run to,
in order to escapo taxation. Certainly to
no other slave State in this Union, for in all
of them, the slave property has to meet the
full demands of the revenue bill, without fa-vor
or Constitutional protection or exemp-tion.
In most of the States, in fact, all of
them so far as I am informed, except Ala-bama,
they have to face an ad valorem tax,
and in this latter State, they are taxed, by a
sliding scale from the cradle to the grave.
For these reasons, I am clearly of opinion
that the Constitution aught to be amended;
but I differ with the Senator who introduced
this bill, as to tho mode. I have always
been opposed to the Legislative amendment
of the Constitution. We are not sent here
of Judicial officers should be abolished, and
terms for years substituted in their place-that
there should be some other mode than
that provided in the present Constitution,
(which amounts to bottling) of retiring an
incapable or unfaithful Judge.
The magistrates of the country, are also
receiving a large portion of public attention, i doctrine of popular sovereignty.
not only here, but throughout the country, opinions could be of any weight 0
They are generally speaking, an honest, pa-triotic
and useful class of public officers.—
Such I havo found them to be in the coun-ties
where 1 am most acquainted. But they
are an irresponsible body of life oilicers.—
They have large taxing power in their
hands, and arc responsible to nobody, and
cannot be called to an account as to the
manner they exercise it, when once appoint-ed,
whether qualified or not, they are In of-fice
for life, unless they choose to roiign.—
There is no limit to their number in the dif-ferent
counties, and their large number of-tentimes,
impedes the performance of those
duties which the law has devolved upon
them. Fublic sentiment requires a change
in their tenure of office, a limitation in
their number, and a higher grade of qualifi-cation
than many of them can command,
and their appointment by the people.
Free suffrage has brought about a strange
anamoly in the construction of tho General
Assembly. We now have two Chambers
elected by tho same men. Under the old
Constitution, the twoi branches of tho Gener-al
Assembly were intended to operate as a
system of checks ancf. balances ono upon the
other. But now, thelsame current ot public
opinion operates equally upon both, because
both aro accountable to the same set of men.
Why not let them all set togather in the
same body, like the Chamber of Deputies in
France. In times of high political excite-ment,
and popular tumult, which occasion-ally
happen in all freJB governments; what;
security can we promise ourselves, from the |
counter-checks of two branches of the Legis-lature,
elected by tho same voters, and hold-ing
their appointment for the same length of
time. To preserve the. I aUmce of the Con-stitution
and adapt it to the free suffrage
amendment, the Senators should bo elected
for four years, and the term of office of to wmen n»Tani><»«
one half in alternate districts, should expire ; and best calculated to niomotc
every two years. Remodeling the basis of eral welfare. A people
representation in tho General Assembly;—
annual sessions of the same,—conferring jur-isdiction
upon magistrates out of Court upon
all trivial cases of the assault and battery —
the election of a Lieutenant Governor, to-gether
with many other subjects of amend-ment,
with the discussion of which I shall
ly is feared from a convention. Some won-derful
foreboding of evil is entertained. It
would not be strange to hear the expression
of such tears from the other sitle of the great
waters. But 1 must express my surprise to
hear them'in our land of representative re-publics
and free constitutions. I lor • am
not afraid of the people. believe in the
And it my
r any in-fluence,
I could wish thej- were engraven
with a pen of iron on these granite walls
with which we are .surrounded, to DO read
in all coming time that I am the advocate
of popular sovereignty to its fullest extent.
I beleive in the language of our bill ol lights
"That all political power is vested in, and
derived from tho people only." Upon this
platform our forefathers stood in 1770, and
upon it 1 stand to-day and expect ever to
stand.
1 have read with admiration the Colonial
history of this State, as recorded in Bancroft's
history of the United States, and other works
upon the same subject by our own native his-torians.
