The Greensborough patriot [December 13, 1851]

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VOLUME XIII. (iRKENSBOROUGH, N.C., DECEMBER 13, 185J. WHOLE NO. 657.
PUBI.18IIED WEEKLY
BT NUAI'I AND SHERWOOD.
Price V2.HO a year:
rnjscr DOLLARS, ir SOT PAID WITHIN ONE MONTH
AFTER THE DATE OF THE SUBSCRIPTION.
"riiE PATRKJE
WHAT WILL ALWAYS HAPPEN
To a People who eonlenl Iheinsehei with stand-ing
still and crying "free trade '—gii-e us
free trade! f
[The President's Message coming ia at ihe
eleventh hour, last week. crowded out an insiruc-tive
moiety of this article, which is here finish-
«li]
There need be no poorer la ml on ihc earth ilinn
ii, Da.ur.i1l)'. much of lhai of Md«achuselW—n
■orry and nt.ngular combination of dead-looking
sand and stone ! Bui population will draw (he
food even from these.'—insure to Ihe tanner a
ready and steady demand ut his door, and lor
the foal you niny have him to the instinct and '
promptings of his own nature. He will aooJi f
find out how to increasehi» crops. Calilc-jdiowi* j
aerve him for ainiif>Jng holulava. They mnu-v |
}\\e wives and daughter', and flff (hem loo. verv '
properly, - fhMM hi ■how their ingenuity and
•kill in the hand-works of the lniUcr-ladle and the |
needle; hut the n*snr.inre of a market at hand
is the great linnet" insure niprovciHtnt, for then
the laud gels hark the refuei: of iis proitacti ;ami
ilirsc are sold without rt.inous deduction* to cover
the cost of iraiKporlatinu. Bui lm»k iicwin al ihe
course of things where a nftoplfl have hpgun to
realise tha advantage of Invmg the proilnccr SUF-n-
until il with prosperous c.nisnintrs ii<-iir it Mild.
In all North Cnrolina there are hut four towns
.iliujr-ilicr, with a population Hf.Qf atope "000,
and of these not one reaches S000< Thi-s.*
«.-e:—
l5H,:ti)i
191
4.1 IH
B6.600
Wilaiingtun I" 11
FayeUwvillr 4tU
Newbent MM
Raleigh tfU •
W hile MassaclioM'iu has six town* ri«Of li-fe')!'.;
10,000, and fourteen ahnra '2000, of which
ten are above 5000 : and thrn look at their educa-tional
statistics:—
In 1842, Massachusetts' had scholars at th
public charge
North Carolina
Whilesunahle tn rend or w rue in
Mjssachuselta,
In North Carolina,
Then look at their railro;uls:—
\orih Carolina, with an area three to one,
has '-M5 miles,
Massachusetts 700 miles,
in which, in 1848. she had invested of capital
paid in, •V5.8fi9.59l, and on which in that
year, 5,539,828 passengers were transported J
Now, Trailers, especially nuf friends of the
old Allanlic States, yotj most not hclieve that we
t,ik** any pleasure in bringing these facts before
you, but feelingly the reverse—yet you must re-minftir
what our office M—Ha\c we not |ir.»in-ised
to devote our linif and faeullies, for the rein-nant
of our lives, Irarlessly and hoBWtlv. utid,
Goil knows, with heart a* well as niinl, to la\
before \ on, as well as we ran comprehend them,
•hi! true causes of n^rirti/turnl decfi'ic and uf
agricultural prosperity f—and seeing here, that
where people who lime, hy nature, aluioM no la-eihlies
for it, betake III-'IIIM-II-C* to ihe mimilac-une
ot Voor raw K8lr>ria|a, sending ih.'iii ! ack 10
ynu a(Vr d«lue*tiiif all die proflia of inarMiiac-nires.—
seeing, 1 sav,these people who, like win,
urn- fiiniicrly siickhr* for fire trade, now di-
* t r»if> ing their labor, mid oi en \ ear, ioenwaiiij
the number of eonstiuiers in pr< por'ion to prullo*
MM, their land at/ t'lC wiiilr hrrouting enriched
and enhanced in vidue ; phnilM wc mil be re-
••leant to our own duly, and liuiinliaicil in our
hwil psiecm. if »<- tadi il to warn you lo t.tke thi» I
que#Ti0D of ihe div.-lnpineni of %.MII own rwonr-v*%
ind the proti rtiou ot \ uiir iniJu»ifj out at ihe
hamla of polineal pamaana aawoffitwsjiibhor*! hi- ■
In tour own keeping' Mow tasv Hnildn he,
t«r it* Ml turn to the inuVx "f one of otif own old
volnin"s of *thc American farmer,1' I went)-five
<>r thirty years ago, and icll ynu from thai, how
i» "breed and latien hciga." how wrll ihey
•• thrive on pumpkin*/' how a •• Mr. IV. k mac*
one hundred and Iwnuty-fuili bushvla «l *u'rn "il
...re," and -John tfellviiffrr 110" iu I8SI,
while in 1810. tweniv-M\ an yean after, ilia Ma-frnnd
Siale Agrieul ural s t. giveaone nfita
l.ii'liesl prfniiuuis lor a llltle niori than I.all dial! '
I niii^ht reprint t»t your inspprnou the va'oabla
naprra rumuiitteil lo me l») iliat eniiotnUy wor-lAv
and d;*iinguislji d hi«-nd of ngrieidture, H.
