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7%e Q^o€i/ucui Woman's College—"Distinguished for Its Democracy" VOLUME XXXIV ZS11 WOMAN'S COLLEGE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA. GREENSBORO. N. C. MARCH 26. 1954 NUMBER 20 'Europe Views US' Opens Harsch Types The US WC Social Science Forum As "Historical Morons" "The European View of the United States" opened the Social Science Forum Thursday night, with Mario Einaudl. Alex Inkeles. and Ernest A. Gross participating in the analysis Einaudl. professor of Govern-ment at Cornell University, and expert in fields of political theorv and comparative governments, pre-sented the basic attitudes in West-em Europe, while Inkeles. Senior Fellow at Harvard's Russian Re-search Center, presented the at-titude of Eastern Europe. Pointing oul that there are Ihreu basic attitudes in Western Europe Einaudl identified the mas Com-munistic. pro-American, and those of a group of Intellectual political leaders who are critical of Ameri-can policies. The latter group, said Einaudl. Is the one that is decisive in the formation of European ideas since the others are silent or afraid to express approval and have be-come neutral. There are four U. S. policies. Elnaudi stated, that the Europeans dislike. These concern American military policies, our lack of co-herence In the EDC. the interna-tional economic policy, and Ameri-can procedures to guarantee do-mestic security. US POLICY "DANGEROUS" Europeans think the "instant re-taliation" policy in regard to atomic weapons is dangerous and dislike the imperalistic attitude the Americans have and our de-pendence on nuclear weapons, he asserted. This Is not coherent wllh EDC he continued, and Is a con-tradiction to the Insistence of the need for a land army, which ren-ders EDC obsolete Europeans he added, resent the American insist-ence on military improvement-when they consider economic con-ditions more important. European objection to United States international economic poli-cy has heightened since the Mar-shall Plan. Since EDC Is to create a common economic market within five years. Elnaudi explained It should first concentrate on creat-ing equality between Germany and France before a common market will be successful. Americana should remember that it was I In- American contributions to the itMl market that made possible the Coal and Steel Agreement, he stated, and they should be encouraged by this and should consider Interven-ing in the future to create equality between Germany and France. The Europeans scrutinize care-fully the most trivial action of Americans and do not allow them to make a mistake, stated Mr. Einaudl They have thought that America is Immune to Commun-ism he continued, and object to recent American policy in regard to procedures to guarantee do-mestic security against Communist espionage. This policy has affected even the consulates in Europe, he said and is thus damaging the United States' reputation there. They feel that the communist prob-lem is a police problem, not a psychological problem as it is be-ing dealt with. Consequently, they (Continued on Page Two) "The Present Position of the United States as a World Leader" was examined by panelists Einaudl. Gross. Inkeles, and Harsch, at the second session of the Seventh An-nual Harriet Elliott Social Science Forum. Mr. Harsch, as chairman, opened with the statement that the United States Is now faced with becoming either a world power or a world leader, a world power being one that is "concerned more about it-self than about the community". the current example of which is Soviet Russia. The United States, as the current leader of the com-munity of free nations, slated Mr Harsch, finds itself faced by sev-eral obstacles of Its own which Strawberries, Cream Illustrate Marxian Concept of History "Now only the rich bourgeoisie • Forum, leaned forward over his eat strawberries and cream for'coffee to speak with vitality, even breakfast. Comes the Revolution, after two panels and a round table we'll all eat strawberries and discussion The Marxist sees his-cream." harangued the street cor- tory, he said, as an Inevitable ner orator in Moscow. "But." ob- process in the evolution of pro-jected one In the crowd of Us- determined stages. The prophet teners. "I don't like strawberries Marx saw what today's Russians and cream. When then?" "Comes call Communism as the next of the Revolution, comrade." exclaim- these inevitable stages. ed the agitator, "you'll like straw- [ „ ,. .. . ., , . . . , ,„ Believing that history destroys berries and cream! I.. . . ,. . .,,.... _ those who fall behind It, the Corn- Using this anecdote to Illustrate munlst ls constantly striv|nK „, the Marxist's concept of history. keep up witn hlstory He sees him- Alex Inkeles, come from Harvard's I self „ a man wl|n a mlsslon Tnc Russian Research Center to be a mlsslon ,s the further|ng of hls-panellst for the Social Science, tory.s inev|table process In tlu spread of Communism. Similarly to Hitler, who claimed that his purpose in life was to help achieve the "German Destiny," the Com-munist regards himself as merely , an instrument of history, put on ' earth to help man live out his destiny, which, again, he see- M Communism It's this notion, continued the Russian scholar, that motivates Communist Imperialism, the desire to be In the vanguard of history, not the desire to spread the "good life." The Communist Is "saving" mankind only In that he is further- [ Ing the development of what is mankind's inevitable destiny. In fact, misery is essential In the 