The Greensborough patriot [March 18, 1859]

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A. Family 1STewspaper-Devoted to Politics, Literature, Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, and Miscellaneous Reading.
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VIHA.MK XX. GREENSBOROUGH, N. ft, FRIDAY MORNING. MARCH 18, 1859. NUMBER I027
Bujiittss
J l,1il> M. EDNEY.141 Chambers-st,
, i.! .' uy» every kind of Merchandise on the
,-; .. iv : forirards for -\ percent, commiasioii.
■ • .:. llanos, Parlor Organs, Organ Melodeona,
,. .:•-. Harps, Guitars, Stools, Covers, Music, etc.,
..-,.■ aii-l rWail. All [natrumenta warranted.
».. • i t '•Lindsay's" I'atent Pump," tianlen En-
' ,-.. Circulars of Instruments and I'utops sent
application. Refers to John A. Gilmer, ('.. P
: .:'. 1* I- Swain, and others. 950 ..;■■■
Business tatfes.
J€. JIIIH.I < lllh. ATTORNEY AT LAW,
« Lexington, X ('. Feb. 17, 1868. 972 tf.
J* M IIS A. LO.\Ci, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
0BEEKSBOROI7OH, N. C.
DR. A. A. IIII.I..
:-.
I.. DOWHI-IVS I'lioloRraplilc Cistl-
, itly '■'■'•■ opened, andCameotypes, Melaino-
,.i AMBROTYPI2S, which cannot l>e surpassed
, | • ; sin unil BKAUTY are taken in Lockeis,
■ -. : -. ->;.it the tastes and purses of all.—
_.. • nsnently located in Greensborongh, they
,. expect a> liberal patronage.
■ † "• mid examine Specimens, and lenru the
,; . - formerly occupied by A. Siarrell. sec-
... ; ■. irrett's brick building, Wtsl .Market St.,
. '■■† ig.i. N. C. March, ls:,s. 971 tf
|.|'lUC(.i: II. KEUT, COMMISSION MEB-
|| . . .■,-. -iii 1 Dealer in Family Groceries and Pro-
. \ It. North WaterStreet, WILMINGTON, X.
,,_.- fceeii constantly on hand, Sugars, I'offees, Mo-
... i ;..-,-. Flour, Butter, Laid, Soap, Candles,
... .. .-• - li. Oils, Snuffs, &o.
.. .-• .> (!. Parsley, President of Commercial
.: • V Ku -, President Bank of Wilmington,
'. • :.. S. • V M. Gorman, Rev. K. T. HeHin, !
•.,..) .i.i I i.vid McKnight, Grecnslio-
..'. N V.
fII4ltl.t> S. FEATHER,
WHOLESALE DEALER IX
BOOTS. SHOES A!\l> ltlt4H. t\N,
-,- v .• . ; ird Street, above Market St.,
I'lul.i.I. Iplii:..
, .. • Hi - the attention of Merchants to his
.•!_••; •in Manufacture, adapted to the
:.. ..»• \ , i • - ulina.
■ . . htj .. irattention paid to Orders.
i. :.i- » ■† ' ission to Messrs. J. R & J, Sloan,
...;..-.. r N ''- Oct. 8, 185S. ly
•TSTEXSOU .V BOWEM,
^ ;t: PTBVENSOX, llnW'KN ft NKSJIITT.)
itbolroale Dealers in I»ry (.oods.
HAVE ASSOt IATF.ll WITH Til KM
I>anie) .M. /iininei'man,
•. ."■,•: LINCOLNTON, N. C, and romoved to the
.- »• !•• \o.."»:{ \orlli 3rd Street, below
lull, where an increased stock will be kept, and
..!•- . ftered .-. j i::» 1 to any house in the trade.
i_. ..•■! ... Jan. 20, 1859. 19 6m
LEXINGTON, N. 0.
OR I II & ITI.EY. COMMISSION AXD
Forwarding Merc-hams, Kayetieville, N. C.
NC. IKIIIIMtV. WITH ABBOTT. JONES &
• Co., Importers and Jobbers of Staple and Fancy
Silk Goods, No. 168 Market Street. Philadelphia.
JACOI1 T. HKOW.t, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
High Point, X. C, will attend to all business en-trusted
to his care. March H'l, 1858. 'J77 ly.
DUS. C. I.. Si. R. I,. PAYXE, COPARTXERS
in the practice of Medicine, Obstetrics and Surge-ry,
Lexington, X. C.
\ II »» I IBM. PORTEK &KOR RF.LL,
i_l successors to T.J. PATRICK. Wholesale and Re-tail
BwnggtBt». tireensboroush, N. C.
January 28, 1859. 20 tf
JF. \II»» l.l\. Mannfactnrer and Wholesale
■ and Retail dealer in TIN and SHEET [RON-J,
WARE, COOKING STOVES, Ac, High Point. X. C.
February, 1859. 24 8m
UKS. COFFIN & COBLE, JAMIISTott N.
X. C, have associated themselves together for the
purpose of PRACTICING MEDICINE in all its various
branches. Special attention given to SURGERY. Of-fice
at R. R. Depot. Feb. 1869. 24 tf.
UR. JAMES li. Hill.. HAYING REMOVED
to Greensborongh, X. *'., offers his Professional
Services to the public. Office on West Market Street,
in the house recently occupied as a residence by Hon.
John A. Gilmer. February, 1858. 978 tf
I IS
(J •: •...
M. KOTIIKOCH. I>. U. S., RESPECT-
• Li- pi ufessional services to the citizens !
....-!. !■..:;!;. and ill others who desire, operations i
: :.»• Ion the TEETH in the latest and best style.