W. Jeffrey■ oi Korth Caroliiia, in 1820. wbeie,
even mi ihe iubfeel of ;tirnip-cntlure, may be
I'nnr.d one of the \Sott papers dial has appeared
io any county at any time. I eoold ahow yon
how, twenty-eight years ago, Warner Washing-ton,
ot Virginia, made UflJ "fire buahela of « heal
to i'ie acre, hut what good would all ill it do i
what would ihere he n: it neap and profiubla or
a\:nUhle ? What we want is inaVael—eon*u-mers
eluiC by, here at homr, gruuiug up around
■;s unacrolrcQBiatancei ami neaeur** within our
own control. W ill you ihen( farmera of North
Carolina, continue to rrv •■ fne ir da "—contin-ue
to send away your prmhiee out of your own
State, io New Boglaud anil to hid England, y.ui
lo-iog the cosi ttf tfaiisportaltrto ; or will you en-force
a police lhai willeoinpil ihc maimlVciorer
of Europe, whether il he of the cloth or of iron,
to eouic io you and nium.facture (he wool and ihe
eotloa of your own Aeirft. d.e iron nf yusW own
mines, and your own million, > oni egge« ami
\tiur butler, jour potatoes mid tuinips .' lor this
roe. may rely ■"» ii is il"- trvi rood, after ell. thai
will ultimately enabl* us all tn aawoeafte free
trade. Where the hrifin and the anvil arc eloee
i.i the plough, milk letehee aa much peravHno
a« pefffertWMM la NaHh Carollen, where all are
at the plough and nobody eoennerativet) »t any
thing else. It \»u believe in theee duetrioeei
nk« hold of* and help ue along with this plough.
Il Mm don't, 'ell us ichtf i/ou don't I hut uon*t
h.- en .[i ill v» I'II "l r m end i
| us*--- f •. if nff 'II " ■■■ d n i :'i. n. ut hi i ■
. ■ ■ routed
heart of man, such sentiments have ever been in-eradicahly
fixed in oura. for the people of the
Southern States aa a people ! We have cat salt
with them, and we think we know them. We
are, tn fact, ourselves, bone of their bone and
llesh of their flesh, but lhai only makes us the
more regretfully fear that, the longer they con-tent
themselves with cr\ iug " free trade," sending
all ihe products of iheir lauds lo he sold far away
from their lands, the further will they fall b*ck
in the Wake ol other Stales iu the race of indus-try
and progressive improvement. To show that
we do not exaggerate, hear the eloquent lamenta-tions
of Judge Strnnge, himself among the most
lifted and devoied sons of ihe old North Slate,
in an address recently pronounced to the gentle**
men of the Literary Societies of Paviiison Col-lege—
an address, thai, had we the power, we
would cause to be prefixed to every school-book
MI the Slate:
" But among the educated portion of our peo-ple,
this want Of State pride is eadly conspicuous.
Its monumeiiis arc around us in in evey direc-tion.
In our U in] ii HIed forests—in our deserted
farms—in our dilapidated villages —in our </«•»
creased rrprcstntafion in the National Legisla-ture.
A large parl pfoUf products are carried
abroad lo oilier Slates. They deck ihemselies,
as ii were, iu the pluaiage of which they have
despoiled us.— We share lillle in ihe profits de-rived
from concerting our raw materials into ar-
!!"!;* of immediate use,—of sending tin m to for-eign
markets, and making those exchangee which
ol ihcneelvea alone have rendered so many na-tions,
both am it nt and modi rn, proud, prospi r~
ous, and kiipjiij. A great portion of our Icilow-cilizeua
arc enriching, with ilieir Itlenls and their
wealth, other States, and in the same degree iin-pu*.
erushing ihell own, by n change of domicil.
Yes, ihe iNorth C'arolioau uamlc.s from his Ba-llra
land, and leaves ihttSWMI lieldr of his child-hood
with scarce a le:ir of regret. Home! that
word of such macie power iifM nm-t henr's,
seems io hare with llttil an Indefinite Mgnihcaluui,
or at ieast lo know no limit bat the wide-spread
regions where ihe siars and strides of America
are seen lo wnw."
After all, the imlh la gleet I lel u« hope lhai
it will prevail. For ourselves, we will f How
whereter she nypears lo lead; even lhn gh il
should he on the bark iraek.—Fooli only believe
iheiuselies mfullilde—the) olilv are ai-haraed Iu
relraci, when coiivinced of iheir error.