1 short run for the achievement of the socialist stage. Commenting on the general mis- Mr. Inkeles (OonUmart on I'aw 'iicoj it must overcome if it is to be a successful world leader. The first problem that the United States has Is that its people have not learned "it Is unsafe to mix domestic politics with foreign affairs", and the resulting hard teelings and Internal friction "make objectivity In foreign policy hard ' "We are a nation of historical morons," declared Harsch. Our dis-inclination to study our back-ground, he believes, hampers us considerably In wisely determining foreign policy. SNAKE-OIL DEVOTEES The third difficulty standing In the way of the United States he-coming a world leader Mr Harsih attributes to the rapid growth of our country from a minor to a major power. He compared the United States to a fifteen-year-old who wants to get back to the se-curity and dependence of child-hood. We "have an extraordinary confidence in snake-oil" and are [ constantly searching for "the sov- ■I-eiitn panacea." We thought that we had found it in the United Nations, expected wonders of that organization, and now are furious at it because it has not accom-plished all that we hoped for Mr. Harsch tnen proceeded to s.i> |hat the Republican adminis-tration, despite "twenty years In i the wilderness", is MM beginning to "grasp reality", although wi are now guilty of hilling out at countries which have been oui allies for years. There Is a "continuity in Ameri-can foreign policy" observed Eln-audi, saying that only our way of expression makes us seem hos-tile. "We need belter control over public ansouncemenl," he said, to which Mr. Harsch added that we must do "the right thine cheerfully instead of reluctantly." RED CHINA The recognition of Red China came up for debale on a sludent question. Einaudl described the European view on the problem as "a readiness to go along with rec-ognition of China and Its admis-sion to the D N" He said that the topic of lied China was un-likely to stir as hot a controversy in Europe as it would in the United States. As "man must declare himself against sin", so non-recognition of Red China sooths the American (Continued on Paoe Tuioj Gross Calls Disarmament and Domestic Jurisdiction The Real Issues Facing UN "We may be getting rid of all our Communists one by one In our own nation, but the Soviet Government may at the same time have gotten all the countries of Asia one by one," exclaimed Mr. Alex Inkeles at the final panel of the Social Science Forum on Fri-day evening. "The Future of United States Leadership." Leading the discussion, Mr Ern-est Gross declared "There are no detours on the road to security The best we can hope for ls at least a generation of tension." as-serted Mr. Gross, "and we had bet-ter be prepared to be sustained over that long a period In our fortitude." Joining the optimistic forces Mr Mario Einaudi stated. "So far the optimistic and positive ele-ments of the picture greatly out-weigh the negative elements and the negative elements can be set aside If we gather enough strength to deal with them." Interjecting a warning, Mr. Jo-seph Harsch listed pessimistic fac-tors in the picture as "1. A reckless inclination to Insist on reduced tax-es and expenditures regardless of consequences; 2. Another reckless 1 inclination to allow people to be- ' lleve that (he alternative to taxes and large defense spending Is the atomic bomb; and 3 Feelings o( revulsion against the U. N. and against basic alliances of the United States, and suspicion at home that serves Moscow's pur- Gross Voices Opinion On Current Live Issues After more lhan six consecutive hours of constant questioning and discussion of the issues involved In this years Social Science Forum (not to mention the numerous tunes the debate deviated from the main topic). Ernest A. Gross readily agreed to talk about him-self and to answer more questions for the benefit of Cary readers Amiable and completely approach-able. Mr. Gross Is an international lawyer, who In the past few years has served In such various capaci-ties as Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations, Co-ordinator of Foreign Assistance Programs in the Department of State, and Deputy United States Repesentatlve to the United Na-ions, with the rank of Ambassador At present, he Is devoting most of his time to his law practice in New York City and as legal ad-visor to the United Nations. In reply to several of our ques-tions, Mr. Gross gladly gave his opinions on such different subjects as the admission of Communist China to the UN, to the chances of a perspective graduate acquir-ing a position with the UN this coming June. In answer to the question of whether or not he believed Soviet Russia would real-ly like to see the admission of Red China Into the UN, thereby making the Chinese Communists independ- Mr. Gross ent of the Kremlin as a spokes-man, the diplomat replied that Russia was committed to make the effort to secure her admission, and lhat It was immaterial as to wheth-er she really desired the change In status Mr. Gross further stated the real question, of course, was not the admission of China, bu who should represent her. the Communists or the Nationalists since China has from the outset been a member of the Security Council. Communist representation (Continued on page Two) Round Tables Reveal Individual Ideas o f Speakers Dr. Mario Einaudi Attitude To UN Reflects Commentator Harsch | Outlines Power War In Forum Roundlable Analyzes Problems Of Foreign Policy Feelings Toward Nations Amplifying his opinions