«-i-••.!< ••vm!l'"'- '■:'" have any satisfactory ret'er-
•. tm :.. racter. skill, &c . &c; and the advantage
-.•:: y u - constant practice in MEDICINE AND
SULTRY, with every new discovery thai is valna-l-,:-
;• -has I irnished l.i- OPERATING ROOMS :
*•! "^. t ? second story of GarretCs brick build- '
., there be wiil always be found unless professionally I
:.:. April 2 », 1858. 982 tf
l\ KREGG, DENTIST, (G R LDDATE OF
;*• :...•!. • ire College of Denial Surgery) having
r,d ..'. *• * ; ■ rmanently in thisvillage, respectfully
I r-'."-1 mal services to its citizens and those
' .. ..• ■ ntry. lie deems it unnecessary
• ■'-.: ';.'. : -ts of testimonials, as he hopes to have
'"■ .•. I •; t.i evince personally to those
.!'■" i. •.- lentures, whatever i|ualtIications he
• . i..*.e t * fice in tin* varied departments of the
"l -.M CALL WILL BE PROMPTLY AT-I.
M'HJl I'u on South Elm Street, next door
•••.•■ I'atri • '• . Greensboro', N. G 759
a ro III - ISEK. J E w i: L L i: R A X D
t WATCH-MAKER, West Market, GBKBKSBOBO',
'". 1 - • ?i hand and is receiving a splendid and wcTt
• < •••! •: irk HI fine and fashionable Jewelry of every
• ,»••. *IT . which mav be foand severalmagni-
. .^»- . t iral .i ewelry.
'I I in also lock of fine Gold and Silver Watches.
repairing done in the BEST MANNER and w-ar-
• •• I. All persons purchasing Jewelry, would do well
v! .-li i.itu before purchasing elsewhere, as he is
• h-ut t: i* he can sell as good bargains as can be
. t.t in this t • kct.
ineast 1 .. 1858. 996 tf.
LAW COPAHTXEnSHIP.—J. A. LONG &
D. F. CALHWKLL, (ireensborough. X. C, having
associated themselves in the practice of the law. in the
Courts of Guilford county, will promptly attend to all
business entrusted to their care. Jan. 1858. 907 tf
JOIl\ W. PAY.VE, ATTORNEY AT LAW.
having permanently located in Greensborongh. X.
C, will attend the Courts of Randolph Davidson and
Guilford, and promptly attend to the collection of all
claims placed in his hands. Jan. 9, 1857. 916 tf
WATSON & HEARS, GENERAL COMMIS-sion
Merchants, 84 Burling Slip. New York.—
Special attention paid to the sale of Grain. Cotton and
other Southern products. fleaj^-Liberal advances made
on consignments. 915 tf
MtltlHII WORKS—GEORGE HEINRICH,
Manufacturer ofMonuments, Tombs, Head-stones.
&0. &«., :u reduced prices, OPPOSITE THE DEPOT.
Greensborongh, X. C. Jj^y Orders from a distance
promptly filled. '71 tf
HAMRLETO.V SHEPHERD, ATTORNEY
AT LAW. formerly of Salem, X. C, bin now of
Irwlnloii, <-«<i i i-'ia.
Will praclicc in the counties of Wilkinson. TwiggS,
Lawrens, Pulaski. lrwin. Wilcox, Telfair, Montgom-ery
and Washington. Jan. HI, 1859. ly
A < licit.—J. E. Jollee lias pnrrliased
this fall, a large and well selected STOI'K of
i lot liinu'. Boots. Klioes and Hats, which he
will sell CHEAP FOR CASH, in to punctual cu.lomers
on a short credit.
October 28. 1858. Slf
I AW XOTICE.—The undersigned has removed
A to Xewbern. with ihe intention to devote himself
wholly to the practice of the law. He will attend the
Courts in all of the surrounding counties, and will also
practice before Ihe Supreme Court at Haleigh.
Jan. 1, 185'.'. 6m D. K. McRAE.
W. II. ALLEN. .1. M. C1.AHK.
A1.1. IIV & CLARK, COMMISSION MER-CHANTS,
Wilmington. \.C. Prompt per-sonal
attention given to consignments of Naval Stores.
Cotton or other Country Produce, for sale or shipment.
Dealers in Lime. Plaster, Cement, Hair, &0.
January 29. 1859. ly
AP. HiPERRV. of Mortal Carolina.
. Writh WM. (.RAY DON' fc CO.,
Importers and Jobber of Dry OoodH, 40 PARK
PLACE, and 11 BARCLAY STREET,
•r>m\f;s & BAILEY,
M MI.--I.II;- \\n wiiui.i s M.I. in: M.I.I:S IS
;«>t»K'S AND STATIONERY,
•. -<>- Baltimore sir.,!, apposite Hanoverst.,
Baltimore, Marj land.
" • a !■..! .. sorlmenl ..I sriiool,. CLASSICAL,
MEDICAL and MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS.—
m> prepared in execute orders lor LIHUAHIKS,
.- .v i r IIOIILS .'ii ilie most favorable terms.
I'helr Mori* of StatioiX-l-y embraces all its
—. and contains a varied assortment.
nuary 2". 1859. 19 5m*
irXCiERICH A SMITH,
NO. 43 NORTH THIRD STREET.
Philadelphia.
•■ • - ittention of the trade of NORTH CAKOLI-their
lars;e and varied stotk of
■■<•> t'oflee,
Sugara, &<•..
which are offered at. the
lowest nett rates,
'.;■-!•< Miiit |tui-(-liasers.
Their purchases being made
<-\<-laKitelj for cash,
enables them to offer
.- IT VERY Low FIGURES.
;.'..- ». ly
' •..!.. i<s:>s: Hamilton A Giuliani,
IMPOR rT.RS \.\H JOBBERS,
.. • , - | to oner on the most favorable terms,
••.: 'M.!'. BUYERS, a Lime stock of For-
' ••« :i:.d Domestic l>iy t.oods. selected
■ all A> >» inter Trade.
. . i . i .. and its adaptation to the
..I.I t .YROL1NA,
VIRGINIA, AND
TEN N ESSEE TR ADE,
. : , oi '■† Buyers from all sections
• '•'•■ i close and rigid examination of our Stock,
- /.. No. 6U SYCAMORE STREET.
* i'' i. •: ! . Petersburg, Va.
1 . - . •. i.. s. .1. r. BOWLBTT.
