The Greensborough patriot [February 3, 1855]

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VOL. X GIIEEXSBOROUGH, N.C., FEBRUARY 3, 1855. XO. 817.
i ■ - win*
them in tlii.s connexion fur the Bake of illustra-tinii.
According to llie present rate of taxation, a
lawyer or physician, withan income of two thou*
and dollars, pays an annual Suite tax of nine dol-mdtZ.
QO offer twelv* Ian on hie income, while a wealth; pi inter of the
,.r.,|i|SllF.H WKEKl.t
BY M S. SHERWOOD.
..;-: S'j a year, !si advance);
REMARKS OP MR. GORRELI.,
OF Ol'lLFOHD,
/Ji llir. IIm*r of {Summon*—tridajf, Jin. 12, '">">;
Li rel'ttioH to tin: French Broad Rail Road
Bill.
• tlwt Message. I read kitions of our Constitution on equitable and fair
pi-inciplea, if w« put it iu the power of bare leg-n
In-1 •
la:
,,,,-,,, ft. ,i dale of tubitriplion.
Rule* «J Advertising.
.-.. (fifteen lines) for the fi»»t
State with forty-tiv
on
black polls at twenty cents
tirely done away, an 1 we need never look to that particularly W"ll ruuicuil*
quarter for much assistance in our important a tutor! extract :
work Hut we are told here that we must so for " W hither a majority of the people are discoii- : i.-Litive uujorilies to upset them all, then indeed
free trade—that it i-> vain to attempt lo force trad'; tented With the Constitution ox U M, and there- I have We toiled iu vain.
in uiiiiatiir.il channels. I, sir, might be disposed fin* reallj desire to alter, it In any or all of these j He was not only surprised, but filled with frtir-to
listen to this doctrine If we could rmitta have iinporteiil respects, 1 e nuot undertake to say; ful apprehensions. It appears as if this body
MK.SPSAK.KB: I have listened for some time free trade. Hut when the doctrine is to lnve though that is the question which in ui\ judge- j *ere gainy rashly tram one eatiaaaa" to another.
ffiriilty hat been experienced in calling
• nd our Constitution, wo are
a perpetually changing Con-
■»••<"
11.11e
its for every week :here-tavor
ot standingadver
i the boll, Bin just nine dollars on that proper- to this debate with a grant dad of interest and free trade to run every thing out of ourown State, ment ought to be settled and ascertained antcee-. Because diffi. ulty h
no little anxiety. Mv inolination leads me to and wlmn we want to ran trade into it—it is then aunt to any Lywafiet tnarlmeuh for altering ■ a Convention to an
What has been said in relation to lat.d and vote for this bill; mv judgment tells me I should not free. I cannot go for it. A large r irtion of the organic law of the State A certain mode of j determined to bav<
ives, form* an inconsiderable part of the argu- Vote against it. I "shall part company in the Western \ lrginia is nearer to our Atl.ii.t-e purls determining the point WonM be to paw a law at. sUtulion.
ent in favor of the taxation. Land is the fixed vote which I expect td give with many esteemed than to her own by her radroads ; suppose we once for taking the sense ol the Vutora upon the | « bat is the prop
nital „f the State—the -real immovable and friends on wno,e patriotism 1 much relv, in should asl: her to permit us t» run a ran d into the question of rfcfsye or nnrAoajw. left will then Bepurt.' Ihattw.,
nponnon rceonmended iu the
1 hat two «acceeaing Legislatures, by a
■ —-
i
ii. M
■
.IIIII mlrif, |X.J.».
• iff Finance hav«
sei ■• i".il 111 liters
, .-. h\ law 't is the:
,..• i n>t rue tei
ii, ; .i rtvin-j rop'irt :
,i ol iIn State at present s
:i be iiieurrci
I, , : living of
- inn
►I* til , iri-.iwiu ■ ol money in lieu thereot, .. .. •" , , ,
.„■■' ,. i , i, i State pays an amount ol revenue equal to two-itcil
HI i n t. •- uilliions ti.ur Uumlreu ,.,'•. , ■ . . ..