on the European Defense Community. Dr Mario Einaudl opened his round table discussion with an analysis of America's foreign policy prob-lems. Elnaudi stated that, in the ma-jority of Instances. American pol-icies agree with those of the Euro-pean nations. There Is a necessity of a policy of alliance; give and take ls Mill required, he said "No foreign policy has ever developed In a vacumn." Of the Issues of concern li Europe, Einaudl views the Euro-pean Defense Community as hav-ing first priority. The EDC is mil yet a political union, but only a supranational defense organization Even without political ties, It would "alter entirely the struc-ture of national status." Also administered by EDC would be a common budget for this mili-tary organization, and the regula-tion of the manufacture, design and procurement of arms. EDC France has not yet accepted the EDC plan "The French posr increasingly hesitant." Four expla-nations given by Dr Einaudi (of this hesitancy are (1) the balance of power In France and Germany fConlinwd on I', "The U. N. was over-labeled, not; over-sold," stated Mr. Ernest A. i Gross, in explaining the great dis llluslonment experienced by the U. S. citizens concerning the U. N. and Its handling of the Korean War. He spoke to studenls, visitors and faculty at the Friday after-noon round-table In the Home Economics Auditorium. He continued that "the attitude of U. S. cltUens toward the U. N reflects their feeling toward other countries in the world," and that, in order to talk about these atti-tudes one must understand the dif-ferences betwen these feelings of today and those held in 1946. In '46. he said. I S. citizen expected a prompt settlement of treaties with Germany, Japan, and Austria. They thought the Soviets had learned the value: of cooperation on a self-Interest' basis. "Even then," Mr Gross add-1 I ed, "there was no illusion con-' | cerning the Soviets" He called the I' S (ecling for Russia at that time a "quiet loathing." The U. S, he said, felt that the' economic picture called for coop-' eratlon In order to deal with a re-construction policy. Mr. Gross referred to the Mar-shall plan as "an offer to unify ; and to restore the Continent of [ Europe,' and spoke of the Cold | War and the frustration of the American people In relation to the change in feeling toward Ihe U. N "June 25, 1950 put the U N. on the map," Mr. Gross said, and add-ed that the U. N. received more mail during the following weeks than it had ever received before He said, "The U. N. was the first casualty when the Chinese Com-munists entered Ihe Korean War." Mr. Gross said that many people talked about and thought about the reviewing and reviving of the U. N. Charter. "But; he said, "don't forget that the U. N. can-not be regarded as something torn out of human context. All our problems are part of a problem of which the U. N. Is a part." When questioned concerning the Russians' boycotting the Security Council at the time when the Council was to make Its decision on the Korean War, Mr. Gross replied that the absence was not a coincidence, that they had "mis-judged and decided they would throw the U. N into a tallspln" by walking out "The Soviets boy-cotted rather than be there and veto." Mr. Gross referred to the U. N as a collecting point for Interna-tional diseases—a place to diag-nose and to work out treatment fitutued on I'nu- Two) Comparing the relative strengths of Russia and the United States, noted correspondent and commen-tator Joseph C Harsch held forth for two hours at his Friday ailer-noon roundlable on the fluctua-tion of the East-West power bal-ance. Harsch declared lhat here was a time when, atomic developments In the two countries being equal, Raja. sla could have marched, virtually unopposed, to the English Channel This, he said. Illustrated the tre-mendous effect day-to-day events can have on the delicate power scale. He mentioned the uprising last summer In Eastern Germany as an example of this. The riots, accord-ing to Mr Harsch, were a tre-mendous boost for allied morale; the uprising made it obvious that the east Germans were not in-doctrinated, and were capable ol rising against their Russian task-masters when an opportunity of-fered. The foreign correspondent also (ommented on the great power which REAS, Allied radio station in Berlin, has over the Germans in the eastern •• ordlnj to him. It was within the BOWW of REAS to make the ui i ■ nlinurd on I Inkeles Poses Question: Is Our Eye On The Ball The critical question today is "whether we have our eye on tin ball," reported Alex Inkeles, Sen-ior Fellow of the Russian Research Center at Harvard, in a discussion he led In the Elliott Hall bfJCMJ Friday, March 19. The great need today, he continued. Is the stab-ilization of those areas of the world where seeds of communism can lie sown or are being sown. We must keep our eye on Soviet Russia and Its effect In the back-ward areas of the world, he ex-plained, because Russia is Intent on exploitation of these areas Without economic, social, and po-! litical stability, they are easy prey i Russian peace propaganda Is! meant to split the Allies and to encourage disarmament, this au-thority on internal Russia stated He told listeners that many Euro-peans today mistakenly think of the United States as favoring war because Ihe US says that It Is against Soviet peace propaganda. He asserted that Russian peace propaganda Is meant to accomp-lish certain political policies. Control of American propaganda in Voice of America In Russia is i not hard to achieve because their i radio