I !»'. IIOWEETT A SOX. DENTISTS, RE
*' • •;• . |Jer their professional services to the
'■ ■ †ftii ensborough and all others who may de-
;••. o« performed on their teeth in the must
' 1. . • it 1 scientific manner. They are
■ .'•■:• in all and every operation per-
"■.'■'i .. « la Liental Surgery, unsurppssed for
•' ' • ' ' '.
. ■• ^. ■/.. .. ... tn ... has iii !ii- possession IMplomas
I. tim .. i i| Dental Surgery. Ameri-v
■†† ;. : '.• ons, and Dr. S. S. Fitch of
■• :. • i. ?.!. i iii- feen in the regular practice ot
'••■-. :i for over twvut^ years.
' •. ' •*■ furnished theii Operating rooms on West
' "•••I i .• :. . ■ ,.' BR1TTAIN HOFSE, in a
1 " • • • e manner for the reception of
•'. • ........ M.I, may always be found.—
• » i.. » ;■.. ,| ,.,, ;l[ their resiliences if desired.
'■"--. 1- s;',7
It t»:i>. R i. LINDSAY, (NORTH-EAST
fElm ind Market Streets,) would invite
'"•' y- .-:.. iers and th< mmunity gener-
| '■-•'• :ied and carefully purchased sim-k
-' J.i «ii ler G Is, consisting ofalmost every rs>
•I i ■ † - ■ • ■ †ror the season.
*• * - eres. Tweeds and Jeans, X. C Ker-
:'•* * •• • .:.i Plain Northern Linaey, Ac, Ladies'
. '• " '■" «■' irielj : Merinos, Figured and Plain
'•_•'•'• •••.. I'laids, etc., etc.; Cloaks, Shawls
'".Gii ;hams and Prints, fine Led Dlankecs,
■ i ••.
' : — B •!' : Hanlware, Cutlery, Nails. Andirons,
■•■† !"hi - u„ i |."iirks: Coffee, Sugars, Teas,
','•'' ' ' ' ■ ' irpetings, Hugs and Door Mats;
ellas, etc., etc., etc.; Rock Island
'•' ' - Kerseys, Bolting Cloths, Burr
-. ties and Grindstones. 95tj tf
Wm. Graydon, >
Jas. Graydon, >
November, 1858.
• lew York.
(ieo. II. Seeley,
t Wm. A. Scott.
tf
JOHN H. BOWLAND. | w. I). UKVNOLIis. | J. II. ROWLAND.
ROWLt\D Ai. RETNOEDS, SUCCESSORS
to Anderson ^ Reynolds, Grocers and Commission
Merchants. NORFOLK, Va. jfcajf Pay particular at-tention
to the sale of Flour, Grain, Tobaooo, etc.. avoid-ing
unnecessary charges, and rendering prompt re-turns.
December, 1857. buy tf
\\'M. II. KIRKSEY. COMMISSION MER-Yv
chant and General Agent. Morehead City, X. C.
Will attend to buying, selling, receiving and forwarding
all kinds of produce and merchandise.
Reference*—GOT. J. M. Morehead, Greensborongh, X.
C. John II. Ilaughton. Esq., Newberne, N. C. Dr. P.
J. Hill, Wilmington, X. C. II. A. London, Esq.. Pitts-borough,
N. C June 1. 1858. 987 tf
L~EX1XOTO.X JEWELRY STORE.
The subscriber has on hand ihe fine GOLD LE-VER
WATCHES manufactured by Johnson of Liver-pool,
and Dison of London. Also, the Silver Lever
Lepine and common Virge Watch, with a variety oi
JEWELRY Of all descriptions. All of which will be
sold low for cash. Watches of all descriptions repaired.
1 tf GEORGE RILEY.
JAS. STOKELY. ALKX. OLDHAM.
STOKELY & OLDHAH, GROCERS AND
Commission Merchants, Wilmington, X. C. Liber-al
advances made on produce consigned to us, when
desired
Reference:—Col. John McRae, President of the Bank
of Wilmington. 0. G. Par-ley, Esq., President of the
Commercial ltank. Aug. 28,1857. 948 ly
Ll'VI M sciiTT. WILL. I.. SCOTT.
S" C'OTT &. SCOTT. ATTORNEYS AND COUN-sellors
at Law, - - GREENSBOROUGH, N. C,
Will attend I he Courts of Guilford, Alamance, Ran-dolph.
Davidson, Forsyth and Kockingham. All claims
entrusted to them for collection, will receive prompt
attention. Office on North Street, fourth door from
Lindsay's corner.
BEAXRS.—A FULL SUPPLY OF BLANK w.\K-raiiis.
Deeds, Deeds of Trust, Attachments, Decla-rations
in Ejectment, Administrator's Notices, and
many other forms, will always be found at the Store of
Adams. Dobson * Grimes, in Lexington, who are our
agentsfor the sale of the same; and who are also our
Agents to rceive and forward to us, all kinds of Job
Work.e SHERWOOD & LONG.
Uj.MtIMXVIItl.1.. LAND AGENT, WILL
• aeled and enter Government Land. Locale Land
Warrants, make investments for capitalists at Western
rales, pay taxes, and transact a general real estate bu-siness,
in Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin. Address,
Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Referent*:—Hon. J. M. Morehead. George C. Men-dculiall.
Col. Walter Gwynn and Hou John A. Gilmer.
May 16, 1850. 888 tf
WH. MCRARY At CO., FACTORS AND
• Commission Merchants, Agents for the sale and ;
purchase of Cotton Flour, Grain, Salt, Groceries, Ac.,
Corner Princess and Water Streets. Wilmington, X. C. j
a^jr Usual a Jvances on Consignments.
Referrno*.«—H. R. Savage. Cashier Bank of Cape
Fear; BwROSSET ft Brown. Wilmington, X. C. P. ft
II. Fries, Salem, X. •'. C. Graham .V Co.. Marion C.
II.. S. C. Hutu. Addertonft Co., Lexington, X. C.
otM'L «. THOMAS has removed his HAR-
© NESS SHOP lo the rooms recent'y occupied by
F- If. WALKS*, Esq., twodoors North of LINDSAY'S
Store, and immediately opposite the New Court House,
where he will be pleased lo receive calls from his old
friends and the public generally. It is his intention
to keep constantly on hand a GOOD ASSORTMENT
of HARXESS, and oilier articles in his line, which
he will be pleased to sell on reasonable terms.