Agricultural Meeting in Beaufort
County.
[The idea r.f agricultural Improvement by
means ol associations of lurimrs, is not coutiued
to individuals of our county. The annexed ac-count
of a meeting in Beaufort county will show
our farmers what their brethren ere beginning io
do elsewhere, and we trust will encourage ihcin
In eveiy good word and work :]
Pursuant to previous notice a large and respect-able
portion of ihe farmers, profei-siotial men and
others, belonging lo Heaufori and other counties,
assembled at Ihe Court House in ihe lown of'
Washington on the evening of November the
lO'h. 1851. It was ihe wcik of Beaufort Stipe-rioi
Court, ai.il much general interest was iiuni-fesod
in the meeting, and a Hue spirit prevailed,
a determination lhai something must he done,
sonic new steps taken, m improve and elevate
lira l irining intereate of North Carolina. To a-rouee
ihe farmers loe beuerappreciaiioflof itjrir
calling ami inlcnsi—Iu give s.rengih tu die Keau-lort
ro. Agricultural Socieiy, and to induce far-mer*
lo wake up their slumbering energies,
improve iheir impoverished aotla, and reclaim
their rich uncleared and uiidrau;* d lands, em-braced
the objects of ibis meeting.
On oioiuni, Benjamin Runyon, Esq..of Wash-ington,
was calhd lo ihe ('hair, and Or. Sslcfl-well,
ol New Hanover, appointed Secrelary.
Dr. John V. Tompkius, ol Bulb, nee then
called Upon. He eulei lained ih" mi-eiiog with
n reri Mosilile, etiioiient ipeeeh.—spoke at
lengihof ihe backward and unwortll} condition
ol die farming classes of Ntinh t'andioa— -bow-ed
ihc importance and iieeeaaiU ol a union of
me larmen for tha sake -f l-uming—relnred
with murtified pride lo the great want ol iniertet
taken hy the farmera u/the Stale m egriftlltural
Soemies uid Hgricultorel journals—spoke m pa-,
triotic airainaol whsl his old native Edgeeombe
waa lining in firming, hy associated i ll'orl ami a
more enlightened ryeiaoi ol farming, end appeal-ed
with much spirit and affect io ilia bmiera nf
Heaulorl. lo do likewise. His address was well
received, and gained him much applause. He
gave an inieresitng aecooul also of his observa-liona
in hit recent agricultural lour lo Marylmd,
and Ins alleudanCe upon the late agricultural fair
oflh.it Stale. This speech ol ihe Doctor, in con-
(unciiou wflh his well known practical skill aa a
hirmer, evinced vuy clearly, that if the farmers
jl the Kaelern parl ol the Stale had a few such
1 in iheir ranks, a better and brighter day would
fonn dawn upon them.
James Joyner Eaaj. was then called up, and
he lespumh d in an imposing, able and effective
speech. Henpoke wild eloipienCe of list attach-ment
which Nnrtb Uarolinane should have lor
the Stale—appealed to lhn young men lo culi-vate,
Seaiduoualy, divotcdly foster, ihe holing ol
stale pride, and lhat instead of leaving the " pa-rent
hive loswaim io ihe \ alleys ol Ihe west "
and going ill" on a wild goose chase lo hunt for
j Cahlornia gold, lei Ihem rather remain at home
iiul develop the rich mines of wealth and pros-perity,
which exiet in a large and unexplored
eataoi ia our own Slate. He alluded lo the la-mmi;.
Me u ant ofMiterCrlee anil energy among
i.nr peopla—so necessary lo develop ihe vnsl
I eomuierii.il. ngnculiurd and maimfaeuiring re-enurcea
of the Stale, aet forth in eorrowful eol-louri
'he great leihargy and backwardness ol
North t aitdma in even tiling, end depicted in
gloa/ing llraine whal whe ought lo be and can be
made, lie urged the farmers lo unite, lo read
farming papers, to explore their marl fteds so
easily transformed by aesenun Kmnang hMo gold
coin, and io avail ihemseUes of the improvi n.ents
■il ihc times. Though a lawyer, he said. wii.
bm little iperienee In rarming, his apewefi was
iieierthrlees aiirring ai I |it 'he porp#«w, -■ '
.. i eta el the ai
upon, ami apoke in his usually intereating and
forcible manner. Ho reviewed in an able man-ner,
the causes which have retarded the advance-ment
of ihe old N'orlh State, and which have
fallen with such injurious efleeta upon the agii-culiural
inieresl—adverted lo ihe deplorable de-pendence
1.1 S,null-11 it farmers, eapeeially of this
Slate, upon the North for farming implements
ami articles of subsistence, which can be as well,
and ought to be, made and raised at home,—il-lustrated
in a practical way the great value of
mailing and manuring, and allowed lhai Ihe far-mers,
as all other trades and professions are do-ing,
must organize and bring about concert of
action, if they would he true to ihemselvea aa a
claaa. His address was practical, and eloquent,
and well received.