system Is organized llki a telephone network with a cen-' tral receiving station beaming only ! nine ' to i idio" owners ! Inkeles pointed out that the Voice of America can reach only 2C per cent of Russia's people, but he emphasized that this segment Is an important one He explained that he believes the American mes-sage they get gives them live con-tact with the world. AVERAGE SOVIET CITIZEN He pointed out that the degree of thought control Is not so real as It Is apparent In Soviet Russia Emphasis on political terror ls detested by the average Russian. Although the average Russian doesn't have the desire for ab-solutism, Mr Inkeles explainer' that many of them do not mind the authoritarianism of the Rus slan government. In fact, Uses** people feel that the government Is not worthy of respect If It doe not provide protection against un employment and disease, for exam-ple; however, these same people draw the line of governments power at their private lives, for they feel that the governmen should not Interfere. "Communist power or power by unlsm Is indistinguishable," declared Mr Inkeles, saying that Soviet leaders are devoted to max-imizing their power Hi that Russian leaders tested the limits of aggression the US would pose by spreading division at home." DISEASES OF NATIONS "The great diseases of nations which beset our own nation and all nations to some extent." de-clared Gross, "are escapism, fear, and oversimplification. The basic challenges to our future leader-ship," continued Gross, "rest on three major facts of International life. 1. Most obvious fact, th< threat of Communist Imperialism 2 The pressures of the hundreds of millions In large areas of the world for relief from the ancient enemies of man, hunger, disease, and poverty, and coupled with it nationalist aspirations. 3. The leg-acy left to man as a result of two world wars and numerous local wars with the result that many people doubt that democracy is ansuced a permanent and safe sanction anywhere." "If they had a choice between four sandwiches and the four free-doms," exclaimed Gross, "most people would choose the four sand-wiches We must realize that there are many areas In which there Is a feeling that our conception ot democracy Is unreal, one-dlmen-sion. il. because we unconsciousl> think of a second dimension. We think of freedom with responsi-bility, of freedom with justice. "We tend to assume," continued Gross." that a way of life is a standard of living because we have both and have become accustomed to having both. But for hundreds of millions of people, freedom is an abstract conception because they do not have national inde-pendence or any assurance of jus-tice. They do not have a concept of freedom because to them it lacks the other essential dimen-sion." THE WAITING WORLD "I think the world Is waiting for a program which assures peace and dignity between nations,' declared Inkeles. "The problem the United States has now Is not an Inability to do planning for an era, but Inability to do planning for the next decade. In this area," contin-ued Inkeles. "the Soviets liave stolen the march on us and we should do something to recapture the Initiative, a kind of initiative which Is a peculiar combination of very long-range vision with the practicality of organizing available materials toward our goals. We have failed to provide this com-bination neither up to our potent-iality or as far as we should as a world leader." "Until such a document provid-ing for long-range reform meas-ures Is released." declared Gross, perhaps the UN charter will do for a while." "This Is my definition of collec-tive security." asserted Gross," "an effort to share equally the bur-dens of common defense, which includes defense against all the indent enemies of man, hunger, disease, and Illiteracy, as well as against aggression. The UN pro-vides the means." Gross declared The UN Charter ls an attempt to lay out the general elements ivhlch establish a community sense, an attempt to spell out the com-mon objectives of mankind. The UN provides the means for fur-thering those common Interest: collectively " I am at heart a world federal-ist," explained Gross, "but that can wait. You scare those people members of the thirteen new na-tions which have been born since World War III to death when you talk of giving up sovereignties which they have Just won. We had better get the problem of sovereignties straight at home be-fore we carry It to debate outside the United States." AGAINST CHARTER REVISION "My own sense of the UN." ex-claimed Harsch. "always has been of a means to provide a neutral forum where men could come to-gether and reduce the inhumanity of what man Is doing to man. If vou wipe out the UN." warned Harsch. "the need for a neutral forum will still be present In the (Continued on Page T*»J
Object Description
Title | The Carolinian [March 26, 1954] |
Date | 1954-03-26 |
Editor/creator | Thomas, Pat |
Subject headings |
University of North Carolina at Greensboro--Newspapers College student newspapers and periodicals-- North Carolina--Greensboro Student publications--North Carolina--Greensboro Student activities--North Carolina--History |
Place | Greensboro (N.C.) |
Description | The March 26, 1954, issue of The Carolinian, the student newspaper of the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina (now The University of North Carolina at Greensboro). |
Type | Text |
Original format | Newspapers |
Original publisher | Greensboro, N.C. : Woman's College of the University of North Carolina |
Language | eng |