January ^0, 1859. 19 if
M. 8. SMKRW00D. JAMES A. LONG.
SHEKWOOD & LONG,
EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.
TERMS: S2.00 A YEAR, IX \UHVt II.
Rateg of AdvertlNlngr.
ONE dollar per square for the first week, and twenty-five
cents fer every week thereafter. TWKLVK LINKS OE
LPSS making a .square. Deduclions made in favor of
standing matter as follows:
.1 MONTHS. C -MONTHS. . 1 TEAR.
One square %■', 60 $5 60 $8 00
Two squares, 7 00 10 00 14 00
Three " 10 00 15 00 20 00
REMARKS OP MR. SPEER,
OS VAIIKIN,
In the. Bouse of Commons, vpon the bill to re-peal
the usury lines.
MB. SPEAKER: It is well known to this
house that it is with reluctance, that 1 ever
address it upon any question whatever, and
not deserious or having hut little ambition to
make myself conspicuous before this body, or
the country at large, I seldom ever engage
in discussions. But, Sir, I would be doing
injustice to myself and those whom J have
the honor of representing upon this floor,
not to raise my leeble voice against" the pas-sage
of this bill. A bill .Sir, which I think
is one of an odious and ruinous character;
calculated in its very nature, to plunge our
country into the vortex of ruin and disgrace.
Who, Mr. Speaker, is it that is asking the
repeal of the usury laws '( Yes, 1 ask, who
is it that is sisking this honorable body to
pass this bill, is it the poor man who lives on
the wages he gets for days' work? No, Sir.
Is it the man who lives on :i piece of poor
land and makes his living by hard work?—
No Sir. Is it the farmer, is it the poor me-chanic,
or is it the manfacturer? Is it the
speculator, is it the merchant, is it the pro-fessional
characters of our country ? Or, Mr.
Speaker, is it our Railroad men ? No, Sir,
it is none of these. Then, pray in the name
of my country, Sir, who can it be, who are
in favor of the passage of this bill? Sir, it
is money holders, the note shavers who are
pressing the repeal of the usury laws. Why
do they ask it i What are the reasons given
by the monicd aristocracy ot the country for
the repeal of the law ? Is it because it will
be a benefit to the poor working classes of the
country, to the farmer, merchanic, merchant,
manufacturer, or the State at large ? No,
Sir. Will it bo a means of releasing the peo-ple
from heavy taxes, and help to pay the
State debt ? No, Sir; none of these classes will
receive any of these benefits; but on the con-trary,
it will have the effect of making the
poor pooer, and the rich richer; 't will have
the etl'ect of increasing the indebtedness of
the debtor, to place the State deeper in debt.
Sir, what are the arguments in favor of this
bill ? First, is, that it will have a tenden-aucy
to make money more plenty. Now,
Sir, 1 would like to know how that is to bo
done; it will not make gold or silver coin
more plenty, consequently, the banks cannot
issue any more bills than they now have;
but they say it will bring money from other
States into North Carolina, to be loaned.—
That may all be very true, but how will that
operate. Let us see Mr. Speaker, if that will
finally make money more abundant; suppose
for instance, 1 borrowed one hundred thou-sand
dollars from South Carolina at twenty-five,
(or at any other per cent, above six per
cent.) and in the course of four years, I
have to pay back the one hundred thousand
dollars, at twenty-live per cent interest, you
see that I not only pay hack the principal,
one hundred thousand dollars, but have to
pay back one hundred thousand dollars in
interest money; DOW, Mr. Speaker, I have
received one hundred thousand dollars from
South Carolina, and for that, I have to pay
back two hundred thcusand, now, where
Sir. is this other hundred thousand to come
from? Sir, it is compelled to come tut of
the circulating medium, or currency of the
State of North Carolina. Now, for the uso
of this one hundred thousand dollars, we
have lost a hundred thousand dollars of our
own money; is not this u lact, which cannot
be denied by the friends of this bill ? Then,
Sir, I ask how is it possible, that it can make
money any more abundant; in the long run,
taking this uiew of the questions which cer-tainly,
is a fair and correct, one.
J5ut, Mr. Speaker, there is another argu-ment
in favor of the passage of this bill, and
repeal ol the usury law. And that is, that
money ought to be worth what it will bring.
It is contended by those who are in favor of
the repeal of the usury law, that money is
actually worth what it will bring; that .is, if
1 am willing to give you twenty-five per
cent, for tne use of your money, it is worth
it, or if 1 do only give you six per cent., it is
only worth that much. What, Mr. Speaker,
must this sort of dealing do? Does it not at
once make money liable *o be bought and
sold the same as merchandise, or make it an
article of trade ? Certainly it does. Then,
Sir, what have you done lor your currency ?
You have sunk it down with the level of
trade and merchandise. If this bill should
pass, you have struck the death blow to
your currency, and still a greater blow- to
the people and the State of North Carolina.
Then, Sir, if you make merchandise out of
money, why not; then legalize the payment
of debts with any kind of merchandise, or
any species of trade, it money is to be bought
and sold the same as a horse or a bale cf cot-ton,
a barrel of molasses, a hogshead of su-gar,
or a case of dry goods, why not, Sir;
let the debtor pay his debts with the same ?
If money ought to be bought and sold for
what it will bring, it then, is put down with
merchandise or other articles of trade, con-sequently,
if 1 owe a man fifty dollars, and I
have a horse or mule that is worth fifty dol-lars.