Dr. Saichwell tin u introduced lite following
Preamble and Kecoluliun, which, on motion,
were unanimously adopted by ihe meeting:
If'hereas, There are ovu iwn hundied and
twenty thousand peraons engaged iu agricultural
pursuila in North Carolina,and \el this immense
class whieh nfTbids the life-blood of all other
trades and professions, has no especial organ in
the Stale lo explain iheir interests, make known
iheir claims, ami lo stand forth as their exponent
and represenUii.e ; and whereas, the awakening
spirit of agricultural reform and improvement,
especially in the Eastern portion of ihe Slate,
demand- the establishment and ellicienl support
of an agricultural Journal of OUT own, devoted
lo ihe farming ititureate ot the Siute, mid suited .
lo the soil and climate and wants of oui peo-
Pi. i
Therefore, /tenafvcd, I hat the proposal of
Dr. John 1\ Totnpkini lo < stuhtish an agriculttir-el
journal in Ihe loWnoTBaUl meets wiiii the,
beerti ami entire ■purubaisan of ihis meeting.
■nd thai his sterling cm rgy, talents, public spirit, '
and procUeal -',i . and experience in farming. I
leiuh r bun w i II quallfil d io conduct such a jour- j
ual. This meeting recommends him and his
enterprise to the favor and Hbeial patronage of
lite larmers slid to all u.l.cre iulensled.
V- ry appropriate remarks were ihtfh made by
S. S. Simmons, KM)., of *J*>nell, James 0.1
Marhh. Eeq>, ol lleauUtri, and oilieis, ail appro
vmg the prupoeesj journal, uud pledging them-1
■elvta lo uve their elforls in encourage this a-wakened
attention to agiiculturc.
The good clfrcis ul incelings of this kind were
very manifest. A new spirit of enquiry and in- ;
Veetigation has ..; leant been produced aiuoug the i
farmers ol llcauloit.
Probably no larger ngrieuliural meeting was ,
etes held in the Stale. The people seem lo see
ihe (unc ol the liuih ilia: they must either inoie,
Ot imprme, or starve. And when, as ihe speak-era
said, our vast resources are considered, when '
the many and great manufacturing, commercial ,
and agricultural elements ami advantages which
a bountiful creator baa every where spread pro- '
fusely around us, are borne in mind, every sug-'
gestion of policy and stale pride, all those en-dearments
and fond associations which cluster1
around that sacred word home, appeal alronglv
lo our citizens lo remain at home, and avail them- !
selves of these natural beueliis. They call upon
our young men to slop this tide ol emigration, (
now constantly draining our Slate of her vitality. I
I.CI this be done, said the speakers, let our cili- I
zene he content to remain on ihe soil of their
birth. Ul Hit in but have the wnl, and the HlduS- .
iry, and enierpnze it, make a wise use and im-provement
ol ihoSS rich treasures which nature |
every where oflefS hi ihtm.and in a few years
North Carolina would be one of the most pros-perous,
as she has a Iway■ claimed lo be one of
the moat pairto lie, nl "ihe old ihirieen."
On nn.uoii ol II. C. Jollie. [.solved that ihe
proceedings of this meeting be Mgued by the
ehaiiman am. secret n), and lli.it ihey be pub-lished
iu the Norm Blate Whig, with a request
lhai other papen m the Slate, who lake an m-lensi
in the eubjecl, wouhl cop).
On motion ihe ihanksuflha meeting were ten-ilcnd
ihe chairman and eeoreUry fur the laiihlul
discharge of their duties.
On in.-non ihe meeting adinnrned.
II. SUNYON.Ch'oi
S. S S\n IIWKLI.. Ste'v,
Georgia State Road.
We copy the following interesting items in re-lation
lo ihe Cerogia Stale Railroad, from the
Millcdgville correspondence of ihe Maeon Jour-nal
and Messenger :
" The reports of the Superintendent of Trans-portion
on the State Road, for the two years, en-ding
on the 1st Oeiobcr lust, contain some facia
which cannot fail to inlereal the public, as well
aa the Legislators of the Slate, Accompanying
the reports are two tables, which show the char-acier
and quantity of products ahipped upon the |
road, and ihe relative receipts from freights and |
passengers, of which, we propose lo give a brief |
synopsis:
Death of the Poet Montgomery.