Contributing institution | Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives, UNCG University Libraries |
Publication | The Carolinian |
Rights statement | http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ |
Additional rights information | NO COPYRIGHT - UNITED STATES. This item has been determined to be free of copyright restrictions in the United States. The user is responsible for determining actual copyright status for any reuse of the material. |
Object ID | 1954-03-26-carolinian |
Date digitized | 2011 |
Digital publisher | The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, University Libraries |
Digitized by | Creekside Digital |
Sponsor | Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation |
OCLC number | 871558169 |
Page/Item Description
Title | Page 1 |
Full text | 7%e Q^o€i/ucui Woman's College—"Distinguished for Its Democracy" VOLUME XXXIV ZS11 WOMAN'S COLLEGE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA. GREENSBORO. N. C. MARCH 26. 1954 NUMBER 20 'Europe Views US' Opens Harsch Types The US WC Social Science Forum As "Historical Morons" "The European View of the United States" opened the Social Science Forum Thursday night, with Mario Einaudl. Alex Inkeles. and Ernest A. Gross participating in the analysis Einaudl. professor of Govern-ment at Cornell University, and expert in fields of political theorv and comparative governments, pre-sented the basic attitudes in West-em Europe, while Inkeles. Senior Fellow at Harvard's Russian Re-search Center, presented the at-titude of Eastern Europe. Pointing oul that there are Ihreu basic attitudes in Western Europe Einaudl identified the mas Com-munistic. pro-American, and those of a group of Intellectual political leaders who are critical of Ameri-can policies. The latter group, said Einaudl. Is the one that is decisive in the formation of European ideas since the others are silent or afraid to express approval and have be-come neutral. There are four U. S. policies. Elnaudi stated, that the Europeans dislike. These concern American military policies, our lack of co-herence In the EDC. the interna-tional economic policy, and Ameri-can procedures to guarantee do-mestic security. US POLICY "DANGEROUS" Europeans think the "instant re-taliation" policy in regard to atomic weapons is dangerous and dislike the imperalistic attitude the Americans have and our de-pendence on nuclear weapons, he asserted. This Is not coherent wllh EDC he continued, and Is a con-tradiction to the Insistence of the need for a land army, which ren-ders EDC obsolete Europeans he added, resent the American insist-ence on military improvement-when they consider economic con-ditions more important. European objection to United States international economic poli-cy has heightened since the Mar-shall Plan. Since EDC Is to create a common economic market within five years. Elnaudi explained It should first concentrate on creat-ing equality between Germany and France before a common market will be successful. Americana should remember that it was I In- American contributions to the itMl market that made possible the Coal and Steel Agreement, he stated, and they should be encouraged by this and should consider Interven-ing in the future to create equality between Germany and France. The Europeans scrutinize care-fully the most trivial action of Americans and do not allow them to make a mistake, stated Mr. Einaudl They have thought that America is Immune to Commun-ism he continued, and object to recent American policy in regard to procedures to guarantee do-mestic security against Communist espionage. This policy has affected even the consulates in Europe, he said and is thus damaging the United States' reputation there. They feel that the communist prob-lem is a police problem, not a psychological problem as it is be-ing dealt with. Consequently, they (Continued on Page Two) "The Present Position of the United States as a World Leader" was examined by panelists Einaudl. Gross. Inkeles, and Harsch, at the second session of the Seventh An-nual Harriet Elliott Social Science Forum. Mr. Harsch, as chairman, opened with the statement that the United States Is now faced with becoming either a world power or a world leader, a world power being one that is "concerned more about it-self than about the community". the current example of which is Soviet Russia. The United States, as the current leader of the com-munity of free nations, slated Mr Harsch, finds itself faced by sev-eral obstacles of Its own which Strawberries, Cream Illustrate Marxian Concept of History "Now only the rich bourgeoisie • Forum, leaned forward over his eat strawberries and cream for'coffee to speak with vitality, even breakfast. Comes the Revolution, after two panels and a round table we'll all eat strawberries and discussion The Marxist sees his-cream." harangued the street cor- tory, he said, as an Inevitable ner orator in Moscow. "But." ob- process in the evolution of pro-jected one In the crowd of Us- determined stages. The prophet teners. "I don't like strawberries Marx saw what today's Russians and cream. When then?" "Comes call Communism as the next of the Revolution, comrade." exclaim- these inevitable stages. ed the agitator, "you'll like straw- [ „ ,. .. . ., , . . . , ,„ Believing that history destroys berries and cream! I.. . . ,. . .,,.... _ those who fall behind It, the Corn- Using this anecdote to Illustrate munlst ls constantly striv|nK „, the Marxist's concept of history. keep up witn hlstory He sees him- Alex Inkeles, come from Harvard's I self „ a man wl|n a