Sir, I ought to have the right to compel
him to take the horse or mule in the place of
the money, l'ray, Sir, what is the ditierence,
if it is all trade and merchandise, it is pre-cisely
the same, there can be no difference if
you make merchandize out of money, which,
Sir, you arc compelled to do, if you pass this
bill, "and repeal the usury laws, and make free
trade in money. Money, Mr. Speaker, exists
only by legislative enactment; merchandise
is the product of individual labor, or of pri-vate
enterprises. Money is the legal stand-ard
by which ualuc is measured. Merchan-dise
is that which is valued by this standard;
Money, as such, has ua intrinsic value, mer-chandise
is sought for only on account of its
intrinsic value, i Money is perpetual in its
nature, and is designed for all time to come,
merchandise is diffusive, being required and
consumed by the maney. Money is differ-ent,
it is concentrative—centering in the
keeping ot a few, while merchandise is tem-porary,
and adopted to special wants and
made for ware or consumption. Money is a
legal certificate of value, and is transferable
for what it represents. Merchandise and
products of trade are the things valued by
this money. It is then impossible to distin-guish
between money and merchandise, if
you make them both como under the same
rules and regulations of trade. Money pays
debts at the will of the debtor; but law re-cognizes
no such power in nierehaodise, as to
force the creditor to take it in place of the
money in payment of his Alebt; money is the
instrument of exchange, of settlement among
traders, merchandise is the stock in trade, to
be exchanged. Money is authorized by law
for convenience—not profit. Merchandise is
produced by labor of the people and for pro-fit.
So that money is only the agent by
which the value ot anything of trade is esti-mated.
,Mouey makes the price, and mer-chandise
pays it; mono)- is borrowed and
loaned, and merchandise is bought and sold
for profit. By the repeal, -Mr. Speaker, of
the usury laws, you make money then, liable
to be bought and sold for profit j you at once
Sir, direct the use of money from its proper
chancl of trade and benefit to the coummun-ity
at large, to a curse and a demand, clothed
with all the horrors of destruction, to de-stro)'
all the manufactures, trade, and every
species of improvement and general prosper-ity
ot the country. Money no longer will be
of any benefit to the poor class of the com-munity,
nor to any person, only the money
holder and loaner.
But Sir, the argument relied upon by the
advocates of the repeal of the usury law, and
the passage of this bill, is that it will make
money cheaper. Now 1 ask members of this
body to look at this argument. If this argu-is
true why has not the people i/t masse pe-titioned
this (ienaral Assembly, to repeal the
usury law ? Who are those in favor of the
repeal ? as I have before said, it is the money
holder who wants the repeal. Then Sir, it
cannot make money any cheaper. If this ar-gument
was a true one, you would see the
whole country in lavor of it except the mon-ey
holder. Is it possible that the money
holders want to get less for their money than
six per cent ? Certainly they do, if the ar-gument
be true that by the repeal of the usu-ry
law it will make money cheaper. Hut
Sir, this argument is false and untrue,and as
a jn x>f of the fact here stated, none but the
money holders are in favor of the repeal,
and according to their argument it will in-jure
them, and every man in this house
knows lull well that men are not against
their interest knowingly and wilfully.
But Mr. Speaker, I do say without the fear
of contradiction that where this has been
tried in our country, that the opposite etl'ect
has been, and money has been higher. Sir.
thero is yet another argument to be consid-ered
which in my humble judgement is un-answerable.
Who is it that controls this;
money? It is not the poor, not the mechan-ic,
not the manufacturer, but it is the capi-talist
who controls, regulates, and has the
whole power. Then, 1 ask, what is to make
money more plentiful and cheap, when those
who possess it have the power to keep it
scarce and dear ? The question may be ask-1
ed, why is it not now high ? they have the
money. The reason is that the usury law
prohibits them from making it high; and
there is a given amount of capital among us
seeking investment, and it our laws prohibit
the high price of it, the holders will loan it
at a less rate. It is nonsense to say that
mono}- holders cannot make money high,
when they can control it, and let the people
have it at whatever price they please, for!
they must have it to pay debts with.
Then the legislature is to be called on as
we are now to decide whether we shall avert
a pang from the suffering poor, or add to the
surplus means of the rich. My poor efforts
and leeble voice shall be raised in behalf of
my people, whom 1 love and respect, against j
such outrages, and I trust that wo as the
repiesentativcs of the per>plo, will not long
deliberate how to decide the ipiestion. Tne
power of money, chained as it now is by the ,
usury laws, is strong enough, it is two strong
for man's best good.
Nothing can be more shameful in 1113- opin-ion,
and more indicative ol a degraded moral |
condition, than a deliberate condemnation
of the proper and strict execution of the
laws. It is the duty of every citizen to aid ,
in upholding tho laws of his country, and ^
however great the penalty prescribed for vi-1
olation, to allow no culprit to escape, wheth-er
he be a private Individual or the agent of
a corporation. If this course were steadily
pursued, we should soon see an end to the
ruinous and gambling practice of paying and
roeicving illegal rates for money. If a poor |
man wants bread for his family he is requir-ed
to earn or beg it—not to steal it; if there
is a merchant who wants money, let him
make his propositions lor it acccording to
law. If he has good security he will obtain ;
the money. If his security is doubtful, it is j
the worst species of gambling tor any one
to lead him into engagements inconsistent
with his ability and which will deprive him
in the end of all means to pay his just debts.
But Sir, pass this bill, and what will your
Bailroadsdo? Already have we given oner
lioad the opportunity to sell her bonds at 8
per cent, and what was done 'I the bonds j
were bought by the money holder immedi-ately,
but, ho must have them at .« per cent, j
and would not take them lor any less. This
shows you at once that give them the power
and there will be no slopping placo to them,
for already are our works of Internal Im-provements
in a starving condition by hav- I
jiijr to pay these money holders more than
their money is worth to keep up. Then I
Sir, if this body wishes to break down her |
Kailroads, ruin the people, pass this bill, and j
you have done the execution for ihe roads ;
and the people at large. I cannot believe |
this legislature will act so unwise as to pan
this bill. I for one upon this floor represent-ing
the peoplo of the county of Yadkiu, whom
1 love and delight to honor and serve, whom
I am proud here to say that 1 represent as
honorable, high-minded and patriotic con-stitueney
as any man on this floor, or 11
will say as live in the State ot North Car-olina
and as free from want and as inde-pendent
as any people in the world, and as
their representative, I enter my protes-against
the bill—I hope it will not pass.