Late l.nglitfh papers contain the following an-a—
1849-60 1850-51
Halt;, of Cuitun. 23,800 28,820
Hushcts ul l 'urn, 05,612 130.079
•• of Wheat, 28,101 03,349
•' n f l'outott, I.3U0 837
•• ul I.ime, 45,030 42.777
Pounds or Bacon. 2,972.075 3.705,916
" of Lard, 314,113 336,414
" of Duller, 37.030 30,679
•• of Tallow, 4,330 10,541
•' of Feathers, 117,151 141,574
" of Marble, 204,939 239.836
*■ of liar Iron, 921.028 185,176
" of Pig Iron, 502.802 1,429,112
** of ('astings, •182,270 572,164
Barrels of Flour. 2,535 2,880
Number of Cattle, 1.109 752
" of Hogs, 15,814 10,913
The increase in certain articles of production
carried over the mad is both gratifying and en-couraging.
Il establishes ihe capacity of the coun-try
to produce, and ihe practicability of transport-ing
those productions by Railroad to distant mar-kets.
Ii serves lo indicate, too, the necessity of
making large and ample provisions for the ac-commodation
of those who are so evidently Uis- i
posed lo patronize this great Slate work. We
have here an imlicaiion of whai the business of
the road will be in future. This trade, I have
B0 doubt, would be more than doubled the pre-sent
year, if the road were in proper condition.
The duly of the Legislature, therefore, is plain.
It must either sell ihe work, or appropriate an ;
ample fund, io put il in Complete repair.
The tables referred to, also indicate ihe won- ,
derful advantage enjoyed by the road, from the j
fact that it is located in a densely populated ;
country. This is shown by the great disparity j
between the ' way and through travel" which
it tnjoys, viz:
1849-50 1850-51
22.300 28,313
20 770 25.932
5.129 0,580
38,010 47.005
43,139 54 213
nounceiuent:
"The venerable and every where esteemed Pool,
James Montgomery, is dead. He had completed
his eightieth year. On his eightieth birth-day he
planted an oak tree iu the lawn in front of the Shef-field
lutirinarv He resided at the Mount, Shef-field."
The death of this grpat and (food man surest,
to us many and nried recolleetiona. In 1791,
JAMES MONTOOAII.IV, then t.lrlpl|aj| of some 19
years of age, became an operative in the printing
establishment, and an inniale of ihe family, of the
Grandfather ol the Editor of this paper—the Lie
JoaEPH GALES ; who then conducted Ihe "Shef-field
Register," a newspaper nf unparalleled cir-culation
al that day. Pending the political agi-tations
of the close of the last century, in England
—one of the results of whieh was to drive the
original founder of ihis paper, a victim to a bigo-ted
censorship of Ihe press, lo America, Io avoid
the oppressions ofa tyrannical government—and,
inilci-d. up to the period of his deaih, an intimate |
and cordial friendship subsisted between Mont-gomery
and himself. It was lo that amiable and
gifteil Poet, that the high-minded and virtuous
GERALD, then (1791) under orders for llotany
Hay, .peaking with reference lo the flight of Mr.
lij.es, and the causes that had led tn il, remark-ed
: " Whoever serves the Public trrveu an un-grateful
matter. I rejoice thai he is beyond the
iron arm of arbitrary power.'-
A hundred incident*, illustrative nf the manv
virtues of James Montgomery, are in our posses-1
sion—but so interwoven with aflairs ofa person-
■I or ralhef family nature, as to render any pub-lication
of them here unbecoming and improper.
lie was, in the truest and best acceptation of that
term, a good man. Nor only so. Few p<iet« of'
the day have more successfully or liir belter pur-poses
employed the gifts of Ihe " sacred Muse." .
A peculiar delicacy and chasten' ss ot imagina-tion,
a sweet and melodious versification, and, a-bove
all, an elevated and moral tore of sentiment, '■
have characterized all Ins productions, and enli-;
tie him to a prominent place on t!,c roll of Kng-
IIPII bards.
11 This be the Poet's praise.
That'he hath ever been ot' Liberty,
The -I'M i..1-1 Inend ; ofJustice wid of Truth
Firmc.-t supporter; of high thoughts,
And all true beauty of live inner world,
Creator." I
liihtph Hegistti. j
Celerity of the Flying Artillery.
The St. Louis Republican, noticing . drill of
Col. Bragg'a battery of flying artillery .1 J.rT.r-son
Barracks, says:
•• W. are not familiar enough with military
terms to attempt a description of the variou..*o>
lulinna, but aouie idea may be formed of the .-a.
pitlilr with which they ar. executed, by th.
time occupied, as noted by aeveral g.nlleinen
Tli. company came down lb. parade nt full
speed, halted, formed in battery, unluuliered,
and fired aeveral round,. The order was given
to lake the whole to pieces. The «nn.m wet.
taken off the carriages, the wheels off the ail.,,
ihe sw.hs and every thing pertaining to ilieguns
seatiered over Ihe field in apparent confusion.—
Th. c.nnouiers .at down upon Ihe prostrate
wheel, and mils, and the horscnuo were .11
ili.inouni.il. The whole of thi, movement,
from the command lo hall lo tl.c dismounting of
the gun carriages, occupied two minutes and flat
second*.