mlsslon Tnc Russian Research Center to be a mlsslon ,s the further|ng of hls-panellst for the Social Science, tory.s inev|table process In tlu spread of Communism. Similarly to Hitler, who claimed that his purpose in life was to help achieve the "German Destiny," the Com-munist regards himself as merely , an instrument of history, put on ' earth to help man live out his destiny, which, again, he see- M Communism It's this notion, continued the Russian scholar, that motivates Communist Imperialism, the desire to be In the vanguard of history, not the desire to spread the "good life." The Communist Is "saving" mankind only In that he is further- [ Ing the development of what is mankind's inevitable destiny. In fact, misery is essential In the 1 short run for the achievement of the socialist stage. Commenting on the general mis- Mr. Inkeles (OonUmart on I'aw 'iicoj it must overcome if it is to be a successful world leader. The first problem that the United States has Is that its people have not learned "it Is unsafe to mix domestic politics with foreign affairs", and the resulting hard teelings and Internal friction "make objectivity In foreign policy hard ' "We are a nation of historical morons," declared Harsch. Our dis-inclination to study our back-ground, he believes, hampers us considerably In wisely determining foreign policy. SNAKE-OIL DEVOTEES The third difficulty standing In the way of the United States he-coming a world leader Mr Harsih attributes to the rapid growth of our country from a minor to a major power. He compared the United States to a fifteen-year-old who wants to get back to the se-curity and dependence of child-hood. We "have an extraordinary confidence in snake-oil" and are [ constantly searching for "the sov- ■I-eiitn panacea." We thought that we had found it in the United Nations, expected wonders of that organization, and now are furious at it because it has not accom-plished all that we hoped for Mr. Harsch tnen proceeded to s.i> |hat the Republican adminis-tration, despite "twenty years In i the wilderness", is MM beginning to "grasp reality", although wi are now guilty of hilling out at countries which have been oui allies for years. There Is a "continuity in Ameri-can foreign policy" observed Eln-audi, saying that only our way of expression makes us seem hos-tile. "We need belter control over public ansouncemenl," he said, to which Mr. Harsch added that we must do "the right thine cheerfully instead of reluctantly." RED CHINA The recognition of Red China came up for debale on a sludent question. Einaudl described the European view on the problem as "a readiness to go along with rec-ognition of China and Its admis-sion to the D N" He said that the topic of lied China was un-likely to stir as hot a controversy in Europe as it would in the United States. As "man must declare himself against sin", so non-recognition of Red China sooths the American (Continued on Paoe Tuioj Gross Calls Disarmament and Domestic Jurisdiction The Real Issues Facing UN "We may be getting rid of all our Communists one by one In our own nation, but the Soviet Government may at the same time have gotten all the countries of Asia one by one," exclaimed Mr. Alex Inkeles at the final panel of the Social Science Forum on Fri-day evening. "The Future of United States Leadership." Leading the discussion, Mr Ern-est Gross declared "There are no detours on the road to security The best we can hope for ls at least a generation of tension." as-serted Mr. Gross, "and we had bet-ter be prepared to be sustained over that long a period In our fortitude." Joining the optimistic forces Mr Mario Einaudi stated. "So far the optimistic and positive ele-ments of the picture greatly out-weigh the negative elements and the negative elements can be set aside If we gather enough strength to deal with them." Interjecting a warning, Mr. Jo-seph Harsch listed pessimistic fac-tors in the picture as "1. A reckless inclination to Insist on reduced tax-es and expenditures regardless of consequences; 2. Another reckless 1 inclination to allow people to be- ' lleve that (he alternative to taxes and large defense spending Is the atomic bomb; and 3 Feelings o( revulsion against the U. N. and against basic alliances of the United States, and suspicion at home that serves Moscow's pur- Gross Voices Opinion On Current Live Issues After more lhan six consecutive hours of constant questioning and discussion of the issues involved In this years Social Science Forum (not to mention the numerous tunes the debate deviated from the main topic). Ernest A. Gross readily agreed to talk about him-self and to answer more questions for the benefit of Cary readers Amiable and completely approach-able. Mr. Gross Is an international lawyer, who In the past few years has served In such various capaci-ties as Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations, Co-ordinator of Foreign Assistance Programs in the Department of State, and Deputy United States Repesentatlve to the United Na-ions, with the rank of Ambassador At present, he Is devoting most of his time to his law practice in New York City and as legal ad-visor to the United Nations. In reply to several of our ques-tions, Mr. Gross gladly gave his opinions on such different subjects as the admission of Communist China to the UN, to the chances of a perspective graduate acquir-ing a position with the UN this coming June. In answer to the question of whether or not he believed Soviet Russia would real-ly like to see the admission of Red China Into the UN, thereby making the Chinese