. , i • . ,i thirds of the tax upon wir immense real estate.
in i -;. hundred and sixty-three
. ijfu ,•,-■,!-. . SA,liO.ici.i .Vi. i
i . ,,, |hi.> -uni the annual interests to be paid
border counties af this Slate, to the town of i West,so as to Ofoss at Swanaaoa bap, or agre
Charlotte. Why did I give that vote 1 Because
Tim Committee are of opinion that this source the road will run through a rich and pr.xlue-|—"i either of these events,
of revenue may be made yet i -e productive by ' the tier of country, the tn.de of which lias j charter-of this road,and v..t(
sfrnm heretofore grnie to South Carolina, and which j If tho State is not disposed to open U3 an outlet
Because | '" extend to the State line by the Watauga route, ! sembly to iiiduce them to eal
» ■• Ii shall . »_ »t_ I the roiist.'in.'i'iHiil majority.
for it
go for the
cheerfully.
l.US '
levying a la
■ , i subioctui" to the tax now imposed, all su
..., I.,, ,..■,. .! in i i.n.r t i ii.i.-an. 1 ,. five liiliiure, il one•.hundrred. d.ol,,lars upwardi : andiilevym
,llars and emlil.v one i-euis, dividends and profits, from six dol-ailiouiil
wlneli CM ecus the , , „ , . ,' ...
l.u..ll- Mlml. l,iv s.nll-lals, lars niIiward. l-romthis. change• ini thi e iprresent.
led lor, ol
-_nl.:,;'.i -l An
ie\eiiue | aid into il
IVoiii all i he ■ '. ' : -
il ; -I' "i i.per.ile-.
In i . ioll 1 ' Mi I II
ll:|-|\l • 'i 111'' HI
II.ill.
I.I vat loll on
Slllll
which our
iiaid in by sheriffs,
from certain stocks
maili in h :i> tin-by
means of ihat rood will be directed to our own
town of Wilmington, a place that I desire to see
fostered with all the maternal care of the State—
a plan- of intelligent, spirited enterprise, a place
which for the hist twenty years has been '-always
advancing, always combatting, and always victori-ous."
Because the trade thus diverted from
system of revenue, an increase is
ten thousand dollars per annum.
Cider a proper assessment of land, with twelve
cents on the one hundred dollars valuation there- •
my be realised Smith Carolina will contribute to build up our i it is ready to be put upon its passage. ■
then move to lay it on the table, till tin
for our brethren beyond the iu mntains and make
a passage for them to the .sea over our own soil, 1
shall iiol by my vote deny theai access to the ocean
in every way which they may choose to construct
for themselves.—1 shall, therefore, Mr. Speaker,
wait till this bill is perfected by all the amend-ments
which its friends desire to make, and until
.1', it is estimated that an amount n
I Upon tlli" (ieneial As-a
Convention by
And what is that '
• Two thirds of all the members of each house of
the General Assembly." I read also the resolu-tions
of the Whig Conventions, held in 1850,
I Soli, and I*.")-!, ou this Convention question.
In iiuic of them, however, is one word said/(<««-•
it'./* to Free Suffiugc :
1 <>0.
flAwws, a large number of the people of the
State, without distinction of political party, have
indicated a wish to have the State Coutitution
government than this brief maxim, let the major-ity
povcra, what, becomes of all our checks en
majorities ': Why have txin branches in our I<C(;-
iahture J Why judicial establishments 1 Why
trial by Jury ''. if we are to adopt this unfetter-ed
principle, why any of these establishments?
lie would rather live under the most despotic
government on earth, than under an unlimited
government of numbers. He might escape the
notice •' of one Tyrant, but there would be no
escape from a multitude of Tyrants."
Sulisiijuently Mr. Meares proposed " as an ad-ditional
safeguard against the efforts of a bare nia-jo.
iiv to uproot the fundamental principles of the
I annually into the 1 reasnry.
■ , -i . .- named almvearc productive.
■ . ,|-|j n ol the public debt has been
i >n il. siib-eriptioti io the North Caruli-and
other productive stock,
From State bonds behinging to theTre-asuiy.
as part ol the income of IN.I-I.
quire '
I- v ! unfinished, and will re- i
i-i, ■ '. • ,.,. one million of dollars.