1 have seen with what wonderful sa-gacity
they adopted such laws and ordinances
as were best suited to their wants, and best
calculatedtoadvance theirprosperity and pro-mote
their growth. Constitutions and laws
framed for them by philosophers and politi-cians,
on the other side of tho sea, by men
who did not understand their wants nor
consult their true interests, were, by a kind
of self-preserving instinct, repudiated and
rejected as the bee would cast out from its
cells the juice of poisonous herb or unwhole-some
flower. 1 have seen with what spirit
they resisted encroachments upon their
rights, and unjust exactions upon their pros-perity
even to the vergeof rebellion. I have
seen them the first of all the colonies, to
draw the sword in defence ot liberty.—the
first to declare independence and t ■ I leak
and tramplo under foot the shackles of a
foreign and unnatural government. I rejoice
that I live in such a land—that I am descen-ded
from such a race. Buck a people lam
not afraid to trust. There is the spirit of a
sound mind and a sober judgment in the
people; a vein of common sense running
through their actions, and
on
the
liat
e-.ll
ite
The bones are then picked "ill and pl'eil
in stacks; the llesh is thrown out by BOO els,
and spread OUt widely OB the floors, to Which
tli.- sir baa free access. It soon beei nea
quite hard and dry, and is then sent o in
sacks to the chemist, who, operating on» it.
soon converts it into Prusiateol potaa i.linu
iln^ again into Prussian blue. The I
are ground up in a mill for manure : B" bat
in a comparatively short space of tim-. the
horse, having worn out his energies in tbe
service of man. is converted, one-hall nio
loaveaof broad through the medium ol the
wheat which absorbs bis powdered skeli on.
Thus tbe Frenchman practically carries ml
the threat of the ogre, who. when be ' ielt
the Englishmen, pronounced the foHoi tag
analliein:i against him :
Ye In BUS :
1 -null tin- blood of nil Kiiglishnian,
Itf lio slivo or be lie dead,
I'll grind MtSam I Uh ftrtti .
A SHREWD EDITOR.
There are persons who BOOBO to think Lauoit*i
>dftors regard it as one ol the ureatesfl in-
"pitch into" Bomebtldy,
Save loin-
■ bell Ber-the
conclusions
and the term of office of to which they arrive are generally correct,
then- gen-
Be and prop-erly
trained by religious and intellectual
cultivation, will grow up with such political
institutions as arc best suited to promote
their individual and aggregate happiness,
just as naturally as the tree adapts itself to
'the soil from which it springs, and the at-
™.u.. o. ™. . ».-.. mosphero with which it is. »ur™u
t
nd*J'a'jf
not now occupy |tho. time of the Senate, bears the appropriate fruits ot itsoui. cli-j
li
tellectual luxuries to
Bud they Suppose themselves t" I
(erred a great favour by furnishing under-cut
contributions, in which some person,
corporation, or society is soundly abuse i —
Such people may take ;i hint from the fol-lowing
:—A noted chap once Stopped BtO
the sin.ctuui of a venerable and highly re-spectable
editor, and indulged in B tl :iue
against acitisen with whom he was on {tad
terms. -I wish," said he, addressing«the
man with the pen, "that you would \\n>e a
very severe article against li , and jmt
it la your paper." "Very well," was *th«
reply.* The next morning he came rualing
into the office, in a violent state of excite-ment.
"What did you pot in your paw j
I have had my nose pulled, and been I. • I
twice," -1 wrote a severe article, as nou
desired," calmly replied the editor, w
■' jour name to il ■'"
I-.SI r. BhTWKKN THE ROMAB CATHOLIC 'Xti
THE l'i Ki.i'- S' BOOLS AT BOSTON.—Bom* tl.roo
hundred children of BomanCathoBc pan it*v
attending tbe Elliott Street School, in Boa-ton,
cauBd quite a disturbance on the 1 li!i and
loth inst., by refusing to join in CBBBtfag
the Lord's Prayer and the Tan Comnufod.
ments, i" conformity with the rule- off.he
Public Schools. A large number have in-n
dismissed in consequence. The Irish se-: ol-in--,
refusing to participate in tho reli|
exercises, aid BO under orders from their
priest; but the School Committee have le
termined to adhere to their regulations, de-spite
the sectarian interference that ha I L-eii
attempted. i