NATIONAL POUNDERY.
SPEECH OF
HON. JNO. A. GILMER,
OF NORTH CAROLINA,
//' thr House of Tltptesentaticrs, Feb. 21, 1859.
The House being in the Committee of the
Whole on tho state of the Union—
Mr. GILMER said: .
MB, CHAIRMAN : In offering any views in
support of the claims of my nativo State,
North Carolina, to ;> share of the public pat-ronage
and disburse ments in the establish-ment
ol' national works, 1 am at once struck
I with two important reflections. First, that,
; of the many million•* invested in munificent
■ (iovernment structures, distributing so much
1 capital among the people where they are
I erected, and, at the same time, strengthen-
; ing the hand of commerce and enterprise in
j their respective localities, and from which
I all of the sea-board States haw derived more
; or less advantage, the old NorthStaie,though
I one of the most faithful of the thirteen sis-itors
who pledged their jewels, treasures and
i honor upon the altar of liberty, and never
; broke the vow, has yet to be rewarded with
I the first particular ol' (iovernment patronage
I to any respectable degree ; and second, and
perhaps more astonishing, that mineral wealth
ol such almost boundless extent, as is pro-ven
to exist there, should not long ere this
have been called into active use by well di-rected
individual enterprise. Here are two
manifest derelictions of duty of some sort,
and should claim Ihe immediate attention of
every true son oi North Carolina.
The first neglecl, i tear, has resulted from
the want of proper attention, and vigilance
on the part of her Bepresentatives on this
Hoor, who have sp<?nt loo much of their
time upon abstract propositions, in fostering
the mere political issues of the day ; which
when advancement or tenure of place is to
be the result, are never wanting for ardent
if not furious advocates while the real in-terests
of their constituency, and the State
they represent, have heentoo much neglected.
Days, weeks, months, and years, have been
wasted or labored away, urging in the politi-cal
forum, matters wholy abstract, and of-ten
incapable of even a practical test ; and
in which fact consist, in many instances, the
major part of the apparent dignity and ef-fect
of such issues, while real, practical, use-ful
questions, of tiie development and im-provement
of the material resources, agri-cultural,
commercial, and mineral, of their
State, have be» u completely overlooked.—
Now, I do not propose to arraign any gen-tleman
for a failure i:i duty, who has hereto-fore,
or now represents my State, for their
previous course of legislative action has
doubtless been to 1 hem satisfactory and suf-ficient.
But, I do propose to ask them, and
all others, to unite with me in giving some
attention to the real material interests of
North Carolina In fact, I might extend my
remarks beyond my purpose, and cause them
to apply to manyof theothersouthern States;
but, in doing so, I would not only assume tho
duties of others more competent to do so,
but would, at the same time transcend the
courtesy extended to me by the House on
this occasion.
Nor can 1 now do lull justice to my State
on this important matter, both for the want
of time and all the information 1 could wish,
even were I not limited by this particular
subject ol tho establishment of a national
founder}-, to which I shall advert directly.—
So immense, and almost boundless, are the
mineral and manufacturing resources of
North Carolina, that a volumn may be tilled
with their variety, quality, and utility. I
speak not now of the gold and silver, exis-ting
in such large quantities, and which are
so much more active sought, but 1 mean to
allude more particularly to the moro solid,
abundant, and, I will add, more valuable de-posites
of coal andSron. These arclarticles
of universal use, which everybody pays tri-bute
to in some shape, and ever must so
long as commerce and agriculture<-and their
natural offspring, manufactures,are the lead-ing
objects of man's attention. 1 care not
who holds the purse, while I hold the arti-cles
of indispensable use, such as coal and
iron. The former will loosen its strings and
flow to the latter, as naturally as the mag-net
is attracted by the poles. Every man who
inhabits a house or shelters under a roof, uses
cither directly or indirectly, the fabrics or
products of coal and iron, and pays for
them in some shape ; therefore, every man
is a contributor to the use of great staple
minerals. While Spain and other European
Bower held and absorbed, as it were, tho so-called
precious metals, then known both to
the Old and the New World, England being
possessed of the solid coal and iron, '/.. real
precious metal, has drawn the gold and silver
of Spain and other countries into her nation-al
tollers, where they arc yet safely locked
ii]i. and are likely to be, while English do-mestic
and commercial policy is observed,
and until other nations, equally blessed with
bko materials, shall adopt the same precept
and example oi' using their fees* rsourccs, their
solid wealth, their "(Mil and iron.
North Carolina is bountifully blessed by
Providence with these solid staple minerals
of coal and iron, and equally blessed with
water-power and other natural elements for
bringing them into use, and which must
Come into use, in spite of present or hither-to
neglect. Her water power J can almost
say is the best in the universe. Her Yad-kiii,
Ararat, Mitchell's, Fishery, Dan, Smith,
North anil South, Tow, Coney, Ivy, Swan-owa,
Nantihala, V: II y, Hiwasse, Watauga,
New, Catawba, I'larie, Haw and Deep riv-ers
furnish streams for manufacturing pur
poses, which will last inexhaustable, beyond
the power of man lo consume, so long as
tho mountains from which these streams
How. shall stand to attest the work and glo-ry
of a beneficent Creator, hi her French
llroad alone is more water-power than in all
New England put together, only waiting to
be called into use by an industrial enterprise
similar to that which has made New Eng-land
what she is and 1 hope wiil ever be in
this particular, to render North Carolina in
everything her superior. Over four hun-dred"
thousand spindles revolve in l.owel
alone, and over ten times four hundred thou-sand
can be moved by the regular waters of
the French Broad alone, without even ma-king
an impression on the abundant supply.
Besides the over abundance of water in the
limpid streams of the old North State, they
are exempt from the bitter frosts and freez-ing
winters, which congeal at times the best
streams in New England, obstructing their |
great utility, while in North Carolina tbey|
rarely ever freeze, and are at the same time j
blessed with an elevated locality, and whole-ome
mountain atmosphere, rendering her
valleys not only Bafo for mans habitation,
but equall}- desirable.