Communists independ- Mr. Gross ent of the Kremlin as a spokes-man, the diplomat replied that Russia was committed to make the effort to secure her admission, and lhat It was immaterial as to wheth-er she really desired the change In status Mr. Gross further stated the real question, of course, was not the admission of China, bu who should represent her. the Communists or the Nationalists since China has from the outset been a member of the Security Council. Communist representation (Continued on page Two) Round Tables Reveal Individual Ideas o f Speakers Dr. Mario Einaudi Attitude To UN Reflects Commentator Harsch | Outlines Power War In Forum Roundlable Analyzes Problems Of Foreign Policy Feelings Toward Nations Amplifying his opinions on the European Defense Community. Dr Mario Einaudl opened his round table discussion with an analysis of America's foreign policy prob-lems. Elnaudi stated that, in the ma-jority of Instances. American pol-icies agree with those of the Euro-pean nations. There Is a necessity of a policy of alliance; give and take ls Mill required, he said "No foreign policy has ever developed In a vacumn." Of the Issues of concern li Europe, Einaudl views the Euro-pean Defense Community as hav-ing first priority. The EDC is mil yet a political union, but only a supranational defense organization Even without political ties, It would "alter entirely the struc-ture of national status." Also administered by EDC would be a common budget for this mili-tary organization, and the regula-tion of the manufacture, design and procurement of arms. EDC France has not yet accepted the EDC plan "The French posr increasingly hesitant." Four expla-nations given by Dr Einaudi (of this hesitancy are (1) the balance of power In France and Germany fConlinwd on I', "The U. N. was over-labeled, not; over-sold," stated Mr. Ernest A. i Gross, in explaining the great dis llluslonment experienced by the U. S. citizens concerning the U. N. and Its handling of the Korean War. He spoke to studenls, visitors and faculty at the Friday after-noon round-table In the Home Economics Auditorium. He continued that "the attitude of U. S. cltUens toward the U. N reflects their feeling toward other countries in the world," and that, in order to talk about these atti-tudes one must understand the dif-ferences betwen these feelings of today and those held in 1946. In '46. he said. I S. citizen expected a prompt settlement of treaties with Germany, Japan, and Austria. They thought the Soviets had learned the value: of cooperation on a self-Interest' basis. "Even then," Mr Gross add-1 I ed, "there was no illusion con-' | cerning the Soviets" He called the I' S (ecling for Russia at that time a "quiet loathing." The U. S, he said, felt that the' economic picture called for coop-' eratlon In order to deal with a re-construction policy. Mr. Gross referred to the Mar-shall plan as "an offer to unify ; and to restore the Continent of [ Europe,' and spoke of the Cold | War and the frustration of the American people In relation to the change in feeling toward Ihe U. N "June 25, 1950 put the U N. on the map," Mr. Gross said, and add-ed that the U. N. received more mail during the following weeks than it had ever received before He said, "The U. N. was the first casualty when the Chinese Com-munists entered Ihe Korean War." Mr. Gross said that many people talked about and thought about the reviewing and reviving of the U. N. Charter. "But; he said, "don't forget that the U. N. can-not be regarded as something torn out of human context. All our problems are part of a problem of which the U. N. Is a part." When questioned concerning the Russians' boycotting the Security Council at the time when the Council was to make Its decision on the Korean War, Mr. Gross replied that the absence was not a coincidence, that they had "mis-judged and decided they would throw the U. N into a tallspln" by walking out "The Soviets boy-cotted rather than be there and veto." Mr. Gross referred to the U. N as a collecting point for Interna-tional diseases—a place to diag-nose and to work out treatment fitutued on I'nu- Two) Comparing the relative strengths of Russia and the United States, noted correspondent and commen-tator Joseph C Harsch held forth for two hours at his Friday ailer-noon roundlable on the fluctua-tion of the East-West power bal-ance. Harsch declared lhat here was a time when, atomic developments In the two countries being equal, Raja. sla could have marched, virtually unopposed, to the English Channel This, he said. Illustrated the tre-mendous effect day-to-day events can have on the delicate power scale. He mentioned the uprising last summer In Eastern Germany as an example of this. The riots, accord-ing to Mr Harsch, were a tre-mendous boost for allied morale; the uprising made it obvious that the east Germans were not in-doctrinated, and were capable ol rising against their Russian task-masters when an opportunity of-fered. The foreign correspondent also (ommented on the great power which REAS, Allied radio station in Berlin, has over the Germans in the eastern •• ordlnj to him. It was within the BOWW of REAS to make the ui i ■ nlinurd on I Inkeles Poses Question: Is Our Eye On The Ball The critical question today is "whether we have our eye on tin ball," reported Alex Inkeles, Sen-ior Fellow of the Russian Research Center at Harvard, in a discussion he led In the Elliott Hall bfJCMJ Friday, March 19. The great need today, he continued. Is the stab-ilization of those areas of the world where seeds of communism can lie