The Greensborough patriot [December 10, 1858]

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<l\t (§mn atrat *« i iiii
.A. Family Newspaper-Devoted to Politics, Literature, Agriculture, Manufacturds, Commerce, and Miscellaneous Heading.
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VOLUME XX. GREEXSBOROUGH, N. 0, FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 10, 1858.
BUSINESS CARPS.
V a" IIKHtEC'OCK, ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Jf.LetW N C- Feb. 17, 1858. 972 tf.
H'OIM" * ITLEY, COMMISSION AND
Jf For* ■■■■ Merchants, Fayetteville, N. C.
J4III> »• I.O.\Xi. ATTORNEY AT LAw7~
GREENSDOROUGH, N. C.
■ kit. .1. A. HILL.
Kjr* ©wnwtowugj $afctai
*■ S. SHERWOOD.
JAMES A. LO.HO.
SHERWOOD & LONG,
EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.
LEXINGTON, N. C.
Jit Oil T. BROWN, ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Biffh Point, N. C. will ultend lu all business en-
..-, ■ I ••> DM e«re. March L''i, 1858. 977 ly.
UBS. <•. L. &. R. I« PAYWE, COPARTNERS
.u the practice of Medicine, Obstetrics and Surgc-ry.
taxing* m, N. C.
N' «*. FREEMAIi, WITH ABBOTT, JONES*
• •'.... Importers nnd Jobbers of Staple and Fancy
tUi. '■ •••'•'• So. 153 Marks' Street, Philadelphia.
TERMS: $2.oo A YEAR, U ADVANCE
IV.'<-. VTHITFORD, GENERAL COMMIS-ain.
N MERCHANT, East Front Street,
NEW BERN, N. C.
Agent for Smith's Line NEW YORK PACKETS.
{jT'lioiris received ami Frrwarded. '.'90 6m
IMMIVr STREET HOI'SE, BEAUFORT,
* N C. - - W. T. WHITFIELD, Proprietor.
i u9 large ■*'''' commodious Hotel is now open for
tie accommodation ol visitors. Board $1.30 per day.
.1.11.- 23 i S68. 990 tf
nit.JAMES K. HALE. HAVING REMOVED
to Grecnsborough, N. C., offers his Professional
Servktsto the public. Office on West Market Street,
iaihehvnse recently occupied as a residence bv Hon.
J..i.:i A Gilmer. February, 1868. 973 if
IaW iOIMRTVERSIIIP.—J. A. LONG &
I i> f <-ki.!.wKi.r.. Greensborough, N. C having
h-j- '*:U« I themselves in the practice of the law, iii the
IVartaofG ilfordcounty, will promptly attend to all
ba-lnea« entrusted to their care. Jan. 1858. 967 tf
Rates or Advertising.
O.N-K dollar per square for the first week, and twenty-five
cents fer every week thereafter. TWELVE LINES OR
LESS making a square. Deductions made in favor of
standing matter as follows:
3 MONTHS. C MONTHS. 1 TEAR.
Oue square §3 &0 $5 50 $8 00
Two squares, 7 00 10 00 14 00
Thrce " 10 00 15 00 20 00
COMMUNICATIONS.
J
» • * * • ~f> n -*~ " -. «. «--
£p.-cial Ktei ioi ; • Ito the sale of Grain, Cotton aji
MbrrS ntl ■††• 8@*Liberal advances mSl
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
!.,,..._• located in Greensborongh, N.
('..»." vt-• 1 •: « ': of Randolph Davidson and
Ciii'.f-ti I. '•• > ■ attend to the collection of all
claimspla " >-• Jan. 9, 1S57. 915 tf
■1/ATSOS & MEARS, GENERAL COMMIS-
?t '" n Merchants, 34 Hurling Slip. New York.—
and
lie
mi eoBsieiini 915 tf
MtRBLE WORKS.—(iEt)RC.E HE1NRIC1I,
\i. .. turerofMonuments, Tombs, Head-stones,
&„•. at reduced prices, lour doors North of the Court
11 iii-e, <■■• • i. N. C. Jay-Orders froni a dis-rsnee
promptly filled. 971 tf
MEVR1 «. (.OKItlXI., WHOLESALE AND
Retail lea ei i ;i Fruits, Candies, Preserves, Piek-iti.
Nuts. Perfumery, Segars, Tobacco, Snuff, Fancy
Articles. &e., Ute .' irrclt's SewBrick Building, Grei as-l~
i..ii»ii. K. C. April 29, 1858. 982 tf
\I*.SPERRT, «»l North Carolina,
• With WM. GRAYDON & CO.,
li.-; ■•.-• ■ - -• I i ibber oi i»rj Hoods, 4'-. PARK
PLM'E -it Si BARCLAY STREET,
Win. ti iv.Ion, | «-„„. -., „,r I <'PO. H. Seeley,
..'a, Stays . }Xcw ¥wfc'{Wm.A.Scott.
Novemlx i.l - tf
HUH! B. BOWXASll. | W. D. RKYNOLDS. | J. II. ROWLAND.