/ -. riptiou i- a ii. bt which pays nothing .
,,i |or ii- -iii.iiurt, and until the I toad is com-,
in II . pio\ i-ioii must
ill rest aecruina npou it.
made to the tax on inerehaiits, both lor the purpose
ol III-
' creasing the revenue, and for the sake of greater
have examined the office of the \ uniformity and fairness in the levy. The adval-r.
bis i.oil.s. vouchers and statements, 1 orcm system has been adopted, and provision is
. |»,rl ih.it they are correct The exainina- made that one-eighth of one per cent, upon the
i,. Comptroller's oihe. i- not vet finished, : capital invested shall he the tax. If the n.erean-
, .rial i. |. ..I will s.Kii. be made. r ! tile interest of the State is assumed for the sake
The committee have examined the contract of argument to be twenty-five millions of dollars,
made by tin Treasurer, with the Hank of the then the tax proposed will be &J1,250.
I!, public in the eit\ of New York, and approve This system is preferred because it operates
i hi \ lane inquired into the responsibility j equally upon every trader, whether bis capital 1»
t. and
;",S \;\\ li-J I ft*' '',;|' done and the water all collected m a
ditch. I oaii cany it where I please, if it is only Convention Mr. BlQOS
down bill. 11 is down hill all the way, iu a com- , _\ju
from Nov. 1st, L»d4,toNov.ist"lS5o. 111.00 00 n«l*"J p»h»t of view, from Charwtteto Wihning-ton.
and I think the stream of trade will BoW
down this road, when done, as naturally as water
will flow- down a canal.
Now, sir, if I should vote for the bill now un-der
consideration. I Would go directly again*'
the policy which governed me in the vote 1 gave
on the Wilmington and Charlotte bill. I should
$621,684 9-1
A total change is recommended in relation to
for Free Suflnrse bill, and insert his hill concerninga
id :
SPKAK.BR : Since the adjonnnent yester-day,
a large portion of my time boing otherwise
engaged, I have not had an opportunity to pre-pare,
as
Senator
therefore ask the indulgence of the Senate to
adopt a modern practice, and shall read to some
may be clearly ascertained and their wishes ear-ned
out in referenee to said proposed amend- crv tl,3t ,ve are allllllt ,„ Bmit the ,r of ,,,
men* of the Constitute n. .„.,!,.. ,, WM ,lllt ,|IC le_ |hc creaturl
ISJ2.
princi]
But wc are now met by the popular
the
people. It was nut the people, but the creaturea
of tho people, (hat the amendment projwscd to
Resolved, That in the opinion of this Coiiven- limit. The course proposed was not an uuusual
desired, a reply to liic argument of the t;(|11; w|,enevel. amendments are to be made to our on*
from Orange (Mr. Graham.) 1 shall gtate Constitution, they should be effected by a »"
Convention of the people elected on the basis of- incut, vi/. : Smith Carolina, Alabama, tad the U-the
House of Commons; and we are in favor of lilted States. It is to impose a check on tho
It was recognized in three Constitutions,
.. Ii he had picked up on the spur of the nio-
OXtolit from hastily prepared manuscript. submitting it t) the people to say whether such Legislature, that it may not avail itself of an inci-
If 1 understood the Senator aright, in the open- : Convention shall be called or not for the purpose dental majority to disturb the repose of the peo-go
for opening up avenues of trade into South ing of his speech he alluded to the opinion of Mr. j of.making amendments to our Constitution. pie by frequently calling then, together in Cou-
Carolina instead of cutting them off. Sir, if Jefferson as objectionable; which opinion was] , . volition. We are called on by every considcra-therc
ever was any thing, which could be look- that a new Constitution was neeessary every few _ ",'.., tew, not to sanction the principle, that a bare ma-cil-
upon as settled in North Carolina, I thought years. By implication I understood hi.a as con-1 RexXved, That we are of opinion that the peo- jority may authorise a Convention j if we do, wo
when I came here that the F.:.steru and Western domning the doctrine, when lie spoke of the recent pie of North Carolina desire a change ill the Con- s|,aj, |M. i^pwed to continual Huetuations. The
extension of the North Carolina Bail Road was attempts to change our Constitution, although in stitution of tho 8ta.se; and that this can be most people bare, it is true, the sacred ria;lit of Kcvo-
...,....., . agreed upou by both the great parties ofthe State the sequel, as I propose to-show, he goes far be- wisely and safely doue l»y»a Convention of dele- i„ti„i,_they j«.ssess the power of rising iu their
ilerthe present law. the biefa- ' ,'KI' '"'''' l''"'ti,s were i-o .ittedto this great yond the suggestions of that distinguished man. j gates elected by the people; Tberefbre, we re- might and upturning the fundamental principles
U to the public credit of the tins as a til subject of taxation, have reported a
bill to that effect.