sown or are being sown. We must keep our eye on Soviet Russia and Its effect In the back-ward areas of the world, he ex-plained, because Russia is Intent on exploitation of these areas Without economic, social, and po-! litical stability, they are easy prey i Russian peace propaganda Is! meant to split the Allies and to encourage disarmament, this au-thority on internal Russia stated He told listeners that many Euro-peans today mistakenly think of the United States as favoring war because Ihe US says that It Is against Soviet peace propaganda. He asserted that Russian peace propaganda Is meant to accomp-lish certain political policies. Control of American propaganda in Voice of America In Russia is i not hard to achieve because their i radio system Is organized llki a telephone network with a cen-' tral receiving station beaming only ! nine ' to i idio" owners ! Inkeles pointed out that the Voice of America can reach only 2C per cent of Russia's people, but he emphasized that this segment Is an important one He explained that he believes the American mes-sage they get gives them live con-tact with the world. AVERAGE SOVIET CITIZEN He pointed out that the degree of thought control Is not so real as It Is apparent In Soviet Russia Emphasis on political terror ls detested by the average Russian. Although the average Russian doesn't have the desire for ab-solutism, Mr Inkeles explainer' that many of them do not mind the authoritarianism of the Rus slan government. In fact, Uses** people feel that the government Is not worthy of respect If It doe not provide protection against un employment and disease, for exam-ple; however, these same people draw the line of governments power at their private lives, for they feel that the governmen should not Interfere. "Communist power or power by unlsm Is indistinguishable," declared Mr Inkeles, saying that Soviet leaders are devoted to max-imizing their power Hi that Russian leaders tested the limits of aggression the US would pose by spreading division at home." DISEASES OF NATIONS "The great diseases of nations which beset our own nation and all nations to some extent." de-clared Gross, "are escapism, fear, and oversimplification. The basic challenges to our future leader-ship," continued Gross, "rest on three major facts of International life. 1. Most obvious fact, th< threat of Communist Imperialism 2 The pressures of the hundreds of millions In large areas of the world for relief from the ancient enemies of man, hunger, disease, and poverty, and coupled with it nationalist aspirations. 3. The leg-acy left to man as a result of two world wars and numerous local wars with the result that many people doubt that democracy is ansuced a permanent and safe sanction anywhere." "If they had a choice between four sandwiches and the four free-doms," exclaimed Gross, "most people would choose the four sand-wiches We must realize that there are many areas In which there Is a feeling that our conception ot democracy Is unreal, one-dlmen-sion. il. because we unconsciousl> think of a second dimension. We think of freedom with responsi-bility, of freedom with justice. "We tend to assume," continued Gross." that a way of life is a standard of living because we have both and have become accustomed to having both. But for hundreds of millions of people, freedom is an abstract conception because they do not have national inde-pendence or any assurance of jus-tice. They do not have a concept of freedom because to them it lacks the other essential dimen-sion." THE WAITING WORLD "I think the world Is waiting for a program which assures peace and dignity between nations,' declared Inkeles. "The problem the United States has now Is not an Inability to do planning for an era, but Inability to do planning for the next decade. In this area," contin-ued Inkeles. "the Soviets liave stolen the march on us and we should do something to recapture the Initiative, a kind of initiative which Is a peculiar combination of very long-range vision with the practicality of organizing available materials toward our goals. We have failed to provide this com-bination neither up to our potent-iality or as far as we should as a world leader." "Until such a document provid-ing for long-range reform meas-ures Is released." declared Gross, perhaps the UN charter will do for a while." "This Is my definition of collec-tive security." asserted Gross," "an effort to share equally the bur-dens of common defense, which includes defense against all the indent enemies of man, hunger, disease, and Illiteracy, as well as against aggression. The UN pro-vides the means." Gross declared The UN Charter ls an attempt to lay out the general elements ivhlch establish a community sense, an attempt to spell out the com-mon objectives of mankind. The UN provides the means for fur-thering those common Interest: collectively " I am at heart a world federal-ist," explained Gross, "but that can wait. You scare those people members of the thirteen new na-tions which have been born since World War III to death when you talk of giving up sovereignties which they have Just won. We had better get the problem of sovereignties straight at home be-fore we carry It to debate outside the United States." AGAINST CHARTER REVISION "My own sense of the UN." ex-claimed Harsch. "always has been of a means to provide a neutral forum where men could come to-gether and reduce the inhumanity of what man Is doing to man. If vou wipe out the UN." warned Harsch. "the need for a neutral forum will still be present In the (Continued on Page T*»J |