But iron oren, tho best and most abundant
as I have stated, abound throughout the
whole State. It would astonish one not fa-milliar,
to see or learn their quantity or ex-tent.
To attempt to describe their pncNe
locality and extent with minuteness, would
load me into two great a detail; but before
confining myself to the particular subject de-signed
in ihese remarks, this much I will
say : yon may cast your eye on the map of
North Car iliua, and start with me trom the
county of Stokes, where you have an abun-dant
supply of coal and iron, in immediate
proximity ; you may go westward, border-ing
hard on the Yirginia and then the Ten-nessee
line, till you reach the Roan moun-tain,
which continually calls to mind much
of the heroism of the revolution ; and from
thence eastward till you run into the Deep
river valley, and you will have traveled over
deposits o:' iron so abundant, of such supe-rior
quality, that not a similar scope of
country on the earth can surpass it. Form-ing
as it were a groat reserve treasured up
in nature's storehouse wailing for the train-ed
hand o;1 the enterprising utilitarian to un-lock
and BSO, to the benefit and wealth of
mankind. 1 cannot contemplate the vasi-nc-
ss and value af these sinew- of wealth and
grandeur of my native State without being
greatly moved, and longing to see the day
when a better directed industry and v^iser
political economy shall with fostering policy
call them forth, and bid North Carolina be
in practical fact what she is by nature de-signed,
one of the best and most extensive |
iron producing countries in the world.— i
Once developed, the mines will sustain them-selves
; and the southern forge and rolling-
.nill will sustain and meet the southern de-mand,
anl every car-wheel that traverses
the State, bearing the products of her soil,
will wind their way over iron rails taken
from the same soil without the aid of tariffs
or protection ; and then, indeed, may we
talk of and about southern independence.
It has long been a growing conviction On
the part of the Government, that a national
l'oundery should be established, not only for
the certain supply of a belter article ol
certain kinds of fabrics ol iron for ii:iult
and military use, but also to improve*
tho 83-stem of combining, and the effect j
of combining, the various descriptions I
of iron, and other kindred metallic ores.— |
This important subject at once attracted the 1
attention of the present able Secretary of
War, upon his installment into office, and in
his first annual report hespokeofand recom-mended
the subject, in the following earnest
and emphatic manner:
" The importance to the public service of I
establishi ig a national l'oundery has been !
so often brought to the attention of Con-gress
by my predecessors, thai nothing but a
conviction of its great conseqm nee 10 the 1
public aid private interest-, of the whole 1
country int-ourages me to mention it again. !
"A we l-managednational founderywould j
very speedily develop and establish facts, ,
which would add immensely to our national!
wealth. It is scarcely to be credited, that. I
with the infinite variety of iron ore, and '[
their boundless extent in the Enitcd State.
we should not have yet discovered a mine
Capable of making ihe vrry best gun, or, if;
such be discovered, that there are no means
by which the public service can be benefit-1
oil by it; but such is the lact.
"A national foundery would serve as a
great laboratory at which the quality and
value of metals throughout the whole Con- '
federacy would be tested and lixed. Every
variety < f iron, with its special adaptation |
to particular uses, would, in a l\-w years, be
familiarly known in the country, and indi- !
vidual enterprise would save, in experi-ments,
many times the amount which the
works would cost ; whilst a great national
branch of industry might, by tin* mean--, re-ceive
a legitimate and efficiont encourage-ment.
"There is but little doubt thai many Ame-rican
iron ores are equal, at least, to those ol
Norway, and yet the nation is driven by ;
necessity to purchase from abroad the Nor- ;
wegian iron for the manufacture of small
arms. Choosing to have the best quality of
arms, we must go abroad for the best quali- ;
ty of iron. A national foundery would soon 1
teach us to improve the manufacture of iron, '
and we would be saved the mortification of
bringing iron trom abroad, ami the money,
too, we ;iave to pay for it.
"The cost of heavy guns would presently
be diminished, and their quality would be,
undoubtedly, very materially, improved.
" It therefore appears to me that every
consideration of sound policy and economy
demands the establishmenI of a national foun-dery,
which 1 accordingly respectfully re-commend."
So so" n as I discovered thai ihis subject
was again recommended to the attention ot
Congress, I at once felt COVincod that North
Carolina was the State, and the Deep river
valley the locallity, which offered tin- best
facilities for erecting such a work ; and when
my colleague, [Mr. Branch.] at the last ~. •-
sion, offered a bill to this effect, I was in \
hopes theeflort would movesteadily forward.
and thai the claims of North Carolina, and
the facilities she offered on tins subject,
would Lo well considered, and. if Well
tained as I believe they can be, conceded and
allowed. But, like most of measures which
are of a truly practical and commercial char- 1
actor for a southern State, it has been per-mitted
to linger till it is about forgotten.—
It is now my purpose to revive the subject,
and claim lor my State a full and fair hear-ing
in the premises. 1 premise, then, by say-ing
that the Deep river valley, in the Stale
of North Carolina, is a suitable place for a
national foundery, and that the Suite of
North Carolina has peculiar claims for its
location within her borders.
What constitutes a suitable place lor a na-tional
fiundery?
1- Minerals and other materials for u-e in
such a work; and of these, principally coal
and iron ore.
2. Locality, accessibility to tide-water.
and inaccessibility to an enemy in time of]
war.
3. Cliinate.and means lor subsisting a pop-ulation
of mechanics and workmen.