I • (ill I. t\l» & REYNOLDS, SUCCESSORS
I t.i ludersmi & Reynolds, Grocers and Commission
Merchants, Ji'ORFl ILK, Va. a«^-Pay particular at-tentioatuth*
de »f Flonr, Grain, Tobacco, etc., avoid-ing
Bunee try chai ..I rendering prompt re-turn*,
ti, -. I ■ r, 1857. 963 tf
11.11 M. WILL. L. SCOTT.
VJi'OTT Ai. SCOTT, ATTORNEYS AND CO0N-
£* -.•i:.i„ m Law. - GREENSBOROUGH, N. C,
Hilt attend the Courts of Guilford, Alamance, Ran-
J-'..li, Daviilson, Forsythand Rockingham. All claims
in'i.i'cl to them for collection, will receive prompt
attention. Office on North Street, fourth door from
l.iml :.j' c irncr.
\V«. IE HIRKSEV, COMMISSION MER-T?
ehsml and General Agent, Morehcad City, N. C.
Will -.ir-ii I to I uying, selling, receiving and forwarding
til b:ii!. of pruduci mdi erchandise.
J.\'-.-i.., ->, ,y. J. M Morehead, Orcenpborouith, N.
« . John II. Uaughlon, Esq., Newberne, N. C. Dr. F.
J. Hill. WilmiugUm, N. C. II. A. London, Esq.. Pitts-
Uoroush. N. C. Juno 1, 1858. 987 tf
| i:\l\t.TO\ JEWELRY STORE.
v.i. ' '' ' T '''"*':' i,a"'' lhfl ti"" GOLD LE-
\ l.K WATt'HES manufu ured by Johnson of Liver-
1". -I, :u. I !•:....... , t London. Also, the Silver Lever
ii U'I'I "' ' ' ' V ""' Watcn» witn a variety or
J!.\\I.I.i:i .,» nil descriptions. All of which will be
r»" :- Watches if all descriptions repaired.
i if
IAS. M.M.I l ,
GEORGE R1LEY.
ALEX. OLDUAM.
(JTOKELY & OI.niliM. GROCERS AND
J Commission II chants, Wilmington, N. C. Liber-ii
n tawees ma Ic produce consigned to us, when
a.-:r. l
n:i-.ni
•ai'i.-rr: a Bank.
—Col John McRae, President of the Bank
•'. Parsley, Esq., President of Hie
:. 28, 1857. 948 ly
ilETER W. IIIVKIV. COMMISSION MER-
_ chant. Town Point, NORFOLK, Va. Special at-
>itt..n paid to selling Tobacco, Plour, Grain, Cotton,
*"***• ,S!" ' •• ■•■'■ vl~ to receiving and forwarding
Uifimrei—Charles r.. llinton. Wake, N. C. G. B
u-niio. l.«q.. and Geo. W. Haywood, Raleigh, N. C.
*m. Plmnaer. i:-: , \1 enton, N. C. AugT 1865.
I» J.MEVOEMIAEE, LAND AGENT, WILL
t*» »•:•• t and ', ircrnmcnl Land. I »te Land
"•*""'''*'••'•• • ' ■ its for capitalists al Western
t.:r%pyiai t a general real estate bu-
;,'.',•• ,!'.." ' Iowa and Wisconsin. Address,
*'-•»••••>. s, Minnesota.
,,'".•''..■ ':;■■■' X! Morehcad, George C. Men-
,,""•' v tvnn and Hon John A. Gilmer.
«»J K Kili 888 tf
\\' II. Mt'KfclCV *i CO., FACTORS AND
.• ' t ' i Merchants, Agents for the sale and
r .M.V..-,: i •, ,, Yi,,ar, Grain, Salt, Groceries, &c,
■'•'■■ r Pi--... , u'ater Streets, Wilmington, N. C.
''•f^l l. - :i » ignuient*.
..'"- •• -H. I!, s ■ , . Cashier Bank of Cape
'■•r: HER*»SSET St Brown, Wilmington, N. C. F. ^
■ ri.-i. Kili in. S. C. C. Graham .v Co., Marion C.
i < Uu . Adderton &. Co., Lexington N.i'.
J I.. DOXXELL'S Photosrapbic Gal-
■ •• lei> .- i...u . pened, andCameotypes, Melaino-
.":—.:IM »\ii;i;orvi'i:s. which cannot be surpassed
1'" UVPiLiI i and BEAUTY are taken in Lockets,
_—._aa . i",-. -, to suit the tastes and purses of all.—
'■_"'•' I',r" in . .■••in-d in Greensborongh, they
'•■'■•••:.} ni.n a liberal patronage.
:, f"«** • '•'• and examiue Sjiecimens, and learn the
■ •*"•■ †I! ••!- formerly oecupied by A. Starrett,sec-
1 •:-';.• ol •■,•■■■ ; - i,;,|. building, W«j8l Market St.,
'••"'' ,■•■■ N. •'. March, ls.>« 971 tf
(i,'.VK,'l': "• KELLY, COMMISSION MER-
■".i:.:. -,r i !'■■:.. p ;!i Family Groceries and Pro-
,"""'•" \'- 11, SortU Water Street, WILMINGTON, N.
"id k.- pi m [j on hand, Sugars, Coffees, AIo-
*•--. i
: In
'I
1 ' r itter. Lard, Soap, Caudles.
■•■ - ' His. Snuffs, &c.
lent of Commercial
of Wilmington,
V M. Gorman, Rev. 11. T. Heflin,
' F. Gat •. D ivi I McKnight, Grcensl -
",'."'■''■ Pai sley, Presi len
■f ,' : •-"• *li I .-•. p ■ ††† ††† j;.,, h
■ "' "B .•!. -, i- \ \i ,- ,..