"Again Ihe word nf command was given, the
wheels were replaced on Ihe carriages, the guns
mourned, every thing in its place, the hones at,
tached, and re-formed in battery, and fired io
fifty-two ttcondt. The maddening speed with
»Inch Ihey drive, no matter how uneven or dan-
L' r.uis the ground, Ihe quickness whh which
they hall, the rapiilily with which Ihe horses
wheel io iheir positions, the celerity and regu-larity
with which every pcreon connected with
die guns performs his special duly, cannot be
described.
" Such is the perfection of ihe gune and car-riages,
that if any ihing breaks, or ia destroyed
by an enemy, il can be al onco supplied. Tn.y
even carry extra wheels, and every pan of a gun
is the counterpart n( any oilier in the battery.
"In these manoeuvre* the horse* pariake
in the rider'* eiciieiuent. Wiili distended nos-tril,
and glowing eyes, ihey furiously ru.h on.
In.i so, .II learn the word of command, and seem
tu understand what is required of them."
Up Passengers,
Down Passenger,
Through Passengers
Way Passengers,
Total, Passengerj,
It will be seen, that while the number of way
passenger* has menaaed 9,055, the number of
through paaseogers has increased only 1.-I5I.
This was also the case, lo some extent, during
the lasl year in regard to Ireighn, as appears
from the following statement:
1849-50
* 70,798.01
45,555,75
5J\0U7.27
02,44 1.00
110.351,30
The total raoeipfl from all sources in 1819-'50. i
amounted to * 198,504.38. and in I850-"51 to I
$285,028.44. From ihe these facts it must be I
apparent, thai if ihc mad had been properly and
economically managed, it would have been in tj
comparatively prosperous condition. The Ins-'
see, however. Irom bad nianageuicul, Irum ueg-leel,
and other causes have been immense. Itv j
one ol Ihe lable*. it apperrs lhai Ihe cost of re-pain
on the ilnileen ICngines employed on ihe
road ihe last year amounted lo £9,117.30, or a
lild. oicr*70'l) eaeli ! Th.COMof motive pow-er
is slated al $54,139.45 , while ihe single item
of tar rent alone is given al #21,313,25."
lip Freight,
Down Freight,
Through Freight,
Way Freights.
Total, Fieigbls,
I850-"51
$90,157.58
74.671,91
78,478,93
92.052.50
171.131,59
The Mississippi and its Tributaries.
The St. I..mis ('hristian Advocate contains an
inlerealingariiele on the " Topography and Hy- !
drology " of the Mississippi valley, accompanied I
by a table exhibiting the Mississippi and its nu- i
merous tributaries. The author was unable lo I
ascertain precisely the distance to which each
■Mam was navigable ; bul he has satisfied 'MIII- |
sell that the aggregate exceeds twenty thousand t
miles. From this fact, some idea may be form-ed
ol the vast influence which this stream antl
its tributaries are to exert upon ihc commerce
and industry of the North American continent. I
It will be seen from the recapitulation, which ,
ue subjoin, that the total length ol "the Great}
Kiver" with all iu parts, is 51.090 miles. What!
other country under heaven can boast of such a ;
stream I
RixariTtLATioN.
Rivers
Missisioppi ami tributaries, not including
those ■ iveu below—uggregatc length,
lied, and all tributaries—aggregate length,
Arkansas,
White,
Ohio,
Missouri,
lllll.oi-,
WMQOD*in,
do
do.
do
do.
do
do
do.
do
do.
do.
Miles.
14,385
4,125
5.5 III
1,650
10.730
IJ.IT0
1.270
07 ••
New Purchase; for Liberia.
The New Jersey tJolonization Socieiy ha.
made u new a.d valuable perchaseofland in Af-rica
fnr colonization purposes, [i lie* beyond
the previous bounds of the colony interior, in a
north-easterly direction from Cape Mesurado,
between the St. John's and St. Paul's Rivers, and
contains about two hundred and fifty aquaro
miles, or 160.000 acres. Its nearest point ia .-
boul Iweniy miles from the coast. It is repre-sented
at having a beautilul elevation, and abun-dance
of sweet, cool water, in running brook*
from I'O- mountain*, over while pebbly bottoms,
excellent timbered forests, a plenty of brick clay,
and, what is more nntea/onhv, a good supply of
granite bionc suitable for building purposes.—
Some of the brooks have elevated banks from
five to sixty feel high, and offer excellent mill
sites. The whole tract was purchased of the
natives for a small sum, and what i* specially
gratifying is, that a strong desire was expressed
by the native kings and their people to have the
colony established within their borders, that they
might enjoy the protection and advantages ol in-struction
which il would nffard them. The sue
of a lown had been selected, and twentv-five fam-ilies
of old settlers had volunteered lo commence
ih. settlement.