• have been delivered to purchas- A change is made in the lax on commission
id. and a statement •>!' them hi s ' merchants. A tax is laid of five per cent, on all
whi-li it will be lolllld that the | foreign drugs, medicines and iiustruins.sciit to this
State to be sold ; and fifty dollars on all non-resi-dents
or their agents, selling or ofiering to sell
through the blue ridge at the Sirniitiiion (in/i
liir. and for what do we wish to reach the Paint
rlt on the Tennessee line, with a Railroad ?
converts, tnc p
Thomas Jefferson was for B constitutional Demo-cracy.
He was for the rights of the people, and
for such modification of Constitutions as would
' IIIHI...
;
q .-. i ,.f
!:
f laxal
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detached and piisented for
corres-pimoluds with the bonds
npll ■ion. and so stair, that
or. i-; necessary to meet the
frcasurv now suUsisting, and
arise in i!i probability, be-
\ N .1 re
. Ill
r Iu
-
• en
--
-
; t!i i \^
goods by sample ; and one hundred dollars on all
forwarding express companies.
A tax of twenty dollars oil all persona retailing
spirituous liquors, wines, or cordials, by a measure
less ilinn a galkin, is recommended.
Of the tax CM land and polls, it is proposed that
five cents on the poll and two on land be set apart
for the Lunatic Asylum, the sum now paid, \i/.;
1 j on land, aud'.Yl on the poll.
The committee recommend an increase of money
I aid oil entries of vacant land to fifteen cents, for
securities with move ofj any number of acres however large orswall
our own; nor arc there j A radical change is recommended iu another
sorted with \ imrt of our revenue system, viz: that taxes l>c
levied and collected in the same rear ; that lam's
b
.si.ni of the i icneral Assembly.
reci urse to taxation at mice, and
r.i tin |.ci.|.le that the State •• hath need of
■\ v. • i ist| all increase of
ami resort to the spec
revenue
ions but
Surely not for passengers. No person going gait the wants and condition of the people, secur-
North or South would ever leave the Tennessee ing to «// the blessings of life, liberty and pro-and
Virginia Bail Bead to pass on the North or perty The principles be taught advocated Con-
South on our North Carolina mad, unless he was stitutions which secured to utiW amiperson* the
all amatuer traveller, and desired to see the most same equality of Suffrage «s t In.; adventitious cii-eiimstaiices
surrounding a mixed or landed oliigar-cbv.
The aristocracy ol wealth in land or any
tbin« else, gives no higher qualifications for the
exercise of the elective tram hise.
The Free Suffrage bill is now under con-us
suppose that the French Broad Bail Boad is gidoratiou. The Senator from Orange proposes
completed and in full operation, and that after to strike out that bill and substitute the one
majestic mountains and the grandest scenery in
the Union. '1 hen what do we Wish to get them
for f Evidently for the trade ot Hast Tennessee,
and the intermediate country between the line of
that State and the N. C. Railroad. Now, sir, let
• ill borrowing for every purpose
.•ii - of a people e
:.:. spirit for their impiovement,
V, hal then shall be our policy?
in , lurli t from year to year and
i.t 1 me ■■<: abrind while we have
- in in purses of our own people to
I-. Id our public credit ' Justice
lit, candor to our constituents,
•. cry responsibility which
in netlt place before US—
'. Id throw upon a future
• : • can and ought to be ac-
- : committee do not hesitali
■
-• of taxation, which IS
hill hen IT it Ii submitted.
soiuvi of taxation must the revenue
shall the burden fall? What pro-
■ pay it? Clearly as it seems to the
i interest which most appreciates
ih the improvement of the State.