,1 1. Rf|f| IIKOCK, 1>. Si. S., RESPECT-
- • ■ ■ †• ices to the citizens
■' ■ •- -:' • iil others who desire operations
■' .. i.'ii in the latest and best style.
• • I, can have any satisfactory refer-kUl,
&c . .vt.i and tlie advantage
' . • practice in MEDICINE AND
ith every new discovery that is valua-
.';.. '7 "' •' '"' "shed his OPERATING ROOMS
-.'... ,.l'." '•' ' 1 story of Garrett's brick bnild-
.,"'•'•' -. found unless professionally
••♦'" - - • " 982 tf
1 re. i. •
■ •- .-.i- .
^■•-- v- i
•-XTISTRV
[For the Greensborough Patriot.]
ANOKRSON COUNTY, K. T., Nov. Cth, 1S58.
MESSRS. SHERWOOD & LONG: It in custo-mary
for the people of the older settled por-tions
of the country to blend with the idea
of a far west frontier and new country, that
of ferocious wild Indians, and ferocious wild
beasts, and reptiles; such having been the
general character of new-western territories.
Some of your readers, particularly sports-men,
who may not be posted on this subject
as regards Kansas, will, perhaps have their
curiosity gratified by something said about
such things.
We have not got far enough back to be-come
acquainted by actual observation, with
the 'Buffalo' or 'Bear.' One hundred or
one hundred and lift}- miles west of us on the
waters of Kansas and Arkansas, they are
said to abound. Thither the sportsman who
is desirous of the highest excitement of the
chase, must repair at the proper season.
There he will find buffaloes, pursued by the
whiteman, and by the red man. To enjoy
the sport lie has but to fall in. Having no
personal acquaintance with the animal or
the chase, 1 cannot attempt a description of
either. From tho accounts I have heard
given by hunters, I infer that the recitals
given in books, &C-, are not wide of the
mark.
All over the Territory, ' Deer' arc found,
but not in the numbers that have character-ized
many of the western countries. Prairies
may not be adapted to their nature and hab-its;
but a more suiiicicnt reason for their
scarcity, is the number of Indian tribes loca-ted
ii! the Territory, dependent on game, in
part, for their subsistanee. None of these
tribes are located in our immediate vicinity,
yet, at intervals, throughout the year, the
Sacs (Sauks) may be found tented on the
creek or moving over tho prairies in long-lines,
going from place to place in search of
game. Between the Indians and the whites,
the remnant of deer are fast disappearing.
Elks are not found here at all; but there is
evidence, that not long since, they roamed
over these wilds. There aro several small
animals peculiar to the prairies. Of these,
the "Prairie Wolf," may be named first.
There are many of them in tho wild prairies,
as the Indians do not destroy them. They
somewhat resemble a small dog twelve or
fifteen inches high. While prowling over
their native wilds, unalarincd they move
with a deliberate spring, carrying their heads
high, the neck rising almost perpendiciilarly
from'the shoulders; but when they are great-ly
frightened, they run with incredible speed.
Their color is yellow, of various shades, some
appearing almost white. Their bark very
much resembles thatof a small dog, but when
several of them howl in concert, they send
forth an unearthly yell, at once doleful and
lonely, which, if not appaling, is at least,
grating to an unaccustomed ear. They are
timid, and any thing but dangerous to man.
They however, prey upon poultry, and I be-lieve
on lanbs,and aro undesirable neighbors.
They disappear as the settlements advance,
eitheir being killed or betaking themselves
to more secluded haunts. Their skins are
valued here at fifty cents a piece.
Tho ' Badger' burrows underground in
the prairies; a little mound indicating their
place of ingress and egress. They are about
the size of a raccoon. Their color is a red-dish
brown or gray ground, variegated with
white stripes, and rows of spots. Some
young one* we saw caught last spring, had
a white stripe passing over the forehead and
along the back, with a row of beautiful white
spots on each side. We can never know
whether these animals arc the same as those
mentioned in the sacred writings, the skins
of which were used as a "covering of the
tent over the tabernacle;" but the simple
beauty of these is such, that it requires no
■tretch of the fancy to suppose that similar
ones might appropriately be thought worthy
of so conspicious a situation. But to return,
they are fierce to fight when attacked, but
are never assailants. They grunt and growl.
Their nose is sharp, and their legs short and
thick, to fit them for penetrating the earth
in accordance with their instincts. They
appear not to be carnivorous, and so far as I
know, are inoffensive to man.
The "Gapher" somewhat resembles the
mole, both in appearance and habits, but is
three or lour times as large. It docs not
raise the earth in passing through it, as the
mole does, but at spaces it comes out of the
earth. For this purpose, it is furnished with
pouches by an enlargement of the skin on
each side of the jaws. All over the prairie
are seen hillocks of various elevations, raised
by these curious little creatures. On these,
grass and weeds grow in greater lururianco,
and they often bear shrubbery, as sumachs,
hazels, &c, and sometimes the germs of trees
get implanted on them. The squatter in
search of a claim, likes to find a prairie that
the these animals have shown a preference
for. They appear to annoy the farmer some,
by drawing his grain under ground, and in
some other ways.