[We regards successful settlement in the heal-thy
interior ol Africa aa an era in the history of
Alrican colonization only second in importance
in ihe firs', settlement on Cape Mcsurado.J
Mississippi, with ail its inlets,
Outlet* or bayous (in all)
Touil length of "The Great River,"
at parts,
■th all ■
50.545 I
'455
I'll siitenk" P I •> ■ Hi
The EftectsofFear.
The following i- quoted Irom ihc llosion Mid-icnlei
Suflicsl Journal, a periodical iu which wi
should not look for * petlliotM narrative, yol the
siory is wonderful;
•■ A young man. lit en!)-three years oid, came
from ihe mine* lo San Francisco with the inten-tion
of soon liaving Hie tatter place for home.— I
On the evening of his arrival, he wuh his com-panions,
v isiit'd ihe larnbliag .aloon.. Afiert
watching for a time the varied lortunes ofa table
supposed to'bc undergoing the process of • lapp-,
ing,' from the coininiiid success of ihose helling
i.gainst the bank the excitement overthrew his
heller judgment, and he threw upon the ••even
spot' ofa new deal a bag which he Saul contain-ed
$1100, Ins all—the result of two years' pri-vation
and bard labor—exclaiming, with a voice I
trembling from inicnse excitemen:, • My home or
ihe mines.' As ihe dealer slowly resumed ihe
drawing of Ins cards, with' his countenance litid
from liar of the inevitable fate thai seems eie.
aiunilani upon ihc lapping process when coin-uiiineil,
I turned my eves upon ihe young man
who had staked his whole gains upon a card i
and never shall forget the impression made hy
his look of intense anxiety, as he watched the
cards as liiev Ull from ihc dealer's hands. All
the energies of his system seemed concentrated
in the fiseo gaze of his ejea while the deadly
pallor of his lace bespoke the subdurd action of
Ins bean.—All around seemed infected wuh the
i sympathetic pO*«M of the .pell—even ihe hllh-ie'rio
successiul winners lorgoi iheir own slakes
in the hazardous ehanee place upon the iasuc ot
I ihe bet. The cards are slowly lold w nil ihe pre-cision
of high-wroiighi cxeiinnsni. The seven
spot wins. The spell is broken—reaction takes
place. The winner exclaims, wllh a deep drawn
sigh, • I will never gamble again,' and wa* ear-ned
Irom ihe room in a deep swoon, from which
he did not fall, recur unnl ihe nexl raoniing,
and ibcn lo know lhai die equivalent surrender-ed
I.II lo- gain w.t th. color of his hair, now
. r. inj*d io a pern el white."
S .i ■ Wei - ■ - I '•
. .. i"i.
Original Letter of Daniel Boone.
from the Piiuik/ort (Ky.) Comnioiiueiilth.
We arc indebted lo ihe Rev. J. N. Norton, ol
this city, for ihe priv ilege of examining an origi-nal
autograph letter from Daniel Uoone 10 Gov-erner
Shelby, which Mr. N. obtained from a
friend al Danville. We subjoin a copy of il,
spelled, capitalized, and punctuated according lo
the original, and doubt not that our reader. Will
regard it, with us. as an interesting relic of ill.
early days of Ihe State in which il was written.
The handwriting is very good, showing ease and
even grace in handling MM pen. The spelling is
quite defective ; but that ia I small matter iu re-gard
io one who was the pioneer in winning the
rich domain of Kentucky from savage hands.
Here is the literal copy :
•■ feburey the llth 1790.
"Sir
"after my Best Ki-spl. to your lixcellan-cy
and famyly 1 wish to iulorm you that 1 have
sum intention of undertaking tin. New Rhode
lhai n lo be Cut through the Wlhlcrnese and I
think My Self inllleledlo ihe olerof ihe Dimness
as I lirsi Marked out that Rod* in .March 1775
and never He'd any thing lor my Irubel and Se-pose
1 am No Statesman I am a Woodsman and
think My Self as vjapa'ile of .Marking and Cut-ting
that Rode as any other man Sir if you think
with Me 1 would thank you lo wrighl nice a Line
By the post ihe lirsl opportunity and he Will
Lodge il at Mr John Miler son hinksions fork as
1 wish to know Where uud When it i" lo he
Laal Lletj So thai I may attend al the lime I am
Dear Sir your very omble s.irvenl.
•• DANIEL BOONE.
•■ To his lixcelancy governor Shelby."
Hyde County.
On a visit to Hiih- lasl week, we had all op-portunity
lo gather some interesting tacts in rela-tion
lo the farming operations In that county.