On the first I can safely say, w ithout dis-1
parng^uunt to other places, that the "»ecp
river valley has no superior. 11 has cot of
tho best and most abundant quality. 1.
a bituminous coal, totally free from inlpiWr,
or oilier noxious element militating against
its freeu*e tor manu!a<-iuriiig purposes oilany
description, ll is t mottle 1 to bu ono otith"
best gas COM Is in the world, and yield-4»tbe
gtealCSl abundance of the best coke tor s»ncl,
ting and forge work,and i^ well adapted] for
making what is called hollow lire-, for ii-11
wronghi-iroii work Its iron ores, toc'aie
equally superior, and of every variety tin
specular, blown hemotite. magnetic, .'and
bhie-clav ores, are inexhaustible, andar all
bedded together in a narrow eompass,
then, over and above any other place ki »WO
on the continent, the only workable red 1 of
black-band ore Interline* the soal-themselves
; not only so, bill are the de ic-I
in thickness and extent ever yet dlsooi 're I
in any country. This is not assumption bat
fact, proven and viable to the lnape< ti 1 of
any inquirer. A shall, laiely Mink by
of the companies engaged in operating iese
mines, to the depth of live hundred feet, d
ofcmes no less than upwards of seven I* 1 of
coal, and over eleven I'-.-l of black band OS*,
all confined in a stratum ol some forty set.
This is only one spot : bul others sre M ally
favored. I'.m this important inalleabh ar-ticle
of ore. tor 1 he purpose of making a. the
descriptions of fabrics forwar an I aava u-e.
cannot be over-estimated, and should gi re u
controlling influonee in the selection 01 the
locality for such a national work. Wit t he
use of this deposit, exclusively, ssyet, i mud
in workable quantities in the Beep rivef FfJ
ley. combined with the other and harder
ores found in such great abundance, "it sfi
able the Government to make ever} del . ; -
tion of iron fabrics, from the barbs! U,i ■ <-I
cannon or, shaft, down to the toflesl (OOp
band thai 1:111 he demanded for any past ««f
the naval or military departments.
Several very able and lucid reports
been made by eminent geoligist -. wh 1 •
their statements upon actual explorstj
made with thegn atesl caution and sttell •■
to the foots, a'long whom I may mextl •.
prominently Prolessors Johnson. JacKson
and Emmons—the latter being tin- author-ized
State sjeoligisl ior Norih Cajolirn -
From their united opinions and statements
in their several reports, the following sre
Some of their conclusions ■
I. The coal is ofa quality equal to the best
Newcastle coal, and the best for makinglgae,
for which purpose it would brin( in
York si-, or seven dollars per ton.
JJ. Il i- very easy Ui work, and frds >•!
fault.
:;. It is admirably suitable for • . in •
iron, being free from sulphur.
4. Black-band iron ore overlies and* nn
derlies the coal, and can be mined from* tb«*
same pits and openings
5, The black-band is in deposits
inches to six (eel thick, and of a belter fual-ity
than any found in Scotland, containing
such a large portion of itumen, and a ••
peculiar a charactei thai from twelve toisix-teen
gallons ol keroeeneoil can be extrac*
ted from it while ii is being calcined to yl it
for the blast liirnace. Six to sixteen in.
is the usual thickness of the black-band . n
ore in Scotland. '.
i>. Hematite iron ore, clay-band, and ,
magnetic iron ores, are in enormous <* "•—
its within ten miles ol th" coal and bl-ick-band.
7. Pig iron can be made from the u'; ■ ••
deposits, ofa quality superior to sny 1. •
in Scotland, in any quanity, and at p|
less than in Scotland, the proximity ol the
minerals to each other nnue than eomp
ting for the higher wages in mining. Kay*
a practical Scotch iron master, speakin of
the Deep river valley:
■•I amsatisfied that pig iron can be '« •■
at a eost of nine dollars per ton in Chaii 1
county, on the banks of the Deep riv«|
< )ne hundred and fifty thousand dolars
would suffice to buj enough of mineral I ui
to supply two furnaces with man 1 ..-.,• i, r
some generations, li would suffice U (ink
the pits, and erect two furnaces on the Scot-tish
principle; and. as the minerals are the
same as in Scotland, the plans ough£ li/
be importea from thence. The two I
ces could make four hundred to five bun Jn d
tons a week—-say twenty thousand toi -•)" r
annum—at a co-i of about ten dollars per
ton, (8200,000.) Price in Neu Jfori
Bostou varies from twenty two dollar* '.'•
twenty-eight dollar- per ton."
In addition to these materials, tl 1
fire-clay of best quality, in grei al un I %
interlineing the seams of coal and black "nl
ore; thus affording, from the same j • ■ r
shaft, co.il, iron ore, and fire-clay J a id ' lie
other descriptions of iron mc. i>> n ii.
matite, speculi 1, sn I mngnetu . being ii J .
diately contiguous, leaving nothing '• !■,•
done but i" develop and us.- them lo j .• \
tent aud in every shape thai tin unl
can wi-ii or require the UBO ol iron
The second supposed requisite for n -
ble site for a national founder^ -th<
/</, HI.,.•..,1,,1'ity <■• I'll: water, and in * •
lo an enemy"—\ will briefly state, is 1
gcously presented in these North 1
coalfields. The Deep river Bows ihr«|
the coal and iron deposit*. It i- a.l-
Btream, highly adapted to»lack-wat<
which are now being 1 >m>truct< d ■
tance from the site of the work- to ; -
board, or mouth ol the Cape Fesr riv< fj ,nlo
which Deep river Bows, i- only al J
hundred and sixty miles: and tide \ -J tO
the depth of some t welve leet, ' n 1
:; • levonty mill - ol 1 be pla< e ■
nation:.I : could be sdvan
erected. Wi'.h the slack-water work*
pleted, as they soon "ill bo, beside* a sil<
road to Fayettevile, now under con»trii
the fabrics for Government use •
and convenientlr be cat ri< d out lln ui ' 1 t
-■ aports, or borne i ; ■
enem< '' ts ca "i
armed fun-invade the ehtablikbpiClit
out marching over land a con
ney ; « . c 1 is al out as nigh Mcnrit;
•btained. The lo< ality 1 Hail
good one.
Thirdly, climate, and means of MM*
■ population oi mechanics and world ieni m
this respect tin- Deep river vallej j •••
p laseeses superior sdvantagea, li
• Iced, the dividing line between u
cnliarly southern and northern j
Extending south from the local
mines.you travels,- the cotton and >■ '
gions where those Staples arc pi duied
export to all parts of the world ;
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