Of other animals or quadrupeds, the rac-coon,
the rabbit, and various kinds of squir-rels
are plentiful. The Opossum is not found
here, but is known to exist at no great dis-tance
off, in the State of Missouri. Tho fox
is rare. Panthers and be:irs are not seen
here. What, tho Uoeky Mountains within
the limits of Kansas, can offer in the line of
curious wild beats, I am not better informed
than those may be who livo farther away.
Of tho feathered tribes, there is but one
kind that differs much from what is general-ly
seen all over tho United Slates, and that
is tho "Prairie Chicken," by some called
"grouse " These abound in vast quantities
in the settled prairies. They are found
everywhere in the prairie.*, but seem to in-crease
or accumulate when farms are mado,
and grain is grown. They are in color and
shape some like a partride, but about as
large as a common barnyard fowl. Though
their plumage is not gay, they aro very
handsome. In autumn and winter they may
be seen about fields of grain, in flocks some-times
of hundreds. They are shy, and do
not like to have a gun pointed at them; but
an adroit gunner can soon tako a supply.
They are also taken in traps. Their eggs
are about the size and color of those of the
guinea fowl. Their flesh is dark, the breast
not being white as that of the common fowl.
They however, make good food for the hun-gry-
Turkeys arc tolerably plentiful, mostly in
or near the timber, (.'rows aro abundant
enough, and greatly among the farmers at
planting time. They are not afraid of the
open prairie. There are several varieties of
hawks, some of which are new to us. In
the woods, our cars are greeted with the
hooting of the owl, the same doleful sond
we have been used to from childhood The
forest in the spring is made vocal with the
music of small birds, familiar to our memo-ries.
The blackbird, the field larks, tho
dove, and the sparrow, are not afraid to go
out on tho wide wild prairie. Partridges
are seen, but not in great abundance herea-bouts.
Doubtless they will increase as fields
of small grain do. We sometimes hear the
whip-poor-will, with his old familiar chant;
but then, again wo arc occasionally sere-naded
far out on the prairie, by the same
species of bird, in an unknown tongue, which
cannot be articulated or written in English.
There are no new or wonderful reptiles in
Kansas, and, but few venomous ones. There
are some common large rattlesnakes in the
timber, and some copperheads. Thero is a
species of small rattlesnake, seldom exceed-ing
two feet in length, found only in prairies.
When incautiously approached they will bite,
first giving warning; but their bite, though
painful, is seldom dangerous. These are
said to be water-moccasins. Many common
harmless snakes and lizzards may be seen
sliding about among the grass and hedges.
Fish of various kinds abound in the sterams.
A NOETH CAROLINA EMIGRANT.
NUMBER 10 li
by a certificate in proper form and signed
by tho inspectors, who held the elections at
that precinct; Htating, "that on counting the
tickets from the Commons box, it was found
to contain but one for Holdsclaw, and on
counting tho tickets from the Senate box,
they found one there also for him, which
was counted and returned in the Commons
election," &c. And farther, that he had only
received "one legal vote at that precinct."
The Sheriff then, after duo consideration,
finally decided that ho Lad no right to count
a vote which the inspectors declared was il-legal,
which brought the electien to a tie be-tween
Holdsclaw and Ilorton, he then gave
his casting vote in favor of the latter, and
offered him a certificate of election, which
ho declined to accept; tho Governor was then
informed of tho fact, Horton at the same
time tendering his resignation, which his
Excellency refused to recognize, and order
another election as was expected, stating
that he wished first to be informed whether
the Sheriff had given a certificate of election
to Holdsclaw or decided that he was elected
on the first comparing of the polls, which he
"presumed" was the case on the day after
the election. But his Excellency is here a
little mistaken in "presuming," that the de-cision
was made He says futhor, "it seems
to mo therefore, that I cannot order another
election in a caso of conflict, that it is for
the Legislature to decide, and not one of the
cases of resignation or refusal to accept, con-templated
by tho law, &c. Now, how did
he know it was a "caso of conflict," it had
never been reported to him officially, but
the "refusal to accept," had been done offi-cially
by tho Sheriff; But, oh! it was a
"case for tho Legislature to decide," and
that being democratic by a large majority,
it was "presumed" that it would bo decided
there just to suit his own peculiar feelings,
as it would perhaps bo the means of his got-ting
ono more vote for U. S. Senator, (a po-sition
for which it is understood that his Ex-cellency
has a very great hankering,) than
he would otherwise, if another election was
held and a man elected who would represent
the true interest and political sentiment of a
large majority of the free voters of the coun-ty.'
WATAUGA.
Boone, N. C, Nov. 22,1858.
We do rejoice,"therefore, as National,
>rvative Unionistsiand thai
[From the National American.J
SIGNIFICANT.
[For the Greensborough Patriot.]
MESSRS. EDITORS: It is a fact well estab-lished
here by the result of the last elections,
that the Whig Party still have a majority of
nearly two hundred in the county of Watau-ga,
this being the case, the question may rea-sonably
asked why it is that we arc at pres-ent
represented in the Commons by a demo-crat?
In answer to such a question, permit
mc here to state the way and manner in
which the election was held and the causes
which produced so disastrous a result, and
secured Mr. Holdsclaw a seat in the Legisla-ture.