The crops, both of corn arid wheal, were excel-lent—
hciicr perhaps than ever hclore raised in
ihe county, it is estimated hv iliosu hilly com-petent
to form an accurate opinion lhai 100,000
t||ishcls(500,000 bis.)of corn will bc*hipped Irom
ihe county, the growth of ibis year. This at
$2.50 a barrel amounts lo Ihe snug lillle sum of
a quarter of a million of dollars. One farm a-lone
(Judge DonncH's) produced ihis tear 7.0011
barrels—35,000 bushels. Though the lands in
II) os have sods of passing richness, yet the lar-mcrs
are waking up lo improving ihem by
mem of shells of which Ihey have an abundance
al Iheir doors. $35,000 were paid last week for
land in Hyde, at the prieeof 850 m r acre. Da-vid
Carler purchased 300 acres of Caleb Spencer
on North Lake (a parl uncleared) for which he
paid sis.odO. And Mr. Wynne Mild hit plan-tation
of 400 acres at Maitamuaki ct IO Robert
Jenliell and 11. Fnslcy for $20,000. The pur.
chasers are citizen, of Hyde, and practical fann-ers,
who bought these lands not for speculaiiun,
but lo cultivate diem. Thiee good crops from
ihem, ihey say. will pay bark all they gave for
Ihem. What lay the good folk* of Beaulort.
who have thousands of acres of land equally aa
good as lliese iu Hyde, bin now comparatively
worthless, lo Ihis I The land which Mr. Carler
paid $50 per acre for, was bought a few years
ago by Mr. Spencer lor one dollar and IWCOIy-livecls.
per acre.— Ifashington [A. ('■) H'h'g-
Cotton Maniifartiires Decreasing.—The fol-lowing
is Ihe number of bales ol cotton manufac-tured
per annum iu the the South :
To September, ISI9, 110.000 bale,.
To September, IBM, 107,000 bales.
To September, 1851, 00,090 bale*.
This is a deplorable result; hut it haa de-creased
in the S'onh loo:
For the yeai I8l9-'5tl. 487.000 bale,.
For the year 1850-'5I. 491.000 bale*.
The increaso of cotlon exponed to foreign
countries over last year is esiimaled ai 398,55ft
bale.. This is not the best evidence of ihc pro-
■peHty ofwttonmanufacture in the United State*.
.Ilabirma paper.
And even a picture so startling as this is un-availing
against ihc injurious tariffo! 1810 ! Fact.
and arguments are losi. however, simply because
no'hing short of absolute perdition lo American
inteieals will content ihe lovers of ihe British
monopoly system, nick-named free trade. When
we have touched lb-lowest deep uI ruin, it will
be the opportunity lor democratic remedies.
.Vet/' l'tjrk VYmer.
.ifagnifccnt Request.—The late Abraham
G. Thompson haslelt aboul two hundred f/iou-sand
dollu/s to chantable societies in Ihis city,
among which are lite following :
American Bible Society, $30,000
American Tract Society, 30,000
American Home M. Society, 20,000
New York State Colonization, 20,009
Central Board of P.dncalion. 20.000
American I). 0. F. Mission, 20,000
Deaf and Death Ins.iiuiion, 20,000
Blind Institution, 20,090
Xcw York Express.
World's I'uir in Arm York.— Mr. Riddle,
U.S. Commis.-ioner at the World's Fair, and
M. Iluachck. Ausirian Commissioner, have giv-en
nonce in the London papers, that i similar
Fair will be held in Now York, from the I5lh
April till Ihe ISth Augual, 1852. They slate
lhai arrangcmenls have been made for the i ree-liou
of aa extensive buibling. in a central situa-lion
in thi City, and for Iraualrirmg hi il, the
ninsl valuable and attractive portion of Ihe ar-uelea
recentl) rxhihiied »t die London Fai
i
Greet1 Mai.—Among Ihe early riscr» we en-countered
near the inarkel-plaee. on Ihe avenue,
llus morning, were one Daniel Webslerand one
\\ niinM Seolt. The most favorable lint, for a
pleasant how-do-you-do with an old gcnllcuiall
by the nauM ol Henry Clay, during hi* occa-aional
visits lo this city, ia ai sunrise in the mor-ning,
in the s.i ne vic-nuty. The impress olgreai-ness
is thought lo be congenital with some men ,
bin energy, lesolunon. perseverance, and industry
nub!) have something lo do wuh ■ man's
lesiiny-—IVashingtim Telegraph.
Telesn*p.'s.—A new and mosi important in-vention
in telescopes, possessing such extraordi-nary
powers that some three and a half inches.
wuh an extra eye-piece. willsho.v distinctly Ju-pilvr'a
nioons, Saluru's ring, and ihe double star* ;
with ihe same lelcscope, weighing only Hires
ounces, can be seen a person's countenance three
and a half miles rJiU.nl, and an objeol Irom six-teen
to iweniy miles. The) supersede every
other kind for ihc >.i.lCO.I pocket, and are of
larger and all .lie*, wuh increasing power, ac-cordingly.—'/"/
ic Ofofc.
Josiice is ihc foundation of ,u cierlauing fame
and iher. can r> nothing cmnnui, lable wiihou-it.