:,n-i to .such improvement.
npikes and plank roads are con-
* an cut. if the navigation of our
-is in.moved, if our resources, now com-
..n to ourselves arc developed by
'HI i rise, aided by si fostering yet whole-
; -x -t. II, of leuisliition, all these contribute in
]' degr.H; I,, thc value of our lands ;
lo the pi ii es of our grain and
1 in they add nothing to money at
re the rate U fixed by law"; th
hing to the value of gold or silver plate
1 silartcs and professional incomes,
■ ■: nor do they lessen iu any degree
'ieiiec mid utility ol su-h vehicles as in
law arc styled pleasure carriages,
litt. i ,:,, not propose to reduce
the itou - !.i-l named, but allude
.several vears of severe and incessant toil upon
our Western extension, after a heavy outlay of
public funds, alter having bored eight tunnels
through the blue ridge at theexpense of $8,075,-
000, tor twenty miles of road, we reach the town
if Asheville—what do We find ? That the
iroposed to submit the question to the people, but
goes DO further than to ascertain the wishes of a
majority of the people; and I sitp|»i-e in the
opinion of the gcutlomau who introduced that bill,
anxious as he may be to have a Convention, he
does not agree with the Senator that any other
majority less than the Constitution provides can
SO farther. Then is it not a new and startling
proposition, for the firtt lime introduced by the
Senator from Orange?
lie savs that not until recently had he given
to the proposed amendments any thing but a ca-sual
attention. What new light lias bunt Upon
his mind to broach a new versiou of the Coustitu
tion, that has escaped the attention of others who
has proposed ; which provides, first, to submit to hhaavvee pprreecceeddeedd hhiimm ?.' IItt mmaayy nnoott bhee hiiunnprrooboaabhlle
the ocoi.lc the question of Convention or no Con- that recent developments m the Western part ol
ven.ioii! and secondly, if a majority of the pen- the State have roused into action be .cknowl-people
decide in favor of Convention the Govern, ] edged energies of the Senator to stay the tide ot
or i-. to issue writs for the election of delegates, a . political revolution which has recently beon do-
" ! Convention is to 1 galled, and the delegates veloping mthat vjjfb* J-^i^aSB
There tea» a sensibility felt in the community;
geutlemen might call it morbid—but was that
any reasou why it should Hot be allayed, if it
could be dune without injury to the community t
It was not lo he disguised—apprehensions arc en-tertained,
that at seine future day an attempt will
be made to mlopt free white population as the
Iasis of representation. It was not in a spirit of
distrust, therefore that he advocated the amend-ment
of the gentleman from SampBon—not with
u disposition t" reproach the West, but from a de-sire
lo preserve the principles now settled from
rash ex|«:rinieiits."
" .Mr. Swain said be thought there was much
needles-solicitude wilh regard to future amend-ments
of the Constitution. If any change Wero
desired, from what quarter would it proceed?
Not from the West; for tfii.-y Would probably bo
satisfied with the compromise; but the proposi-tion
would come from the small counties of tho
Bast."
of
was
tho
the
that
10
calling
which the
of the coin
itself, paying
the State
heavy
our peopt
feel and at
If the
adopted,
lour huud
with all
looked li
sury may
Oovernm
the inventive faculty of the Senator to discover
that the Convention had done its work in such a
bungling manner; and yet the Senator'* bill is
merely a copy of the act of 1*34, except he does
not prescribe the same oath nor impose any re-striction
upon the delegates. And why not—if
it is not desirable to. change the basis—sloes ho
desire it'. I suppose tot, as he don't th'uik it is
in danger. If he believes as he HHN that tho
General Assembly can do as they did in ItSJo,