In the first place, there were fivo can-didates
in the field, four Whigs and one De-mocrat,
but as politics wore not made a mat-ter
of issue between the candidates, it would
not have effected the election of a Whig, had
it not been for a local question, (the removal
of the county seat,) which was gotten up by
Mr. Holdsclaw and his friends, and held forth
as an inducement to procure votes for him;
this tempting bait had tho desired effect,
and was swallowed by many unwary Whigs,
who, perhaps did not notice the nauseating
pill therein enveloped. All jbhc other candi-dates
opposing this question, and thrce of
them residing in the east end of the county
where all the people were opposed to it, en-abled
him to get two hundred and twenty-eight
votes, just one-third of tho whole vote
given in the county, arid, of this number, he
gave one himself, though, he of course denies
it, but the scrawls prove it to be so. At one
precinct where he got a large majority, there
was but one box prepared and used to re-ceive
the tickets for both elections, Senate
and Commons. At another precinct the in-spectors
returned ninety-three votes in the
Commons and but ninety-two names on the
scrawls; eighty-eight in the Senate and eigh-ty-
nine names on tho scrawls. This discrep-ancy
being discovered on the first comparing
of the polls, the Sheriff refused to make a
final decision by proclamation, knowing that
there must be an error somewhere, which
was subsequently ascertained and corrected
Four Southern Democratic Governors, name-ly
tho Govenor of Arkansas, Mississippi,
North Carolina and Georgia, have recently
submitted their Annual Messages to the Leg-islatures
of the several States named, in
which no mention is made of Federal Poli-ties.
The leading Statesmen and Journals
of tho Democratic party, South have chang-ed
or materially modified the views previ-ously
espoused and vigorously maintained
by them, as is proven by their speeches and
editorials.
In reference to their course we have noth-ing
to say, futher than to express our sur-prise
and gratiticacion. The mind of the
South has been too long kept in excitement
about profitless abstractions, answering no
purpose but that of diverting her attention
from a dcvelopemcnt of hcralmost inexhaus-tible
resources, Agricultural and Mineral,
and, consequently, of retarding her material
prosperity. We arc truly glad to perceive
a change, and that, instead of continuing so
suicidal a course, her prominent men and
journals are inaugurating a new policy,
which, if persevered in, must inevitably re-sult
in good. We are far from admiring
the principles and practices of the selfstyled
Democracy. There has been little consis-tency
in them for years, what was Democra-cy
ten years ago, is not Democracy to-day—
what little they have had that was good was
pilfered from other cotemporary parties—
and all has been foisted upon the country by
a system of wholesale corruption which
would almost make ono doubt the real prac-ticability
of a Republican form of govern-ment,
and blush for the fair fame and reputa-tion
of his country. The manly and con-servative
National ground assumed by Sena-tor
Hammond, of South Corolina, in his late
Barnwell address, is so unexpected and so
truly Statesman like, that it has hushed the
murmurs of the South and had a soothing
upon tho Republican journals North. His
acknowledgded mental capacity and politi-cal
sagacity arc of themselves sufficient to
command for him an attentive bearing.—
His well and widely known personal inter-est
in the "peculiar institution" places him
above suspicion as to his fidelity and devo-tion
to his native section and her institutions.
These considerations, added to the fact that
h<- has been the Governor, and is now the
Senator of a State which has always been
very ultra on all national questions involving
States and Southern Rights, gives more than
ordinary significance and prominence to his
opinions, and should rcaly entitle them to
respectful and deliberate attention.
The more subdued tone, if not positive
change of sentiment, manifested by Senators
Hunter, of Virginia, and Davis, of Mississip-pi,
and of the Richmond "South," and oth-er'ultra
Southern Democratic journals, afford
farther food for reflection. And, it will be
observed, this moderation is exhibited by
tho most profound, and influential intellects.
Simultanously with this public demonstra-cously
with this public demonstration on the
part of the individuals above mentioned, we
find the Governors of four Southern States,
remotely situated from each other, omitting
all allussion to Federal politics in their Mes-sages.
This is unusual. Each bestows his
whole attention to the affairs of his State ex-clusively,
and to the recommendation and
advocacy of such measures as shall promote
its advancement, materially. They are all
Democrats, it is true, and we have been op-posed,
as before stated, and is well enough
known, to the inconsistent principles and
wicked practices of the leaders of the party
with which they arc aligned. But we do not
know that that fact cuts us off from the
privilege of making favorable mention of
their course, if we deem it-us
less
Con-seryative
Unionistsjand Americans, that the
indications are so favorable—that Southern
statesman, "hanng authority," are turning
their attention to Southern progress. We
are glad to see our Governors recommending
State Aid to ft, ilrot <1 enterprises, as those of
Arkansas, Mississippi and Georgia have done,
and the recomr;,i-nlation of liberal appropri-ations
in support of a Common School sys-tem,
and the organization of a Department
of Education, w^th U Superintendent for the
State, as tho Gvvcmors of Mississippi and
Georgia have done. These are stops in tho
right direction, and cf far more importance
than the angry discussion of abstractions.—
Let us push forward in these matters—let
us be a unite! Xo<th on these questions, and
we shall soon become a united South in all
others. Let vsj build Kailroads—organize
and maintain Ccjnunon Schools—encourage
Mining and the -V tuufaetures of Wood, Iron
and Cotton, and construct ships to conduct
our own immense Commerce—set up on our
"own hook" in th\ Union—avail ourselves of
all the benefits to* be derived from that Union
and then we may feel, and really be, as inde-pendent
in, as wp could bo out of it. Wo
regard tho course] now being taker, as signifi-cant
of the inauguration of a new policy,
calculated to promote the development, and
extend the Comn'ereo of the South, and, as
Americans, we are proud to observe, record
and approve of if.
[From the js'at'onal Intelligencer.]
BOTJ3H CAROLINA.
• |
There are poinLj ill tho Message of Gov-ernor
Allston, offeouth Carolina, to the Le-gislature
of the "liati, which deserve a fuller
notice than the bjief reference in our last is-sue.
It argues w| 11 for tho future peace aud
harmony of the ijniot) to find the Executives
of the Southern SrtalpG giving less of their
attention than l;>i>„ofore to the exciting
topics of nationalpolitics. Gov. Allston has
followod the gocdj example: yet, whilst he
directs the alter t-mj Dt the Legislature prin-cipally
to growii g interests of Ids own State,
he avails himself of she occasion suggested
by the resolution sjof peveral of the New Eng-land
States on the subject of slavery to sub-mit
some practit oi reflections for the consid-eration
of tho p< obld if his own State. He
does not eonsiderjthat these resolutions mer-it
a response; buff, ii, connextion, therewith,
he brings to min 1; a custom which he thinks
deserves special cbnaideration. Ho says :
"Therearesouthern men of wealth, doubt-less,
who expend qioet of their surplus profits
in Northern invefc jmonts and objects of pleas-ure.
It has been[estimated that some forty
millions of dollars; of Southern income have
been disbursed in;i single year north of the
Potomac. A just ieg^ird to our own interests
would seem to reer&ire that our surplus income
be laid out in Southern securities, in improv-ing
the homesteau, reclaiming and draining
waste lands, culii/atj'ig grounds, and push-ing
railways Ea:-t'aif.l West, between the At-lantic
and Mississippi, and still westward to
the Pacific!. Three millions of surplus profits
invested in an aqijedact fromtheriver Santee
to Charleston, alp'ig the lino of the North-eastern
railroad,•wpuld go far to protect the
commercial emporium of the State from the
fearful pestilence ;vhjc!i too often infects her
streets. When tlws forty millions of money
is added to the spijll larger sum, that of the
greater portion ofjihe Federal revenues, un-der
the ordinary operation of the Govern-ment,
one main (tfuso of the thrift and prom-ise
of Northern eit.ie<;, villages, and country
is made manifest/!
The Governor ooes not object to the wide
spread benefits oi mutual intercourse, and
the perpetual interchange of good offices be-tween
the people of every section of the
country, but the unequal intercourse he con-siders
noticeable, and wisely urges—
" The people tojOOntribute what they can,
collectively and individually, towards the
power of the State by its improvement in
knowledge, in agriculture, and the useful
arts; in internal < 'nimerce with the West,
by railway and pi, I lie roads, as well as fos-tering
a direct export a nd import trado.—
Above all, (he sayul) let us cultivate those
moral virtues, those industriousand domestic
habits which rcnc$:r our beloved State an
agreeable and happy home to her people, and
these more independent, at the same time
that all her Fcderf 1 obligations arc scrupul-ously
observed." :
This good advice, given in a temperate and
proper spirit, musf have a far belter effect
than angry retortpr Litter denunciation.
Governor Allstcji favors Mr. Boyeo's free-tradc
policy, and fflrges that " there can be
no excuse based nfcbn the exigencies oi' Gov-ernment
for even paisingthescaleof imposts,
so long as the States hold on deposit a large-sum
of money at 'lie credit of tho United
States Treasury."-
In noticing the Vailroad improvements of
the State, three ofiwhich promise important
results when completed, the Governor states
that " the capital ^hus invested in South Car-olina
may be put, [down at 118,000,000, of
which sum the Stale holds shares amounting
to $2,342,300, andltlBS extent of railway i"
working order at), in-; hundred miles." The
effect of these improvements upon the pros-perity
of the State,i( thus described :
" The change wLicJi is going on in the re-gion
through whic.i ij, passes, must bo wit-nessed
to bo realized.; Indeed, it is not suffi-ciently
realized by. die inhabitants of the vi-cinage
generally, bj&t the loss to them would
be most sadly realised should the work, by
any possibility, bejstopped. I cannot bring
myself to think of'such a possibility to a
work in which thefpride of theState, as well
as its welfare and inc. inestimable value of a
closer and more di ■ ;cjt association with our
neighbors of Tennc s4e, Kentucky, Alabama,
and Mississippi, is ;i».iicerned. So important
do I hold this intei|-0!nmunication to us that
I believe it will bcf.hb policy of the State, as
scon as the route . , [he Rabun Gap is com-pleted
and in full o (Olation, to lend her means,
with the skill and -nergy of her engineers, to
pushing forward another route of travel to
Eastern Tennessee by cither the Greenville
or the Spartanburg road. Bonds forthe last
instalment of the Sta-to subscription to the
Blue Ridge railroad <if 8200,000 were signed
by mo on tho 25th • f October last."
The militia syste -ids referred to bri
and the importance oi' kee
mill
and encouragement amongst farmers by
means of agricultural societies is properly
noticed by the Governor, who things great
'benefit has resulted from the stimulus of ag-ricultural
exhibitions.
Upon the subject of finance and banking
the Governor is brief. Ho states the per-manent
debt ofthe State at 84,444,105. This
includes 81,510,420 of the United States sur-plus
revenue on deposit. Ho declines sug-gestions
of his own on the subject of bank-ing,
further than to ask for tho repeal of the
usury Laws, and to recommend stability and
as little legislation as possible. The great
security to the community, ho thinks, for
tho faithful management of a bank is to be
found in the character of the persons by
whom it is administered.
The subject of education receives proper
attention from the Governor: and the public
school system, as exemplified in Charleston,
is commended. The South Carolina College,
tho military schools, the deaf and dumb
schools, and the Lunatic asylum are mention-ed
briefly, but with due appreciation and in-terest
; and tho importance of education for
all the peopfe is thus happily enforced : '
" The time will never come when it can be
considered a matter of indifferenco how pub-lic
education is conducted. Nor is it neces-sary
to enlarge hero on its importance: for
it must be said, to the honor of tho country,
that opposition to education finds no sup-port
amongour people, even they who have
missed theopportunities ofacquiring it them-selves
aro laudably bent not only on secur-ing
its benefits to'lhcir children, but on pro-moting
the general diffusion of it. .There is
nothing which contributes so much to tho el-evation
OfthekAmerican character, nothing
which proves to strangers tthe superiority
claimed for our progressive and growing
country, as the unanimity with which the
cause of education is every whore embraced
by all descriptions of our pcopie. Therefore
any inceutivo to the support of education
may well be spared. But it is important
that its true ends should be often {presented
to the public eye; for, as free Government is
the great glory of the human race, tho edu-cation
of the people is the appropriate means
of raising mankind to the proper rank of
freemen ; but to educate the people implies
a system that comprehends tho whole socie-ty."
_^
MASTER AND SIJAVE.
The following editorial views on tho rela-tion
of master and slave, were presented by
us to our readers two years, ago. We have
been requested by several influential gentle-men
residing in this District, and who are
large slaveholders, to re-produce them, in
the hope of bringing about at least some of
the necessary reforms.
While defending our peculiar institution
from tho assaults of fanatics at the North,
wo aro in danger of allowing evils to grow
up among ourselves from mere neglect, which
may, in tho end, be more destructive than
any efforts of our professed enemies.
There arc none among us who propose to i
act with a view to the ultimate emancipation
of tho negro race. All experience has shown
that the black and white races cannot live
together upon the samo soil, on terms of
equality. The black man must be the 6lave
of the white man, whatever relation the
laws may establish for them. He mustaither
be controlled and provided for by a master,
who has a property in his labor, or bo op-pressed
and abused under the name of free-dom,
by the unprincipled and selfish, who
have no interest in his welfare. The more
entirely tho slave is dependent upon his
master, the more closely the interests of the
two are linked together—tho better it is for
both. The slave should be made to feel that
his welfare is involved in his master's prop-erty,
and that it is his true interest to serve
him honestly and faithfully. The most faitn-ful,
and at the same timo the happiest ser-vants,
are those who feel that they havo u
property in all that belongs to their master.
His goods, his family, his reputation, are in
a certain sense theirs, to be kept and watched
over with unwavering faithfulness. We
havoamong us many interesting examples
of this kind, but we fear that the number is
decreasing. The faithful old servants who
clung with suchunwavering devotion to the
fortunes ofthe families to which they belong-ed,
rejoicing in their prosperity, suffering
willingly in their reverses, proud of their
good qualities and ashamed of their vices,
are passing away from among us, and their
places are supplied by sullen, moody, eye-servants,
ever anxious to complete their task
that their time may be spent in amusement,
or in procuring the means of vicious indul-gences.
Theservant comes to think his own
interests arc different from his master's.—
His mind rebels againt salutary control.—
He claims a right to a certain degree of free-dom.
He is, in fact, partly emancipated,
and on that account feels his bondage the
more. We are in the habit of attributing
this change in tho character of servants to
the efforts of abolitionists to make them dis-contented
with their condition ; but it would
be well to enquire whether there aro not oth-er
causes, nearer home, which will account
for this deterioration.
Some of these causes wc shall endeavor to
point out. And ono of these is, the hiring
out of negroes. Tho hireling loses his inter-est
in his master's welfare, for ho sees him
but seldom, and few kind offices are perform-ed
between them. He has little interest in
him for whom he labors, it may bo only for
a single year. He has no motive for labor
but to please his employer for the time being,
or to escape from the punishment which his
indolence and unfaithfulIness 'might bring
upon him. He soon learns the measure ol
his employer's forbearance, and conducts his
labor accordingly. Hirelings are proverbial-ly
the worst servants, and especially fthose
who arc in the habit of changing their pla-ces
from year to year. Vet there seems to
be a necessity for hiring out slaves. They
may be the property of minors, and it may
be better even for the slaves to ho hired out
for a few years, than to be sold out of the
family in which they have been raised. A
master may for the time have more laborers
than he can well employ, and itJ
tor that they shoul '
tainei
•custom ui luring out, o\ uiu SIII-
>uld be abandoned. Tho Iciigcr
emains with lu\ employer} th*
he becomes, for thejdeepor *iter-
But if slaves must of nccesity be jnired
out, it shduld bo done under proper regula-tions.
The of hiring out by tho/ sin-gle
year should
a servant re
more useful
osIs he takes in his affairs. If, the servant
felt that he was settled for a term of yj«ai -•,
or at least that a change was not to he \\a>\a
at tho end of the year, he would be Itora
anxious to please his employer. He vfotild
not be looking forward to tho end o* iho
year, under every little vexation, or imWiti-ed
hard treatment, and resolving to lieW as
little value as possible till the connlxiiti
could lie dissolved. On tho other hancj thi«
employer would take more pains in tht| di-i-cipuhe
and instruction ofthe servant, dll he*
feel assured of his services for a longer ii"«».
Under the present system hefeelsas thck.crut
Of service draws near to a close, that tlj IV-sults
of discipline will not pay lor the rou-ble
of it Everything goes at loose nda,
and the slave forms habits which rendei hint
less and loss valuable every year.
Another bad practice conneeted with this
is tho allowing of slaves to choose for t inu-selvcs
their places of service. Nagroa are
like children, fund of change. They 1 now
not when they are well treated, am are
likely to choose homes where they link
there will bo the loast restraint. The Ii eriv
of choice often keeps them in a state o dis-content
through tho whole year, forthey rary
soon make up their minds that at tho >IoM
of it they will seek another home. The
employer, If he has obtained a eanabh scr-vant,
and is desirous of retaining bin re-mits
discipline and grants indulgences X-* tin
inducement for tho servant to remain with
Dim—and the slave is ruined. i
In the competition for good and QS'iaMe
servants it is not uncommon for employer*
to agree to pay them a Stipulated sum, *r to
allow a eortair. portion of their time i I be
spent as they please; thus paying Ulster
and slave, in order to secure the servii ■. of
tho latter. Tho consequence is, thai tha
slave rapidly deteriorates. Ho is alljwe.l
tofoelthathehnsaproperty in his own I ibor,
and he reasons, that if a part is aooordV I »••
him. he has a right to tho whole, ai 1 be
renders his services grudgingly, ludulj cnee
renders him in subordinate ami vicious, per-haps
a drunkard, and the master and en iloy-or
aro both losors.
Masters and thrso who have tho chai n "1
slaves to be hired out have an imporlaik du-ty
to perform. It is their duty to seeftbat
their slaves are well fed ana clothed* not
over-worked, not exposed in bad we.* l.er,
and properly cared for in sickness. • Bui
they cannotsccurethis by listening toafl the
complaints of the slaves, and allowing JJtom
to choose their own places. They mnsfigivs
their personal attention to tho business! and
when convinced that servants aro properly
treated should insist upon their remaining
where they were. Tho employer shoali be
assured when h'o hires a slave that he |- hall
continue in his service as long as In
h m or as long as the slave is to bo hire
There will then be motives tor the re
cal duties of master and servant, and
may bo benefitted by tho connexion.
is now the employer is but half a inn 1.-
the slave is half free—the very worst ijnidi
tion that each can bein, for faithful M ii rii ••
on the one hand, and efficient discipliii on
the other, J
But of all practices connected
hiringout
solves. TI
latcd sum for the year, which if tho |>lav«
pays ho may dispose of his time as lu-es.
It is in fact emancipating him fo>
year lor a given price. The result in a
jority of cases is, that the slave detoric hates
in morals, in habits and in health. lb*
spends as little as possibly upon bis foo and
clothing that he may save money to C3 |ieml
upon his vices, or pass a portion of his time
in idleness. In a few years he beoomoi idle,
intemperate, discontented and iiisiibord nate.
He comes to look upon his master's nter-csts
as at.'igonistic to his own, and M snhj
the money which he pays to him as so inch
taken from him by gross injustice—wb le at
the same time he exerts an evil influence ipon
all the slaves with whom he associates. Mo
one has a right thus to indulge his slavi <, for
he damages his own property, while h de-stroys
the character and happiness < ' his
slave, and docs great injury to the 00 ina-nity.
There should be laws to put a stop tofsin Ii
dangerous practices, and if they were evaded,
public opinion should put them down *s ef-fectively
as it does unmasked Rbolitionifm—
Norfolk Argus.
Wits
out
pro-both
im it
and
'> I
with the
L ofslaves, tho worst is to hire ficm-fliat
is, to demand of them a i tipu-i
a*.
the)
ma-
Alleged Understanding Between Dofglas
and Brcckonridgo.
OeuetU says that they is:
i of late that the Charles
The Cincinnati
prevailing opinion
ton nomination lies between Vlco-Proajdeiit
Breekenridge and Senator Douglas. »Tho
Chicago Democrat has tho following remark*
pertinent to this subject:
"Judge Douglas is doing all in his j
to suppress any outbreak in his favor
candidate tor the Presidency, in this .'
but be is evidently pleased with sue!
breaks in other States. lie is bold in ■
that the South is entitled to the next
dency, and that it will insist upon it.
particularly severe upon Cobb, SlidcUj ami
other Southern candidates, except Wisej and
Breekenridge. But he thinks the divisions
in Virginia, between Wise and Uunteri ami
liio general unpopularity of Wise is* the
Free States, owing to his Impulsiveness] will
prevent his nomination. He argues all tbe
time in favor of Breekenridge to Ix; niicom-milted.
i
"There was no doubt a perfect trader-
Stan
i wvr
.i~ a
Btoj
out-ring
rest*
c in
" ft tho Charleston Convention sLkrald
come off to morrow, the vote of the j I
from this State would bo cast for Johii t_\
Breekenridge. This is the way Judge 11 ui:
las is playing his game new; but, it nia<|
in hopes "that by playing into the "
the South at fir